Bright light increases blood pressure and rate-pressure product after a single session of aerobic exercise in men.

This study aimed to test whether bright light (BL) exposure attenuates the reduction in blood pressure (BP) postexercise compared to dim light (DL). Twenty healthy men (27 ± 5 years) randomly underwent two experimental sessions: one under BL (5000 lux) and another under dim light (DL <8lux). In each session, subjects executed a bout of aerobic exercise (cycle ergometer, 30 min, moderate intensity). BP (oscillometric) and heart rate (HR monitor) were measured, and rate-pressure-product (RPP) was calculated. Additionally, a 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was conducted after the sessions. Systolic BP decreased while HR increased significantly and similarly after the exercise in both sessions. Additionally, systolic BP levels were higher in BL than DL throughout the experimental session (Psession = 0.04). Diastolic (Pinteraction = 0.02) and mean (Pinteraction = 0.03) BPs decreased after exercise in DL (at 30 min), and increased in BL (at 60 and 90 min). RPP increased in both sessions postexercise, but with a main effect revealing higher levels throughout the experimental session in BL than DL (Psession = 0.04) and during the first 3 h of ABPM (p = 0.05). In healthy men, BL exposure increased systolic BP and cardiac work, and abolished the postexercise decreases of diastolic and mean BPs.

Identifying an acceptable number of ambulatory blood pressure measurements for accuracy of average blood pressure and nocturnal dipping status.

We aimed to identify the minimum number of ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) measures to accurately determine daytime and nighttime systolic blood pressure (BP) averages and nocturnal dipping status (i.e., relative daytime:nighttime change). A total of 43 midlife participants wore an ABP monitor for 24 h with measurements every 20/30 min during the daytime/nighttime, as identified by a sleep diary. We calculated daytime/nighttime systolic BP average and dipping status from all available measurements per participant (i.e., normative data). We then calculated daytime and nighttime BP per participant based on a random selection of 8-20 and 4-10 measurements and replicated random selections 1,000 times. We calculated accuracy by checking the proportion from 1,000 different randomly selected samples for a particular number of measurements that systolic BP was ±5 mmHg of normative data, and dipping status remained unchanged for each participant compared with the normative value. The best fit for the regression model estimated the minimal number of measurements for an accuracy of 95% in BP averages. For a 95% accuracy in estimating daytime and nighttime systolic BP, 11 daytime and 8 nighttime measurements were required. The highest accuracy for dipping status was 91.6 ± 13.4% using 20 daytime and 10 nighttime measures, while the lowest was (83.4 ± 15.1%) using 8 daytime and 4 nighttime measures. In midlife adults, 11 daytime and 8 nighttime measurements are likely enough to calculate average systolic BPs accurately. However, no minimum number is suggested to accurately calculate dipping status.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that a minimum of 11 blood pressure (BP) measures are necessary to calculate an accurate average daytime BP, and 8 nighttime measures are necessary to calculate an accurate nighttime average if 95% accuracy is acceptable. Regarding BP dipping status, the current recommendations (20 daytime/7 nighttime) inaccurately classified the dipping status 10.5% of the time, suggesting that guidelines may need to be updated to classify patients as nocturnal dippers or nondippers correctly.

Prevalence of neonatal screening and associated factors in Brazil: a comparison of the 2013 and 2019 National Health Surveys. / Prevalência e fatores associados à realização dos exames de triagem neonatal no Brasil: comparação da PNS 2013 e 2019.

This study analyzed the prevalence of complete neonatal screening (CNS) of children aged under 2 years in Brazil and associated factors using data from the 2013 (n=4,442) and 2019 (n=5,643) national health surveys. We conducted a cross-sectional study to compare prevalence of CNS (eye, ear and heel prick tests) adopting 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and a 5% significance level. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression was performed to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95%CI to assess the association between socioeconomic, demographic and health variables and CNS. There was a statistically significant increase in CNS prevalence, from 49.2% (95%CI: 47.1-51.3) in 2013 to 67.4% (95%CI: 65.5-69.3) in 2019. However, large disparities persist across states and between sociodemographic groups. In both years, CNS prevalence was lowest among brown and black children, those from families in the three lowest income quintiles, children without health insurance, those from families registered in the Family Health Strategy and children living in the North, cities outside the state capital/metropolitan regions and rural areas. Despite the increase in prevalence of CNS, deep individual and contextual inequalities persist, posing challenges for health policies.

