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Background: The causes behind migration movements are complex. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted how several countries failed to respond to the virus adequately, while simultaneously infringing on people's rights. Male irregular migrants fled their countries of origin and embarked on a perilous migration journey to Spain. The highly restrictive COVID-19 measures and border closures affected the mobility of male irregular migrants, whose reception in the host country posed a challenge. It led to the establishment of emergency facilities to accommodate male irregular migrants affected by COVID-19, which had repercussions on their mental health. The aim of this study was to describe and understand the experiences of male irregular migrants throughout their migration process and reception in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Qualitative descriptive study. Sixteen male irregular migrants participated in this study. Data were collected between January and March 2023 through 16 one-on-one in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data using ATLAS.ti computer software. Results: Three main themes emerged: (1) How the COVID-19 pandemic drove male irregular migrants to leave their countries of origin, (2) How COVID-19 lockdown policies affected the migration journey, and (3) Receiving male irregular migrants in a pandemic: a housing labyrinth marked by isolation and loneliness. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic increased the social, employment and health inequalities experienced by male irregular migrants. Border closures exacerbated the migration journey and the social stigmatization of this group, who were seen as carriers of the virus in both transit and host countries. Strict control measures in emergency and reception facilities had a significant psychological impact on the male irregular migrants due to the social isolation they experienced. Health institutions should develop programs to guarantee the care needs of irregular migrants.
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COVID-19 , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Migrantes , Humanos , Masculino , COVID-19/psicologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Espanha , Migrantes/psicologia , Adulto , Saúde Mental , Emigração e Imigração , Pandemias , Adulto Jovem , SARS-CoV-2 , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Background: The influx of undocumented migrants and asylum seekers into Lithuania, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, presents unique public health challenges. This study employs the Social Determinants of Health framework to explore the healthcare and social needs of this vulnerable population. Methods: In May 2022, we carried out a qualitative study through semi-structured interviews with asylum seekers across four centers in Lithuania. Employing both purposive and snowball sampling techniques, we selected participants for our investigation. The study comprised 21 interviews-19 conducted in Arabic and 2 in English-with durations ranging between 20 and 40 min each. We audio-recorded all interviews, transcribed them verbatim, and subsequently performed a thematic analysis using Atlas.ti software. This process of design and analysis strictly followed the principles of thematic analysis as outlined by Braun and Clarke, guaranteeing methodological precision and rigor. Findings: 21 interviews revealed critical insights into the healthcare access challenges, mental health issues, and social integration barriers faced by the participants. Key themes included 'Healthcare Needs and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic 'and 'Social needs and Aspirations Amidst Pandemic-Induced Uncertainty '. The findings highlight the multifaceted healthcare and social needs of asylum seekers, juxtaposed against significant barriers they face. Access to medical services is hindered by long waiting times and financial constraints, especially for specialized care such as dental services. Communication issues during medical appointments due to language barriers and the lack of gender-specific healthcare, such as access to gynecological services, further exacerbate the challenges. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic introduces hurdles such as limited testing, isolation measures, language-specific information barriers, and insufficient social distancing practices. Mental health has emerged as a critical concern, with asylum seekers reporting significant stress and emotional exhaustion due to uncertainty and restrictive living conditions. Social needs extend to delayed asylum application processes, inconsistent language education opportunities, inadequate clothing, and nutrition that lacks cultural sensitivity, and living conditions characterized by overcrowding and insufficient facilities. The restricted freedom of movement within asylum seeking centres severely impacts their psychological well-being, underscoring a deep longing for autonomy and a better life despite the myriad of challenges faced. Discussion: The study illustrates the complex interplay between migration, health, and social factors in the context of a global pandemic. It highlights the need for culturally sensitive healthcare services, mental health support, and structured language education programs. Offering educational avenues alongside language courses for children and adults is essential for fostering social inclusion and securing economic prosperity. Addressing the challenge of language barriers is of utmost importance, as these barriers significantly impede undocumented migrants' and asylum seekers employment opportunities and their access to crucial services. The findings emphasized immigration as a health determinant and underscored the importance of inclusive health policies and advocacy for undocumented migrants and asylum seekers' rights and needs. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for comprehensive policies and practices that are grounded in the principles of equity, compassion, and human rights. Additionally, advocating for practice adaptations that are culturally sensitive, linguistically inclusive, and responsive to the unique challenges faced by undocumented migrants and asylum seekers. As global migration continues to rise, these findings are crucial for informing public health strategies and social services that cater to the diverse needs of this vulnerable population.
