Prevalence of Lower Cross Syndrome in Housemaids.

Introduction  Lower cross syndrome, also known as pelvic crossed syndrome, occurs if there is inadequate muscle strength, leading to an imbalance in the lower extremities. This condition is characterized by the weakening and tightening of muscle groups on the anterior and posterior aspects of the body. Mostly, there is weakness in the abdominal muscles, gluteus maximus, and gluteus medius, while there is tightness in the hip flexor muscle groups. There are various studies investigating musculoskeletal disorders across different professions, but there is no research on the prevalence of lower cross syndrome among housemaids. Housemaids frequently report complaints of joint pain and exhibit specific postural changes such as anterior pelvic tilt, increased lumbar lordosis, and lower back pain. Therefore, this research aims to fill this gap by determining the prevalence of lower cross syndrome within the housemaid profession. The study aims to find out the prevalence of lower cross syndrome among housemaids. Methodology A total of 75 housemaids between the ages of 35 and 50 years complaining of pain in the lower back were included in the study, and the housemaids with recent surgical histories and cognitive impairments were excluded. The evaluation was done by measuring the strength and range of motion (ROM) of the affected muscles. Outcome measures include the length of the iliopsoas muscle, measurement of the spinal extensor muscle, and strength of the gluteus maximus muscle to identify which structures are tight or weak.  Result Statistical changes were observed in the housemaids' population to check tight and weak structures using all outcome measures. According to the visual analogue scale (VAS), the pain was found to have a standard deviation of 5.39 ± 1.26 (3-8). The length of the iliopsoas muscle on the right and left sides had a t-value of 1.51 (p = 0.13), and the length of lumbar extensors had a standard deviation of 5.39 ± 1.26 (3-8). Conclusion In our study, the conclusion was found that housemaids who are working continuously for long periods without maintaining good ergonomics are prone to lower cross syndrome. It indicates a strong need for further research on the management of symptoms in such a population (housemaids) to prevent chronic musculoskeletal illness.

Conservative Rehabilitation Program for Osteochondroma of the Scapula: A Case Report.

One of the most frequent cartilage-capped outgrowths that develop beneath the periosteum due to cartilage ossification is osteochondroma. The second decade of life is noted as the most prevalent age of presentation. This case report looks at an uncommon osteochondroma presentation in a 20-year-old female with swelling along the right inferomedial border of the scapula. The patient presented with complaints of difficulty in daily activities and exhibited altered posture, decreased range of motion (ROM), muscle weakness, and altered shoulder function. The clinical assessment highlighted restricted shoulder and cervical ROM and muscle weakness in the trapezius, rhomboids, serratus anterior, and other surrounding muscles. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an inferomedial bony outgrowth indicative of osteochondroma. A comprehensive physiotherapy intervention protocol for eight weeks was designed to alleviate pain, improve mobility, restore ROM, strengthen weakened muscles, correct posture, and enhance functions that were restricted. The protocol encompassed various techniques, such as muscle energy techniques (MET), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), cold therapy, stretching, scapular mobilization, resistance exercises with TheraBand, postural correction exercises, ergonomic adjustments, scapular stabilization exercises, and 'J'-taping to aid in muscle activation and address rounded shoulder posture. Outcome measures for cervical and shoulder ROM and strength were measured to note the progression after rehabilitation. The case report emphasizes the importance of a tailored physiotherapy rehabilitation protocol in managing osteochondroma-related symptoms, showing the potential benefits of multifaceted interventions in alleviating pain, improving function, and boosting the quality of life for individuals with similar presentations.

Optimizing Early Recovery Through Timely Mobilization in Nephrectomy Patients: A Case Report.

Nephrectomy, a surgical method involving the partial or complete removal of one or both kidneys, is performed if there is the presence of a tumor or many other reasons. In the above case, a 60-year-old female patient with a history of recurring symptoms, stomach pain, and fever, as well as a previous history of tuberculosis was brought to a tertiary care hospital. The patient underwent a left-sided nephrectomy. An X-ray and a complete blood count (CBC) were done during the investigations. Patients experienced various post-operative complications like respiratory discomfort, secretions, early fatigue, and intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW). The patient was referred for physiotherapy. Throughout the intervention, outcome assessments showed progressive improvement in lung capacity, inspiratory pressure, and quality of life scores. Goal-oriented physiotherapy was planned according to the severity of the symptoms of the patient. The physical therapy rehabilitation program in the above case was planned for six weeks focusing on symptoms like shortness of breath, early fatigue, secretions, respiratory discomfort, difficulty in maintaining good posture because of pain at the incision site, reduced mobility, and various post-operative complications. The study focuses on the efficacy of an integrated physiotherapy strategy in increasing lung compliance, secretion clearance, and overall respiratory health. Early mobilization strategies were crucial in reducing post-surgery problems, hastening functional recovery, and shortening hospital stays.