Analisou-se a prevalência e fatores associados à realização da Triagem Neonatal Completa (TNC) entre crianças (<2 anos de idade) no Brasil incluídas na Pesquisa Nacional Saúde 2013 (n=4.442) e 2019 (n=5.643). Estudo transversal comparou as estimativas de prevalência e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) da TNC (testes do olhinho, orelhinha e pezinho). Diferenças foram consideradas estatisticamente significante ao nível de 5%. Regressões de Poisson bruta e ajustada foram realizadas para estimar Razões de Prevalência (RP) e IC95% para a associação das variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e de saúde com a TNC. Verificou-se aumento estatisticamente significante da TNC: 67,4% (IC95%: 65,5-69,3) em 2019, ante 49,2% (IC95%: 47,1-51,3) em 2013. Porém, ainda existem desigualdades e defasagens entre os estados da federação e variáveis sociodemográficas. Entre os anos, a TNC foi menor nas crianças de cor/raça parda e preta, dos três piores quintis de renda, sem plano de saúde, cadastradas na Estratégia de Saúde da Família, da região norte, de cidades do interior e da zona rural do Brasil. Apesar de o aumento da prevalência de TNC, desigualdades e defasagens individuais e contextuais permaneceram, indicando os desafios das políticas de saúde.

Prevalência e fatores associados à realização dos exames de triagem neonatal no Brasil: comparação da PNS 2013 e 2019 / Prevalence of neonatal screening and associated factors in Brazil: a comparison of the 2013 and 2019 National Health Surveys

Resumo Analisou-se a prevalência e fatores associados à realização da Triagem Neonatal Completa (TNC) entre crianças (<2 anos de idade) no Brasil incluídas na Pesquisa Nacional Saúde 2013 (n=4.442) e 2019 (n=5.643). Estudo transversal comparou as estimativas de prevalência e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) da TNC (testes do olhinho, orelhinha e pezinho). Diferenças foram consideradas estatisticamente significante ao nível de 5%. Regressões de Poisson bruta e ajustada foram realizadas para estimar Razões de Prevalência (RP) e IC95% para a associação das variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e de saúde com a TNC. Verificou-se aumento estatisticamente significante da TNC: 67,4% (IC95%: 65,5-69,3) em 2019, ante 49,2% (IC95%: 47,1-51,3) em 2013. Porém, ainda existem desigualdades e defasagens entre os estados da federação e variáveis sociodemográficas. Entre os anos, a TNC foi menor nas crianças de cor/raça parda e preta, dos três piores quintis de renda, sem plano de saúde, cadastradas na Estratégia de Saúde da Família, da região norte, de cidades do interior e da zona rural do Brasil. Apesar de o aumento da prevalência de TNC, desigualdades e defasagens individuais e contextuais permaneceram, indicando os desafios das políticas de saúde.

Abstract This study analyzed the prevalence of complete neonatal screening (CNS) of children aged under 2 years in Brazil and associated factors using data from the 2013 (n=4,442) and 2019 (n=5,643) national health surveys. We conducted a cross-sectional study to compare prevalence of CNS (eye, ear and heel prick tests) adopting 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and a 5% significance level. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression was performed to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95%CI to assess the association between socioeconomic, demographic and health variables and CNS. There was a statistically significant increase in CNS prevalence, from 49.2% (95%CI: 47.1-51.3) in 2013 to 67.4% (95%CI: 65.5-69.3) in 2019. However, large disparities persist across states and between sociodemographic groups. In both years, CNS prevalence was lowest among brown and black children, those from families in the three lowest income quintiles, children without health insurance, those from families registered in the Family Health Strategy and children living in the North, cities outside the state capital/metropolitan regions and rural areas. Despite the increase in prevalence of CNS, deep individual and contextual inequalities persist, posing challenges for health policies.

Booklet and Motivational Interviewing to Promote Self-efficacy in Parents/Caregivers of Children with Asthma: A Clinical Trial.