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COVID-19 , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Refugiados , Humanos , Lituânia , Refugiados/psicologia , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Imigrantes Indocumentados/psicologia , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Entrevistas como Assunto , Saúde Mental , Migrantes/psicologia , Migrantes/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
ABSTRACTMigrants who work seasonally in agriculture face living and working conditions that significantly impact their health. Some of these conditions are related to inadequate food access or food preservation and preparation hygiene. This study aimed to explore how migrant and seasonal agricultural farmworkers access food in Spain from the perspective of professionals supporting this population. We conducted a qualitative study in 2021 based on semistructured interviews with 92 social and health service professionals involved in the care of seasonal migrant workers in 4 Spanish provinces. We identified three themes through reflective thematic analysis: (1) Access to food depends on NGOs and institutions, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) Relevant cultural differences in diet depending on North African or sub-Saharan origin; (3) Seasonal migrant workers frequently suffer from nutritional and other health problems related to food security. The professionals interviewed described the diet of seasonal migrant workers as based on food with little variety, insufficient protein content, and obesogenic products. They also reported a generalized lack of hygiene in food storage and preparation. This study calls for encouraging dietary support strategies to reduce challenges in food accessibility, which would prevent health problems in this population and bring them social justice.
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Fazendeiros , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Migrantes , Humanos , Espanha , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Abastecimento de Alimentos , SARS-CoV-2 , Estações do Ano , Agricultura , Entrevistas como Assunto , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare anxiety and acute stress levels among nursing students who joined the labour market during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and those who did not. METHODS: A cross-sectional, multicentre descriptive study across three Spanish public universities. A total of 216 nursing students participated in our study. Data collection was carried through an online questionnaire, that included variables on conditions for entering the labour market, the Zung Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale and the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Overall, 42.6% (n=92) of the students entered the labour market during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The global anxiety score was x?=36.31 (SD=5.71) and the stress score was x?=82.39 (SD=30.84). Lower anxiety levels were observed among those who joined the labour market (x?=35.67; SD=5.78) as compared to those who did not (x?=36.73; SD=5.67). Overall 92.4% of the students were acutely stressed. Acute stress was higher among those who did not work (x?=84.35; SD=32.38) and significantly in women. Conclusions: Nursing students were able to cope with stress in situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. A healthy worker effect could not be ruled out. Stress and anxiety among nursing students should be considered by clinical practice preceptors and at the time students first enter the labour market.
OBJETIVO: Comparar los niveles de ansiedad y estrés agudo entre los/las estudiantes de enfermería que se incorporaron al trabajo durante la primera ola de la pandemia de COVID-19 y aquellos que no lo hicieron. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal multicéntrico realizado en tres universidades públicas españolas. Un total de 216 estudiantes de enfermería participaron en nuestro estudio. La recopilación de datos se realizó mediante un formulario en línea. Se recopilaron variables relacionadas con las condiciones para ingresar al mercado laboral y se incluyó la Escala de Autoevaluación de Ansiedad de Zung y el Cuestionario de Reacción Aguda al Estrés de Stanford. Se llevaron a cabo análisis univariados y multivariados. RESULTADOS: El 42,6% de los estudiantes ingresaron al mercado laboral. La puntuación global de ansiedad fue x?=36,31 (DE=5,71) y la puntuación de estrés fue x?=82,39 (DE=30,84). Los niveles más bajos de ansiedad se encontraron en aquellos que se incorporaron al mercado laboral (x?=35,67; DE=5,78), en comparación con aquellos que no lo hicieron (x?=36,73; DE=5,67). El 92,4% del total de alumnos presentaron estrés agudo. El estrés agudo fue mayor en aquellos que no trabajaron (x?=84,35; DE=32,38), y significativamente en mujeres. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de enfermería mostraron ser capaces de hacer frente al estrés en situaciones como la pandemia de COVID-19. No se puede descartar un efecto del trabajador sano. El estrés y ansiedad de los estudiantes de enfermería deben tenerse en cuenta por los tutores de prácticas clínicas y cuando se incorporan al mercado laboral por primera vez.