Exploring the Impact of Neurophysiotherapy in Managing Leukoencephalopathy Challenges: A Case Report.

Leukoencephalopathy (LE), characterized by structural changes affecting cerebral white matter, presents a complex clinical picture with diverse etiologies. This case report details the presentation, clinical findings, and physiotherapy management of a 32-year-old female with colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-related leukoencephalopathy and a history of diabetes and hypertension. She suddenly stopped her medications, which led to the worsening of her condition. She presented with symptoms of headache, slurred speech, visual disturbances, cognitive impairment, and impaired balance and coordination, due to which her activities of daily living were affected. The symptoms highlighted the challenges and multidisciplinary approach required for its management. The patient exhibited neurological deficits, cognitive decline, and abnormal reflexes, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealing white matter abnormalities. Outcome measures demonstrated significant improvements in cognitive and functional abilities, emphasizing the effectiveness of tailored rehabilitation in managing the complexities of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor-related leukoencephalopathy. A six-week physiotherapy rehabilitation program addressed various domains, including strength training, task-specific exercises, errorless learning, facial muscle retraining, balance exercises, visual restoration therapy, and mobility training. All these interventions effectively improved her functional capacity and made the patient independent in performing activities of daily living.

Integrating Physiotherapy for Enhancing Functional Recovery in Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Case Report.

Glioblastoma is the most prevalent primary brain tumor. Because glioblastomas are very vascular, they may worsen the disease's neurologic symptoms by causing vasogenic brain edema and mass effects with a wide range of other symptoms. In this case report, a 42-year-old male complaining of severe headache, generalized weakness, and forgetfulness was brought to a territory care hospital, where a detailed neurological examination and investigations with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a grade IV (high-grade) glioma at the right frontotemporal and capsuloganglionic regions of the brain, and was suggested for surgery. Postoperatively, the patient was referred for chemotherapy, but due to severe weakness, fatigue, and motor deficits, he was referred for physiotherapy. Follow-up was conducted to monitor the patient's progression using various outcome measures. These measures included the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Mobility Scale, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) Scale. Significant improvement was observed in the patient's symptoms, as tracked by these outcome measures. Therefore, it is important that a tailored rehabilitation protocol of six weeks was planned, focusing on palliative care and some symptoms of weakness, reduced strength, tone, and breathlessness to prevent secondary complications like deep vein thrombosis, irritability, anxiety, forgetfulness, decreased balance, and coordination in sitting. Since the prognosis of grade IV glioblastoma is poor, the goal-oriented rehabilitation program will help improve the palliative status and the overall quality of life of the patient.

The Role of Early Rehabilitation in Better Outcomes in a Rare Presentation of Tuberculous Meningitis With Broca's Aphasia.

There is a complex link between tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and aphasia, in which a language impairment is caused by an injury to the cortical language centre. The parts of the brain that function for speech and language production are the Wernicke's, Broca's, and arcuate fasciculus regions. This case report mainly highlights the neurological consequences of TBM, and how it affects language and speech functioning. It outlines a comprehensive physiotherapy rehabilitation program that targets a range of issues for the patient, such as verbal output, weakness, motor deficits, articulation issues in speech, and coordination issues. Various treatment modalities can help correct weakness, improve balance and coordination, increase flexibility and range of motion (ROM), and make speech more fluent. The case report emphasizes the necessity of using an integrated approach that combines speech-language therapy (SLT), melodic intonation therapy (MIT), constraint-induced aphasia therapy (CIAT), medication treatments, and physical therapy to address the multifaceted impacts of TBM-induced aphasia on a patient's quality of life (QOL).

Rehabilitation Strategies for Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome: Physiotherapy Interventions and Management Approaches.