Background: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood which accounts for numerous annual hospitalizations due to a lack of management and proper management of the disease. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of using an educational booklet with or without combination with motivational interviewing (MI) on the self-efficacy of parents/caregivers in the control and management of childhood asthma. Methods: A clinical trial was carried out with 86 parents/caregivers of children with asthma aged between 2 and 12 years who were followed up in primary health care units from March 2019 to December 2020. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: one of the groups read the booklet and the other read the booklet combined with the MI. The Brazilian version of the Self-Efficacy and Their Child's Level of Asthma Control scale was applied before and 30 days after the intervention for assessment of self-efficacy. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and R 3.6.3 software. P values<0.05 were considered significant. Results: There were 46 participants in the booklet group and 40 in the booklet and MI group. Both groups were effective in increasing total self-efficacy scores after the intervention (P<0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between the scores of the two groups (P=0.257). Conclusion: The educational booklet with or without combination with MI can increase the self-efficacy of parents/caregivers of children with asthma. The findings could be considered by healthcare providers for the empowerment of caregivers of children with asthma in the control and management of their children's asthma.Trial Registration Number: U1111-1254-7256.

Evening but not morning aerobic training improves sympathetic activity and baroreflex sensitivity in elderly patients with treated hypertension.

The blood pressure-lowering effect of aerobic training is preceded by improving cardiovascular autonomic control. We previously demonstrated that aerobic training conducted in the evening (ET) induces a greater decrease in blood pressure than morning training (MT). To study whether the greater blood pressure decrease after ET occurs through better cardiovascular autonomic regulation, this study aimed to compare MT versus ET on muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in treated patients with hypertension. Elderly patients treated for hypertension were randomly allocated into MT (n = 12, 07.00-10.00 h) or ET (n = 11, 17.00-20.00 h) groups. Both groups trained for 10 weeks, 3 times/week, cycling for 45 min at moderate intensity. Beat-to-beat blood pressure (finger photoplethysmography), heart rate (electrocardiography) and MSNA (microneurography) were assessed at the initial and final phases of the study at baseline and during sequential bolus infusions of sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine (modified-Oxford technique) to evaluate cardiac and sympathetic BRS. Mean blood pressure decreased significantly after ET but not after MT (-9 ± 11 vs. -1 ± 8 mmHg, P = 0.042). MSNA decreased significantly only after ET with no change after MT (-12 ± 5 vs. -3 ± 7 bursts/100 heart beats, P = 0.013). Sympathetic BRS improved after ET but not after MT (-0.8 ± 0.7 vs. 0.0 ± 0.8 bursts/100 heart beats/mmHg, P = 0.052). Cardiac BRS improved similarly in both groups (ET: +1.7 ± 1.8 vs. MT: +1.4 ± 1.9 ms/mmHg, Pphase  ≤ 0.001). In elderly patients treated for hypertension, only ET decreased mean blood pressure and MSNA and improved sympathetic BRS. These findings revealed that the sympathetic nervous system has a key role in ET's superiority to MT in blood pressure-lowering effect. KEY POINTS: Reducing muscle nerve sympathetic activity and increasing sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity plays a key role in promoting the greater blood pressure reduction observed with evening training. These findings indicated that simply changing the timing of exercise training may offer additional benefits beyond antihypertensive medications, such as protection against sympathetic overdrive and loss of baroreflex sensitivity, independent markers of mortality. Our new findings also suggest new avenues of investigation, such as the possibility that evening aerobic training may be beneficial in other clinical conditions with sympathetic overdrive, such as congestive heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

A single session of aerobic exercise reduces systolic blood pressure at rest and in response to stress in women with rheumatoid arthritis and hypertension.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by increased risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension (HT). A single session of aerobic exercise may reduce blood pressure (BP) in different clinical groups; however, little is known about the acute effects of exercise on BP in RA patients. This is a randomized controlled crossover study that assessed the effects of a single session of aerobic exercise on resting BP, on BP responses to stressful stimuli, and on 24-h BP in women with RA and HT. Twenty women with RA and HT (53 ± 10 years) undertook sessions of 30-min treadmill exercise (50% VO2max) or control (no exercise) in a crossover fashion. Before and after the sessions, BP was measured at rest, and in response to the Stroop-Color Word Test (SCWT), the Cold Pressor Test (CPT), and an isometric handgrip test. After the sessions, participants were also fitted with an ambulatory BP monitor for the assessment of 24-h BP. A single session of exercise reduced resting systolic BP (SBP) (-5 ± 9 mmHg; p < 0.05), and reduced SBP response to the SCWT (-7 ± 14 mmHg; p < 0.05), and to the CPT (-5 ± 11 mmHg; p < 0.05). Exercise did not reduce resting diastolic BP (DBP), BP responses to the isometric handgrip test or 24-h BP. In conclusion, a single session of aerobic exercise reduced SBP at rest and in response to stressful stimuli in hypertensive women with RA. These results support the use of exercise as a strategy for controlling HT and, hence, reducing cardiovascular risk in women with RA.Clinical Trial Registration: This study registered at the Brazilian Clinical Trials ( https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-867k9g ) at 12/13/2019.