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Ansiedade , COVID-19 , Estresse Psicológico , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Estudantes de Enfermagem/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Espanha/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Inquéritos e Questionários , PandemiasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Migrant seasonal agricultural workers face conditions of material vulnerability such as inadequate housing difficulties prevent access to running water supplies. The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of professionals involved in the care and support of seasonal migrant agricultural workers, as it relates to water access and water consumption and their impact on these workers' health, in a context of COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A qualitative exploratory and descriptive study was conducted in 2021 as part of a larger research project, based on 63 personal semi-structured interviews with professionals who provided support to seasonal migrant agricultural workers in three Spanish autonomous regions. COREQ checklist was used for reporting. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and imported into ATLAS.ti-9 for an inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: The results have been structured into two main themes: (1) Accessing and obtaining water; and (2) Health problems related to water consumption. Seasonal migrant agricultural workers experience barriers to obtaining safe water for hygiene, cleaning, food preparation and drinking. The implementation of regulations to reduce COVID-19 transmission resulted in improved hygiene levels in the migrants' quarters, including access to safe drinking water. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that water insecurity experienced by migrant seasonal agricultural workers in Spain results from their poor living conditions and causes health problems related to a lack of hygiene and the use of unsafe water. Sustainable solutions are needed beyond the pandemic in order to provide migrant workers with adequate living conditions and ensure their water needs are fulfilled.
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COVID-19 , Migrantes , Humanos , Fazendeiros , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Pandemias , Insegurança Hídrica , Estações do Ano , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , AgriculturaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Identificar factores promotores, dificultades y estrategias para el inicio y continuación de la lactancia materna (LM), en base a la experiencia de mujeres lactantes. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico realizado en la Región de Murcia (España) en el 2019. Se reclutaron a veintisiete mujeres que alimentaron a sus hijos/as con LM en el periodo de 2012-2018 mediante una asociación de LM y un muestreo de bola de nieve. Se realizaron entrevistas personales abiertas y un análisis temático de las transcripciones. RESULTADOS: Se estructuraron en tres temas: 1) Facilidades para el inicio y mantenimiento de la LM, 2) Dificultades ante la LM y 3) Estrategias utilizadas por las mujeres para solventar las barreras. Mientras que la motivación para amamantar y el apoyo recibido facilitaron la LM, las barreras más comunes se relacionaron con miedos e inseguridades personales, cansancio, problemas físicos y la respuesta social frente a la LM. Los motivos de abandono fueron el déficit de producción de leche, la incorporación laboral y la actitud del bebé. Las participantes desarrollaron autocuidados, búsqueda de información y asociaciones de LM y estrategias de conciliación familiar-laboral para paliar las dificultades. CONCLUSIÓN: Es necesaria una mayor implicación por parte de las/os profesionales de la salud para apoyar a las mujeres a través de la herramienta de educación para la salud, el apoyo por pares y medidas institucionales que favorezcan la LM en el lugar de trabajo.
