RESUMO
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains a significant cause of death. The chance of survival significantly increases when immediate defibrillation with an on-site automated external defibrillator (AED) is available. Our aim is to systematically evaluate the impact of public access defibrillators (PAD) on the outcomes of outpatient cardiac arrest. We conducted a systematic review of the data from global studies on the role of bystander and emergency medical service (EMS) interventions, primarily focusing on the usage of AEDs, during OHCA events. The results highlight the critical significance of PADs in improving survival outcomes in OHCA settings. The majority of OHCA incidents occurred in private residences, but public spaces such as schools and airports had better outcomes, likely due to AED accessibility and trained individuals. Placing AEDs in public areas, especially high-risk zones, can boost survival chances. Timely defibrillation, particularly by bystanders, correlated with better survival and neurological conditions. The review emphasizes the importance of widespread cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and AED training, strategic AED placement, and continuous monitoring of interventions and outcomes to enhance survival rates and neurological recovery after OHCAs. This systematic review showed that bystander interventions, including CPR and AED usage, significantly increased the survival rate. Overall, immediate response and accessibility to AEDs in public areas can significantly improve outcomes in OHCA events.
RESUMO
Methylene blue (MB) and its compounds are investigated for their potential benefits in the management of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a widely seen neuropathological disorder characterized by the gradual decline of cognitive abilities, ultimately leading to the development of severe dementia. It is anticipated that there will be a significant increase in the prevalence of AD due to the aging population. Histopathologically, AD is distinguished by the presence of intracellular tangles of neurofibrillary tissues (NFTs) and extracellular amyloid plaques within the brain. MB is a thiophenazine dye with FDA approval for treating several illnesses. Its ease in crossing the blood-brain barrier and potential therapeutic use in central nervous system diseases have increased interest in its application for treating AD. The literature review includes randomized clinical trials investigating MB's potential benefits in treating AD. The findings of the studies indicate that the administration of MB has demonstrated enhancements in cognitive function, reductions in the accumulation of plaques containing beta-amyloid, improvements in memory and cognitive function in animal subjects, and possesses antioxidant properties that can mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation within the brain. This review evaluates the modern and latest research on the application of MB for treating AD.