Chronological distribution of readings in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring exams affects the nighttime average and the magnitude of blood pressure dipping.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Averaged nighttime blood pressure (BP) is superior to daytime BP for cardiovascular risk stratification, and the relative change between daytime/nighttime BP (dipping%) significantly predicts cardiovascular risk. Newer reports suggest that 4 measurements at night may be enough for cardiovascular risk stratification. Since BP oscillates across the night, the temporal distribution of measurements across the night may impact nighttime BP and dipping%. Therefore, we compared average nighttime BP and dipping% when using measurements in the first half (1st-half), second (2nd-half), and a combination of both (combined). METHODS: Forty-three (17 females and twenty-six males) midlife adults aged 50±10 years old wore an ambulatory BP monitor for 24 hours at home, programmed to measure BP every 20 minutes when scheduled for daytime and every 30 minutes during a self-selected 8-hour nighttime for time-in-bed. We compared the nighttime BP averages and dipping% when using either the first four measurements from the 1st-half or 2nd-half of the nighttime and combined. RESULTS: Nighttime Systolic BP was significantly different across 1st-half, 2nd-half, and combined (111±9 vs.107±11 vs. 109±9 mmHg, p<0.01), respectively, with significant pairwise differences across all categories (p<0.01 for each). Systolic BP dipping% was significantly different across 1st-half, 2nd-half, and combined (9.9±5.5 vs.13.5±6.4 vs. 11.7±5.0 %, p<0.01), respectively, with significant pairwise differences across all categories (p<0.01 for each. Diastolic BP and diastolic dipping% were similar across the three different bins. CONCLUSION: In midlife adults, systolic nighttime BP and dipping% may depend upon when BP measurements are taken during the night.

Can blood pressure decrease after maximal exercise test predict the blood pressure lowering effect of aerobic training in treated hypertensive men?

The acute decrease in blood pressure (BP) observed after a session of exercise (called post-exercise hypotension) has been proposed as a tool to predict the chronic reduction in BP induced by aerobic training. Therefore, this study investigated whether post-exercise hypotension observed after a maximal exercise test is associated to the BP-lowering effect of aerobic training in treated hypertensives. Thirty hypertensive men (50 ± 8 years) who were under consistent anti-hypertensive treatment underwent a maximal exercise test (15 watts/min until exhaustion), and post-exercise hypotension was determined by the difference between BP measured before and at 30 min after the test. Subsequently, the patients underwent 10 weeks of aerobic training (3 times/week, 45 min/session at moderate intensity), and the BP-lowering effect of training was assessed by the difference in BP measured before and after the training period. Pearson correlations were employed to evaluate the associations. Post-maximal exercise test hypotension was observed for systolic and mean BPs (-8 ± 6 and -2 ± 4 mmHg, all P < 0.05). Aerobic training reduced clinic systolic/diastolic BPs (-5 ± 6/-2 ± 3 mmHg, both P < 0.05) as well as awake and 24 h mean BPs (-2 ± 6 and -2 ± 5 mmHg, all P < 0.05). No significant correlation was detected between post-exercise hypotension and the BP-lowering effect of training either for clinic or ambulatory BPs (r values ranging from 0.00 to 0.32, all p > 0.05). Post-exercise hypotension assessed 30 min after a maximal exercise test cannot be used to predict the BP-lowering effect of aerobic training in treated hypertensive men.

Motivação ao seguimento terapêutico das doenças cardiovasculares: revisão integrativa / Motivation for therapeutic follow-up of cardiovascular diseases: integrative review

Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares são uma grande preocupação para a saúde mundial. A falta de seguimento terapêutico dessas doenças está associada com o alto risco de eventos cardiovasculares. Compreender os elementos que motivam essa adesão pode impulsionar a elaboração de intervenções mais efetivas. Objetivo: Identificar os elementos reguladores da motivação ao seguimento terapêutico das doenças cardiovasculares. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa segundo as diretrizes de Whitemore e Knafl. Realizou-se a seleção dos artigos entre dezembro de 2020 e janeiro de 2021 nas bases de dados: LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE e Cochrane Library, com recorte temporal de 2011 a 2021, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Foram excluídos os artigos de revisão, reflexão, guidelines, protocolos de pesquisa e artigos repetidos. 19 estudos foram selecionados. Resultados: Estudos oriundos de 12 países, mostraram os reguladores de motivação ao tratamento das doenças cardiovasculares em cinco categorias: suporte social, saúde física, autodeterminação, reguladores psicoemocionais e sistemas de cuidado. Conclusão: A motivação apresenta regulações complexas, que mobilizam e potencializam o comportamento humano. Os resultados podem direcionar a assistência de enfermagem e as ações intencionais que influenciem no seguimento terapêutico de doenças cardiovasculares, melhorando os resultados de saúde.

Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son una preocupación importante para la salud mundial. La falta de seguimiento terapéutico de estas enfermedades se asocia con un alto riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares. Comprender los elementos que motivan esta adherencia puede impulsar el desarrollo de intervenciones más efectivas. Objetivo: Identificar los elementos reguladores de la motivación para el seguimiento terapéutico de las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora, siguiendo los lineamientos de Whitemore y Knafl. La selección de artículos se realizó entre diciembre de 2020 y enero de 2021 en las bases de datos LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE y Cochrane Library. El marco temporal establecido para la selección fue de 2011 a 2021 y los idiomas fueron portugués, inglés y español. Se excluyeron artículos de revisión, reflexiones, guías, protocolos de investigación y artículos repetidos. Se seleccionaron 19 artículos. Resultados: Estudios de 12 países mostraron los reguladores de la motivación para el tratamiento de enfermedades cardiovasculares en cinco categorías: apoyo social, salud física, autodeterminación, reguladores psicoemocionales y sistemas de atención. Conclusión: En esencia, la motivación tiene regulaciones complejas que movilizan y mejoran el comportamiento humano. Los resultados pueden orientar los cuidados de enfermería y las acciones intencionales que influyen en el seguimiento terapéutico de las enfermedades cardiovasculares, mejorando los resultados de salud.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are a major concern for global health. The lack of therapeutic follow-up for these diseases is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events. Understanding the elements that motivate this adherence can prompt the development of more effective interventions. Objective: To identify the regulatory elements that regulate the motivation for the therapeutic follow-up of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: This is an integrative review following Whitemore and Knafl's guidelines. The articles were selected between December 2020 and January 2021 in the databases: LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library, with a time frame from 2011 to 2021, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Review articles, reflections, guidelines, research protocols, and repeated articles were excluded. 19 articles were selected. Results: Studies from 12 countries showed the regulators of motivation for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in five categories: social support, physical health, self-determination, psycho-emotional regulators and care systems. Conclusion: In essence, motivation has complex regulations that mobilize and enhance human behavior. The results can guide nursing care and intentional actions that influence the therapeutic follow-up of cardiovascular diseases, improving health outcomes.

Educação física escolar: Notas reflexivas e propositivas a partir da bio/psico/necropolítica / School physical education (spe): Reflexive and propositive notes from bio/psycho/necropolitics / Educación física en escuelas (efe): Notas reflexivas y propositivas desde la bío/psico/necropolítica

O presente texto aproxima o processo de ensino-aprendizagem da cultura corporal de movimento a três pensadores contemporâneos acerca do controle social do corpo: Michel Foucault, Byung-Chul Han e Achille Mbembe. Em especial, este ensaio teve como objetivo apresentar os conceitos de biopolítica, psicopolítica e necropolítica a fim de articulá-los com o campo da Educação Física escolar (EFE) em termos de reflexões e proposições pedagógicas. Por meio de uma revisão narrativa, foi possível identificar as potencialidades da compreensão dos dispositivos de poder que atravessam as distintas dimensões do humano e como a EFE se constitui como um espaço privilegiado para o debate acerca da cultura somática na contemporaneidade.

This manuscript associates the teaching-learning process with physical culture by three contemporary intellectuals on social control of the body: Michel Foucault, Byung-Chul Han and Achille Mbembe. This essay aims at relating concepts of bio-, psycho- and necropolitics with SPE concerning pedagogical reflections and propositions. From a narrative review, it has been identified the potentialities of comprehending the apparatus of power that cross distinct dimensions of human and how the SPE sets itself as a privileged space to discuss somatic culture in the contemporaneity.