OBJECTIVE: To identify promoting factors, difficulties, and strategies related to the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding (BF), based on the experiences of breastfeeding women. METHODOLOGY: A phenomenological qualitative study conducted in the Region of Murcia (Spain) in 2019. Twenty-seven women who breastfed their children from 2012 to 2018 were recruited through a breastfeeding association and snowball sampling. Personal open interviews were conducted, and a thematic analysis of the transcriptions was performed. RESULTS: The findings were organized into three themes: 1) Facilitators for the initiation and maintenance of BF, 2) Difficulties faced during BF, and 3) Strategies employed by women to overcome the difficulties. While the motivation to breastfeed and provision of support facilitated BF, common challenges were noted, including personal fears and insecurities, fatigue, physical problems, and societal response to BF. Reasons for discontinuation included low milk production, the need to return to work, and the baby's attitude. Participants developed self-care practices, sought information, joined breastfeeding associations, and implemented work-family reconciliation strategies to address the challenges. CONCLUSION: Greater involvement from healthcare professionals is necessary to support women who breastfeed through health education, peer support, and institutional measures that promote BF in the workplace.
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PURPOSE: This qualitative evidence synthesis aimed to identify and integrate findings where adults with fibromyalgia discussed how they managed their pain, and their perceptions of prescribed treatments from healthcare professionals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive search strategy was implemented in PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cinahl Plus databases. The GRADE-CERQual framework was used to evaluate the findings confidence. The findings were analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. RESULTS: A total of 35 studies (N = 728) were included. The confidence in the findings ranged from high to low confidence. Patients with fibromyalgia often do not benefit from seeking medical attention due to provider stigma, and have varying views on medication effectiveness commonly reporting feeling like "walking chemists." They find mixed effects from exercise, and consider psychological support essential, although the benefits of cognitive-behavioral therapy were controversial. Combining cognitive-behavioral therapy with physical exercise appears more effective, while natural and complementary therapies have short-term benefits and high costs. CONCLUSIONS: Pain management is a source for frustration and an unmet need for patients with fibromyalgia. The current findings provide crucial insight for providers and researchers; and support the need for fibromyalgia phenotyping and precision medicine approaches to pain management.Implications for RehabilitationChronic widespread pain is the defining feature of fibromyalgia, yet pain reduction is often an unmet need for these individuals.The lack of effective treatments resulting in long-term relief proves frustrating for patients and healthcare providers.Rehabilitation professional should consider the unique insight into this complex, heterogeneous condition that this qualitative synthesis provides to better understand their patient's perspective on pain management.Given the differing perspectives on pain treatment approaches individuals with fibromyalgia report, providers should discuss with each patient their current strategies and take a patient-centered, individualized approach to form an effective treatment plan.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the experiences of primary healthcare (PHC) midwives with the implementation of telemedicine in pregnancy and puerperium care during the Covid-19 pandemic. METHOD: Exploratory qualitative study based on an inductive content analysis of 15 semi-structured interviews with intentionally selected PHC midwives in four Spanish Autonomous Regions, during 2021-22. RESULTS: Five categories were identified: (1) changes in the modality of care in pregnancy and puerperium: prioritization of pregnant women, unprotected puerperium, an increase of home visits and decline of parental education groups, (2) implementation of telemedicine in a changing scenario: the positive and negative side of telemedicine (3) reaction of women to telemedicine (4) strategies implemented by midwives for a humanized care, (5) learning for the future. CONCLUSIONS: The use of telemedicine by primary healthcare midwives enabled the care of pregnant and postpartum women during the pandemic in Spain. The positive aspects of the implementation of this type of care raise possibilities for change towards a hybrid format of healthcare.