Korsakoff syndrome and Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) show neurological and cognitive deficits. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is a compound neurological condition. The cause of this neurological condition could be the consumption of alcohol regularly for a chronic duration. A tailored rehabilitation protocol that focuses on cognitive and physical deficiencies was implemented along with thiamine supplementation for managing a case of a 49-year-old male patient who had a history of high alcohol consumption and was exhibiting typical signs of WKS. After planning a proper physiotherapy plan, it is necessary to look after the patient's progress along with re-evaluation, which reveals notable gains in cognitive function, memory, and functional independence. There is a dearth of research on the impact of physical therapy in managing WKS. The above case report reflects the benefits of combining physiotherapy, cognitive rehabilitation, and balance training to improve patient functionality and independence. Tailored rehabilitation interventions like the Benson relaxation method (BRM), brain gym exercises, Frenkel's exercise, electrical stimulation, sensorimotor training, basic body awareness therapy (BBAT), and gait training can be used to enhance a patient's quality of life. Addressing individual needs is essential in managing WKS, focusing on the importance of comprehensive care beyond cognitive rehabilitation alone.

Targeted Physiotherapy for an Interesting Case of Spontaneously Resolving Extracapsular Infarct: A Case Report.

Stroke is a prevalent and disabling illness that is becoming more common in developing countries. After a stroke, physical inactivity frequently results in long-term deconditioning and disappointing consequences. This case study focuses on an infrequent 0.3% of ischemic stroke cases that occur in the external capsular (ECC) or extreme capsular (EXC) region. In sub-insular infarcts, ECC-EXC lesions are distinct and frequently linked to the anterior opercular syndrome. We are presenting the case of an 86-year-old female patient who had a fall and loss of consciousness. Diagnostic tests revealed that the patient had an extracapsular ischemic event; due to unstable vital signs and frequent drop in saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO2) levels, the patient was intubated and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). When stable, the patient experienced generalized weakness, for which she was referred for physical therapy. Balance and gait impairments were secondary to weakness. A planned two-week structured physiotherapy intervention was created with an emphasis on gait training, muscle strengthening, and balance. Adaptive gait training, progressive exercises, and balancing activities addressed the patient's limitations. This case study demonstrates how an elderly individual with an external capsule ischemic event can benefit from targeted physical therapy for increasing muscle strength, balance, and gait performance. Positive results emphasize how crucial early and targeted physiotherapy is for supporting stroke survivors' neurological recovery.

From Trauma to Recovery: A Comprehensive Management of Achilles Tendon Injury in a Young Female.

The incidence of the Achilles tendon getting injured has recently increased by 18 in 100,000. Compared to non-surgical treatment, surgical results are superior. The Achilles tendon repaired with surgery has a re-rupture rate of only 5%, while if treated non-operatively, it has a rupture rate of 40%. This case report analyses the traumatic Achilles tendon rupture and subsequent surgical repair in a young woman. In this case study, a 19-year-old female patient's severe Achilles tendon injury was successfully managed by integrating prompt surgical intervention and structure. After rehabilitation, the patient's range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, and gait patterns all significantly improved. Scores on the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) both significantly improved. This case study reiterates the significance of an integrated healthcare strategy for Achilles tendon injuries. An immediate surgical procedure followed by a specific rehabilitation programme accelerates healing and the return to optimal function. The results emphasize the critical role of physical therapy in assisting surgical interventions and underline the necessity of comprehensive patient care in the treatment of complex orthopaedic problems.

The Scope of Physiotherapy Rehabilitation in Compressive Myelopathy Managed by Spinal Fusion: A Case Report.

Cervical myelopathy is a sequence of alterations that cause etiological ailments such as spondylosis, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, and compression of nerve roots at various levels. The reduced diameter of the vertebral canal is because of degenerative changes in the structure of the disc, along with the formation of osteophytic spurs that compress the surrounding structures, such as nerve roots, at one or more levels. Radiography, CT, MRI, and dynamic study help identify cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Surgical methods such as anterior, posterior, or combined approaches are used to stabilize and potentially improve the subject's neurologic status. The spine's alignment, the number of mobility segments implicated, the morphology, and the location of the spondylotic compression guide surgical decision-making. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy is a condition of the cervical spine that causes narrowing of the spinal canal with symptoms such as neck pain, numbness in the hands, gait problems, and sphincter dysfunction. We present the case of a 52-year-old male diagnosed with compressive myelopathy from C3 to C7 with a history of falling from the bed. On MRI, there were degenerative changes, spondylosis, and compressive myelopathy, and a disc bulge at multiple levels was seen. The patient underwent a spinal fusion at C3 to C7 level followed by structured physical therapy rehabilitation to gain a good recovery and functional independence to improve quality of life.