Este manuscrito asocia el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la cultura física con tres intelectuales contemporáneos sobre el control social del cuerpo: Michel Foucault, Byung-Chul Han y Achille Mbembe. Él ensayo tuvo como objetivo relacionar conceptos de bio, psico y necropolítica con la EFE en términos de reflexiones y proposiciones pedagógicas. A través de una revisión narrativa, se han identificado las potencialidades de comprensión de los dispositivos de poder que atraviesan distintas dimensiones del ser humano y cómo la EFE se erige como un espacio privilegiado de discusión sobre la cultura somática contemporánea.

In silico evaluation of genomic characteristics of Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius for application in fermentations.

This study aims to evaluate the in silico genomic characteristics of Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius, isolated from Coalho cheese from Paraíba, Brazil, with a view to application in lactic fermentations. rRNA sequences from the 16S ribosomal region were used as input to GenBank, in the search for patterns that could reveal a non-pathogenic behavior of S. infantarius subsp. infantarius, comparing mobile genetic elements, antibiotic resistance genes, pan-genome analysis and multi-genome alignment among related species. S. infantarius subsp. infantarius CJ18 was the only complete genome reported by BLAST/NCBI with high similarity and after comparative genetics with complete genomes of Streptococcus agalactiae (SAG153, NJ1606) and Streptococcus thermophilus (ST106, CS18, IDCC2201, APC151) revealed that CJ18 showed a low number of transposases and integrases, infection by phage bacteria of the Streptococcus genus, absence of antibiotic resistance genes and presence of bacteriocin, folate and riboflavin producing genes. The genome alignment revealed that the collinear blocks of S. thermophilus ST106 and S. agalactiae SAG153 have inverted blocks when compared to the CJ18 genome due to gene positioning, insertions and deletions. Therefore, the strains of S. infantarius subsp. infantarius isolated from Coalho cheese from Paraíba showed genomic similarity with CJ18 and the mobility of genes analyzed in silico showed absence of pathogenicity throughout the genome of CJ18, indicating the potential of these strains for the dairy industry.

Chronobiology of Exercise: Evaluating the Best Time to Exercise for Greater Cardiovascular and Metabolic Benefits.

Physiological function fluctuates across 24 h due to ongoing daily patterns of behaviors and environmental changes, including the sleep/wake, rest/activity, light/dark, and daily temperature cycles. The internal circadian system prepares the body for these anticipated behavioral and environmental changes, helping to orchestrate optimal cardiovascular and metabolic responses to these daily changes. In addition, circadian disruption, caused principally by exposure to artificial light at night (e.g., as occurs with night-shift work), increases the risk for both cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity and mortality. Regular exercise is a countermeasure against cardiovascular and metabolic risk, and recent findings suggest that the cardiovascular benefits on blood pressure and autonomic control are greater with evening exercise compared to morning exercise. Moreover, exercise can also reset the timing of the circadian system, which raises the possibility that appropriate timing of exercise could be used to counteract circadian disruption. This article introduces the overall functional relevance of the human circadian system and presents the evidence surrounding the concepts that the time of day that exercise is performed can modulate the cardiovascular and metabolic benefits. Further work is needed to establish exercise as a tool to appropriately reset the circadian system following circadian misalignment to preserve cardiovascular and metabolic health. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3621-3639, 2022.

Masculinidades no voleibol: precarização, agência e resistência em narrativas de jovens atletas / Masculinidades en voleibol: precariedad, agencia y resistencia en narrativas de jóvenes atletas / Masculinities in volleyball: precariousness, agency and resistance in narratives of young athletes

Resumo: Discutem-se neste artigo os processos de identificação e significação das masculinidades nas experiências narradas de jovens atletas de voleibol. Para isso, mobilizam-se as teorizações de Jacques Derrida, Judith Butler e Leonor Arfuch para produção e problematização de narrativas. Os relatos de dois sujeitos que se identificavam como homossexuais apontaram para a negação da orientação sexual e regulação de suas performatizações de masculinidade nos espaços de desenvolvimento do esporte. Ainda que apreendidos numa condição alta de precariedade, resistiam por agenciamentos diversos aos processos segregatórios que vivienciavam cotidianamente nos clubes.

Resumen: Este artículo discute los procesos de identificación y significación de las masculinidades en las experiencias narradas de jóvenes atletas de voleibol. Para eso, se movilizan las teorías de Jacques Derrida, Judith Butler y Leonor Arfuch para la producción y problematización de narrativas. Los relatos de dos sujetos que se identificaron como homosexuales señalaron la negación de la orientación sexual y la regulación de sus performatizaciones de masculinidad en los espacios de desarrollo deportivo. Aunque aprehendidos en una alta condición de precariedad, resistieron por varias agencias a los procesos de segregación que vivían a diario en los clubes.