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COVID-19 , Tocologia , Telemedicina , Feminino , Gravidez , Humanos , Pandemias , Espanha , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à SaúdeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to deepen current knowledge of the phenomenon of gender-based violence (GVB) among young people in Spain, identifying the main challenges in terms of prevention from the perspective of key stakeholders in the field. METHODS: 23 semi-structured qualitative interviews were performed with professionals whose work involves youth and comes from different areas: social work, policy making, youth education, feminist and LGBTQ activism and anti-violence masculinities engagement (13 women and 10 men). RESULTS: Among the main challenges identified by stakeholders in relation to GBV preventive strategies in young populations there is a need to focus on transformative programmes within educational settings. The findings indicate that specific programs and interventions in this area may not be yielding the expected effectiveness. This outcome could be attributed less to a lack of resources and more to a failure to address the core issues and challenges adequately. Thus, the results underline that intervention programmes should emphasise equitable gender norms and gender relations and incorporate content on anti-violence masculinities. Finally, a pivotal aspect seen by professionals to facilitate GBV prevention is the design and development of interventions based on participatory and active approaches, close to young people's everyday situations. The results also draw attention to the need to analyse the impact of new forms of violence in greater depth, especially those that occur through information and communication technologies. CONCLUSION: Among other implications for policy and practice, the study points to the need to articulate interventions designed to work simultaneously at different levels of influence acting on people.
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Violência de Gênero , Masculino , Adolescente , Humanos , Feminino , Violência de Gênero/prevenção & controle , Espanha , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Violência/prevenção & controle , Relações InterpessoaisRESUMO
AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To describe the experiences of nursing students and their mental health as they entered employment during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (May-June 2020). BACKGROUND: As other healthcare professionals, nursing students who worked during the first COVID-19 wave suffered from dysfunctional mental health symptoms. DESIGN: Sequential, mixed-method, multicentre study. METHODS: The study population comprised 92 students in the third and fourth year of the Nursing degree at three Spanish universities, who entered employment during the pandemic. Data were collected between May and June 2020. In the quantitative phase, data were collected using an online questionnaire containing both validated anxiety and stress scales. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 participants. A descriptive analysis of the quantitative data and a reflexive thematic analysis of the qualitative data were carried out, and analyses were combined. COREQ checklist was used for reporting. RESULTS: The combined quantitative and qualitative results were organised into five thematic areas: (1) Interruption of clinical placements, (2) Entering employment on a healthcare assistant contract, (3) Preventing contagion, (4) Adapting to the situation and managing emotions, and (5) Lessons learned. CONCLUSION: The students had a positive overall experience of entering employment, as they were able to develop their nursing skills. However, they had an emotional impact in form of stress caused by excessive responsibility, academic uncertainty, lack of personal protective equipment and training in its use, and the possibility of spreading disease to their family members. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: In the current context, changes must be made in study programmes to instruct nursing students to be able to cope with extreme clinical situations, such as pandemics. The programmes should include a more extensive coverage of epidemics and pandemics and management of emotional aspects such as resilience.
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COVID-19 , Bacharelado em Enfermagem , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Emprego , Bacharelado em Enfermagem/métodos , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Physiotherapists had faced a new healthcare scenario characterised by the restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. PURPOSE: To explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physiotherapy profession from the perspective of physiotherapists working in the public and private sectors. METHODS: Qualitative study based on semi-structured personal interviews with 16 physiotherapists working in public, private, or public-private partnership sectors in Spain. The data were collected between March and June 2020. Inductive qualitative content analysis was performed. RESULTS: The participants (13 women, 3 men; aged 24-44 years) had professional experience in diverse healthcare settings (primary, hospital, home, consultations, insurance companies, associations). Five categories were identified: (1) the impact of lockdown on the health of physiotherapy users; (2) managing the demand for physiotherapy services during lockdown; (3) introducing protocols and protective measures in physiotherapy consultations; (4) changes in therapeutic approaches; and (5) future expectations in the physiotherapy care model. Physiotherapists perceived that lockdown caused a decline in the functionality of people with chronic conditions, together with a reduction in the physiotherapy services. Difficulties in prioritising users considered urgent became evident, and the inclusion of prophylactic measures affected treatment duration differently depending on the care setting and the pandemic prompted the use of telerehabilitation. DISCUSSION: The pandemic affected the functional status of chronic physiotherapy users and made treatment time, quality of care and triage protocols visible. In physiotherapy, technological barriers need to be solved, such as digital literacy, families without resources, situations of dependency and cultural barriers.
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COVID-19 , Fisioterapeutas , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Espanha , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted work-family balance due to lockdown measures. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of working mothers in Spain and the consequences of trying to balance work and family for their health and wellbeing. We conducted a qualitative study based on 18 semi-structured interviews with mothers of children under 10. Five themes were identified: (1) Telework-characteristics and challenges of a new labor scenario; (2) Survival and chaos-inability to work, look after children, and manage a household at the same time; (3) Is co-responsibility a matter of luck?-challenges when sharing housework during lockdown; (4) Breakdown of the care and social support system; and (5) decline in health of women trying to balance work and family life. Mothers who had to balance telework against family life suffered physical, mental, and social effects, such as anxiety, stress, sleep deprivation, and relationship problems. This study suggests that, in situations of crisis, gender inequality increases in the household, and women tend to shift back to traditional gendered roles. Governments and employers should be made aware of this, and public policies should be implemented to facilitate work-family reconciliation and co-responsibility within couples.
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COVID-19 , Mulheres Trabalhadoras , Criança , Humanos , Feminino , Pandemias , Teletrabalho , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Controle de Doenças TransmissíveisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hegemonic masculinity has been recognized as contributing to the perpetration of different forms of gender-based violence (GBV). Abandoning hegemonic masculinities and promoting positive masculinities are both strategies used by interventions that foreground a "gender-transformative approach." Preventing GBV among young people could be strengthened by engaging young men. In this article, we aim to systematically review the primary characteristics, methodological quality, and results of published evaluation studies of educational interventions that aim to prevent different forms of GBV through addressing hegemonic masculinities among young people. MAIN BODY: We conducted a systematic review of available literature (2008-2019) using Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, PsycInfo, the CINAHL Complete Database, and ERIC as well as Google scholar. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication was used for data extraction, and the quality of the selected studies was analyzed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. More than half of the studies were conducted in Africa (n = 10/15) and many were randomized controlled trials (n = 8/15). Most of the studies with quantitative and qualitative methodologies (n = 12/15) reported a decrease in physical GBV and/or sexual violence perpetration/victimization (n = 6/15). Longitudinal studies reported consistent results over time. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the importance of using a gender-transformative approach in educational interventions to engage young people in critical thinking about hegemonic masculinity and to prevent GBV.
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Vítimas de Crime , Violência de Gênero , Delitos Sexuais , Masculino , Humanos , Adolescente , Masculinidade , Violência de Gênero/prevenção & controle , Delitos Sexuais/prevenção & controle , ÁfricaRESUMO
Introduction: Health care providers are increasingly required to provide care to patients from diverse cultural backgrounds. A culturally competent approach could be used to address gaps in the health care of migrants, whether they are refugees, asylum seekers, or undocumented migrants. From June 2021 onward, there are estimated to be 4,300 asylum seekers in Lithuania who crossed the Belarusian border. Furthermore, ~65 thousand Ukrainians registered within 6 months of the beginning of the war on 24 February 2022. Aim: To determine the cultural competence of Lithuanian nurses using the Nurse Cultural Competence Scale (NCCS) questionnaire. Methods: A quantitative study evaluating the cultural competency of nursing professionals will be conducted using the Lithuanian version of the Nurse Cultural Competence Scale (NCCS). The study will be conducted in Lithuanian municipalities and will involve primary, secondary, and tertiary health care providers. Discussion: This study will provide data that can guide the development and evaluation of interventions designed to reduce health disparities among migrants, including the need to identify the appropriate type of cultural competency training for nurses. In addition to the results of this study, it may provide an indication of other cultural competency required for nurses. This includes consideration of religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, household classifications on the basis of urban vs. rural areas, language spoken, and country of origin.