Abstract: This article discusses the processes of identification and meaning of masculinities in the narrated experiences of young volleyball athletes. For this, the theories of Jacques Derrida, Judith Butler and Leonor Arfuch are mobilized for the production and problematization of narratives. The reports of two subjects who identified themselves as homosexuals pointed to the denial of sexual orientation and the regulation of their masculinity performances in the spaces of sport development. Although apprehended in a high condition of precariousness, they resisted through different agencies to the segregation processes that they experienced daily in the clubs.

Cardiovascular physiology and autonomic heart control principles: the use of a station rotation strategy to recall basic cardiovascular knowledge among exercise science students

Abstract Aim: Cardiovascular physiology learned by exercise science students is often quickly forgotten. We tested whether a state rotation model would help students to recall key principles of Cardiovascular Physiology (CV). Methods: Seventy-one undergraduate students enrolled in the Exercise Physiology Course at the School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, participated in the study. The students were randomly assigned into one of 4 stations, dedicated to recalling the concepts of the heart as a pump (e.g. preload, post-load, and contractility; station 1) and hemodynamics (e.g. serial and parallel conductance; station 2) by using the educational tool. Heart rate (HR) control by sympathetic nervous system activation (station 3) and HR control by vagal activation (station 4) were assessed by quantifying HR response to the Stroop color and word test and during face immersion in cold water, respectively. To evaluate the efficacy of the intervention, we used a Socrative app to launch eight multiple-choice questions before (PRE) and after (POST) the student's station rotation. The questions were related to the basic principles of exercise physiology and its consequences on the cardiovascular system. Results: The 4-station average score (% of corrected answers) achieved after the station rotation was higher than the score achieved before (71.21%, SD 14.50 vs. 31.07%, SD 18.04; for POST and PRE, respectively p < 0.005). Considering specific stations, the lowest score of corrected answers before the rotation was observed at station 2- hemodynamics when compared with station 1-heart as a pump and station 3/4 - autonomic control (18.9%, SD 0.9 vs. 46.5, SD 24.1 and 34.8, SD 2.1 for hemodynamics, heart as a pump and autonomic control, respectively). Interestingly, after the rotation, there was a significant increase in corrected scores for all stations (33.9, SD 9.8; 80.5, SD 4.6 and 90.2, SD 2.3, for hemodynamics, heart as a pump, and autonomic control, respectively). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the use of the educational tool was effective to recall CV principles that are essential to a better understanding of the CV responses to exercise and applying the concepts in exercise testing and prescription for different populations.

Knowledge of caregivers and factors associated with neuropsychomotor development in children / Conocimiento de los cuidadores y factores relacionados al desarrollo neuropsicomotor en niños / Conhecimento dos cuidadores e fatores associados ao desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor em crianças

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the knowledge of caregivers and the factors associated with neuropsychomotor development in children. Methods: a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, was conducted with 220 child-caregiver binomials attended in the public health services of the municipality of Parnaíba, State of Piauí. The study used the "Denver Test II" and the "Inventory of Child Development Knowledge". Results: the study classified 197 children with natural development and 23 with suspicious development. Caregivers with a higher level of knowledge about child development were associated with children with better development. The study considered caregiver knowledge, gestational age, and exclusive breastfeeding as protective factors for appropriate neuropsychomotor development when used the regression model. Conclusions: actions aimed at indicators that presented positive associations must be implemented to improve child development, such as educational activities to increase the level of knowledge of caregivers, improvement of prenatal monitoring, and encouragement of breastfeeding.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar el conocimiento de los cuidadores y factores relacionados al desarrollo neuropsicomotor en niños. Métodos: estudio transversal, de abordaje cuantitativo, realizado con 220 binomios niño-cuidador atendidos en los servicios públicos de salud del municipio de Parnaíba, estado de Piauí. Fue utilizado el "Test de Denver II" e "Inventario del Conocimiento de Desarrollo Infantil". Resultados: 197 niños fueron clasificados con desarrollo normal; y 23, con desarrollo sospechoso. Cuidadores con mayor nivel de conocimiento sobre el desarrollo infantil fueron relacionados a niños con mejor desarrollo. Mediante el modelo de regresión, se encontró conocimiento de los cuidadores, edad gestacional y lactancia materna exclusiva como factores protectores para un desarrollo neuropsicomotor adecuado. Conclusiones: para la mejora del desarrollo infantil, acciones destinadas a los indicadores que presentaron relaciones positivas deben ser realizadas, como actividades de educación para aumento del nivel de conocimiento de los cuidadores, mejora del acompañamiento prenatal e incentivo a lactancia materna.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar o conhecimento dos cuidadores e os fatores associados ao desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor em crianças. Métodos: estudo transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 220 binômios criança-cuidador atendidos nos serviços públicos de saúde do município de Parnaíba, estado do Piauí. Foi utilizado o "Teste de Denver II" e o "Inventário do Conhecimento de Desenvolvimento Infantil". Resultados: 197 crianças foram classificadas com desenvolvimento normal; e 23, com desenvolvimento suspeito. Cuidadores com maior nível de conhecimento sobre o desenvolvimento infantil foram associados a crianças com melhor desenvolvimento. Mediante o modelo de regressão, encontrou-se conhecimento dos cuidadores, idade gestacional e aleitamento materno exclusivo como fatores protetores para um desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor adequado. Conclusões: para a melhora do desenvolvimento infantil, ações destinadas aos indicadores que apresentaram associações positivas devem ser realizadas, como atividades de educação para aumento do nível de conhecimento dos cuidadores, melhora do acompanhamento pré-natal e incentivo ao aleitamento materno.