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Competência Cultural , Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Idioma , Lituânia , Identidade de GêneroRESUMO
Supporting women to disclose gender-based violence (GBV) is a central feature of how healthcare and other welfare services address this problem. In this paper we take a discursive approach to analyse the process of disclosing GBV from the perspectives of young women who have been subjected to GBV and professionals working in the welfare system. Through a reflective thematic analysis of 13 interviews with young women who have been subjected to GBV and 17 with professionals working in different sectors of the welfare system, we developed four themes about how disclosure is perceived: (i) as a conversation between acquaintances; (ii) as 'no solution'; (iii) as a possible prerequisite for action; and (iv) as difficult because GBV is normalised. Even if disclosure is not the solution per se, it makes it possible to respond institutionally to GBV on an individual basis through the figure of the expert professional who is alert to signs, knows how to support disclosure, and has the power to legitimate women's claims of GBV. We acknowledge the possibilities that supporting disclosure brings for women subjected to GBV, but at the same time, problematise that it can re-centre expertise in the professional and place the responsibility on women.
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Violência de Gênero , Humanos , Feminino , RevelaçãoRESUMO
AIM: To identify the job expectations and intolerance to uncertainty in final-year nursing students from three Spanish universities and evaluate the differences between them. DESIGN: Multicentre, mixed-methods study. METHODOLOGY: We included nursing students from three universities in Spain (Lleida, A Coruña and Murcia). Questionnaires were used to collect data on sociodemographic variables, job expectations and intolerance to uncertainty. In addition, in-depth personal interviews were conducted to complement quantitative data. Descriptive statistics were calculated and comparison tests (ANOVA, chi-square) were performed to analyse the differences between universities and a content analysis was carried out for qualitative data. RESULTS: The sample included 305 final-year nursing students enrolled in the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 courses, of which 21 participants were interviewed for the qualitative phase. Findings were reported based on four main themes: Expected employment conditions, perceptions of working conditions, job uncertainty and increased chances of getting a job by continuing education after finishing the nursing degree. Results showed that 92.13% of the students were concerned about their future employment. Analysis of the in-depth interviews highlighted the uncertainty of finding a job as a nurse and the anticipated precarious employment conditions (i.e. lack of stability stemming from daily or weekly temporary contracts) in case they managed to find work. Moreover, it was shown that these perceptions affect their health, leading to situations of anxiety, stress and negativity during their time as nursing students. Overall, 65.57% considered migrating outside their town/region to increase their job opportunities and 97.0% wanted to continue their education after finishing their degree, motivated by their vocation, professional aspirations and to increase their possibilities of finding work. CONCLUSION: Nursing students find themselves in a situation of great uncertainty before finishing their studies, anticipating a future with great stress and even frustration as a result of unemployment and job insecurity. They even consider the possibility of migrating when they finish their degree to increase their job opportunities. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the recruitment process of nurses in Spain through increased security and stability and thus contribute to reducing the stress and frustration of future nurses.
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Emprego , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Emprego/psicologia , Humanos , Motivação , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Espanha , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , IncertezaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To explore the perceptions of new mothers and fathers about the health care received during the transition to parenthood. METHOD: Qualitative study based on 12 semi-structured interviews with seven women who conformed a self-help group, and five of their partners, in Segovia, Spain (2018-2019). A qualitative content analysis was used. RESULTS: Five categories were identified: (1) health care received during the prenatal stage; (2) health care received during childbirth; (3) postpartum care for women; (4) health response during parenting; and (5) gestation and benefits of a self-help group. In the prenatal period they needed more information about childbirth and postpartum and preparation to support them in the transition to parenthood. In childbirth, there was a failure to meet expectations regarding the health care received. In the postpartum period, they expressed the need for greater follow-up of women from a biopsychosocial perspective. In pediatric visits, the importance of encouraging the participation of fathers was reported. Women stated that there are currently no health benefits that favor the establishment of support networks and safe spaces where they can express their feelings and emotions. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to reformulate existing spaces such as childbirth preparation classes and breastfeeding support groups, and to implement new strategies from the health care point of view. It is also essential to reinforce comprehensive, humanized health care that encourages parental involvement.
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Pai , Mães , Criança , Atenção à Saúde , Pai/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mães/psicologia , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Percepção , Gravidez , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
Agriculture is a niche market for migrant workers, and one of the sectors with the highest rates of accidents, deaths and work-related health problems. To review and synthesize existing literature on the health conditions of international migrant agricultural workers in Europe. A scoping review of scientific literature published until March 2021 was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, WoS and OpenGrey, following Arksey & O'Malley's theoretical framework where 5894 references were retrieved and screened. Nineteen articles were selected, reviewed and synthetized. The country with the highest number of studies published (n = 9) was Spain. The design of the studies was mainly cross-sectional (n = 13). The main health problems identified were: lower back pain and other musculoskeletal problems, dermatitis, gastrointestinal and respiratory infections, anxiety, stress, depression and barriers to access healthcare services. Migrant agricultural workers are a neglected population with conditions of vulnerability and precariousness, physical and mental health problems and poor working conditions. Interventions to reduce or eliminate language, cultural and administrative barriers to ensure access to healthcare services are needed, as well as designing a common European framework to protect the rights of migrant agricultural workers and their families.
Assuntos
Migrantes , Humanos , Fazendeiros , Estudos Transversais , Ocupações , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologiaRESUMO
El trabajo agrícola de temporada en España se caracteriza por un gran desgaste físico, un bajo requerimiento de cualificación y unas precarias condiciones laborales. Estos elementos han generado que los autóctonos hayan ido abandonando paulatinamente este nicho laboral para ser remplazados por migrantes internacionales de una amplia variedad de orígenes. Otra particularidad de este mercado laboral es la corta duración de los puestos de trabajo al vincularse con las temporadas de cosecha del producto agrícola. Así, a lo largo del año, diferentes campañas que atraen a miles de personas en la búsqueda de un trabajo, desde la recolección del fruto rojo en Huelva hasta a la cosecha de la fruta dulce en Lleida durante el verano, pasando por la agricultura intensiva de mayor duración como la horticultura murciana y almeriense. El movimiento constante entre las diferentes explotaciones agrarias ha llevado a que este colectivo sea conocido como los temporeros.
Assuntos
Migrantes , Fazendeiros , Humanos , Ocupações , Fatores Socioeconômicos , EspanhaRESUMO
AIMS: To explore the perceptions of nurses on the factors that influence their readiness to manage intimate partner violence (IPV) in Spain. DESIGN: Qualitative content analysis based on data from six different regions in Spain (Murcia, Region of Valencia, Castile and Leon, Cantabria, Catalonia, Aragon) collected between 2014 and 2016. METHODS: 37 personal interviews were carried out with nurses from 27 primary health care (PHC) centres and 10 hospitals. We followed the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research guidelines. Qualitative content analysis was supported by Atlas.ti and OpenCode. RESULTS: The results are organised into four categories corresponding to (1) acknowledging IPV as a health issue. An ongoing process; (2) the Spanish healthcare system and PHC service: a favourable space to address IPV although with some limitations; (3) nurses as a key figure for IPV in coordinated care and (4) factors involved in nurses' autonomy in their response to IPV, with their respective subcategories. CONCLUSION: In practice, nurses perceive responding to IPV as a personal choice, despite the institutional mandate to address IPV as a health issue. There is a need to increase continuous training and ensure IPV is included in the curriculum in university nursing undergraduate degrees, by disseminating the existing IPV protocols. Furthermore, coordination between healthcare professionals needs to be improved in terms of all levels of care and with other institutions.