Knowledge of caregivers and factors associated with neuropsychomotor development in children.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the knowledge of caregivers and the factors associated with neuropsychomotor development in children. METHODS: a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, was conducted with 220 child-caregiver binomials attended in the public health services of the municipality of Parnaíba, State of Piauí. The study used the "Denver Test II" and the "Inventory of Child Development Knowledge". RESULTS: the study classified 197 children with natural development and 23 with suspicious development. Caregivers with a higher level of knowledge about child development were associated with children with better development. The study considered caregiver knowledge, gestational age, and exclusive breastfeeding as protective factors for appropriate neuropsychomotor development when used the regression model. CONCLUSIONS: actions aimed at indicators that presented positive associations must be implemented to improve child development, such as educational activities to increase the level of knowledge of caregivers, improvement of prenatal monitoring, and encouragement of breastfeeding.

Educação física no exame nacional do ensino médio: quando o gênero entra em campo / Physical education in the national high school exam: when gender takes the field / Educación física en el examen nacional de la escuela secundaria: cuando el género entra al campo

Mapeamos e analisamos neste artigo questões referentes aos temas "gênero" e "sexualidade" nos itens de Educação Física (EF) presen-tes no ENEM, entre os anos de 2009 e 2019. O estudo se caracterizou como qualitativo, descritivo e documental. Como referenciais teórico--metodológicos, utilizamos a análise de conteúdo e os estudos de gêne-ro pós-estruturalistas. Os resultados permitiram identificar cinco itens, dos quais um abordou aspectos relacionais do masculino e feminino e as demais focalizaram discussões sobre as mulheres no esporte ou a construção sociocultural de seus corpos. Avaliamos que as questões analisadas emergem como um espaço de resistência à vigilância e ao controle acerca da circulação do debate sobre gênero e sexualidade na Educação (AU).

We mapped and analyzed in this article questions related to the themes "gender" and "sexuality" in the items of Physical Education (PE) present in ENEM, between the years 2009 and 2019. The study was characterized as qualitative, descriptive and documentary. As theoretical-methodological references, we used content analysis and poststructuralist gender studies. The results allowed to identify five items, while only one addressed male and female relational aspects, the others focused on discussions about women in sport or the sociocultural construction of their bodies. We believe that the issues analyzed emerge as a space of resistance to surveillance and control over the circulation of the debate on gender and sexuality in Education (AU).

Mapeamos y analizamos en este artículo cuestiones relacionadas con los temas "género" y "sexualidad" en los ítems de Educación Física (EF) presentes en la ENEM entre los años 2009 y 2019. El estudio se caracterizó como cualitativo, descriptivo y documental. Como referentes teórico-metodológicos se utilizó la análisis de contenido y los estudios de género postestructuralistas. Los resultados permitieron identificar cinco ítems, uno de los cuales abordó aspectos relacionales entre masculinos y femeninos, mientras que los otros se centraron en discusiones sobre las mujeres en el deporte o en la construcción sociocultural de sus cuerpos. Creemos que los temas analizados emergen como un espacio de resistencia a la vigilancia y control sobre la circulación del debate sobre género y sexualidad en la Educación (AU)