Effect of Ultrasonic Activation on Dentinal Tubule Penetration of Bio-C Temp and Ultracal XS: A Comparative CLSM Assessment.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of ultrasonic activation (UA) on tubular penetration between Bio-C Temp and Ultracal XS intracanal medicaments. METHODS: Forty single-rooted human premolars were endodontically prepared and divided into 4 experimental groups (n=10): Bio-C Temp, Bio-C Temp+UA, UltraCal XS and UltraCal XS+UA. All medicaments were previously mixed with a specific calcium marker (Fluo-3) and passively injected into the canals. The samples were incubated for 7 days. For each tooth, 1 mm thick sections were obtained from the middle and apical thirds of the canals. The samples were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the depth and area of penetration were determined for each group. The Student t test was used to compare results between groups (p<0.05). RESULTS: UA increased the depth and penetration area of Bio-C Temp and Ultracal XS, showing significant differences in the penetration area of the apical third for Bio-C Temp (p<0.0339). Bio-C Temp presented greater tubular penetration than Ultracal XS, showing significant differences in the depth of penetration in the apical third (p<0.0005), and in the penetration area in the middle (p<0.0016) and apical third (p<0.0339) after UA. CONCLUSION: UA increases tubular penetration (both depth and area) of Bio-C Temp at the apical third but has no significant effect on Ultracal XS. Bio-C Temp has a greater depth and tubular penetration area than Ultracal XS after UA. (EEJ-2023-02-024).

Serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) polymorphism and major depressive disorder in patients in Bogotá, Colombia.

INTRODUCTION: The 5-HTT short allele has been controversially associated with an increased risk of major depressive disorder.  OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of 5-HTT short allele with major depression in Bogotá, Colombia.  MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a study of cases (n=68) matched 1:1 with controls by gender and age (±5 years). Major depression was diagnosed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and 5-HTT polymorphism using PCR.  RESULTS: Females were predominant (82.4%). The S (short) allele predominated in cases compared with controls (S: 72.1% vs. 63.2; L (long): 27.9% vs. 36.8%), and the SL genotype was more frequent in cases (SL: 45.6% vs. 36.8%; LL: 27.9% vs. 36.8%; SS: 26.5% vs. 26.5%), although not significantly. There were significant differences in those under age 37, with a predominance of the S allele in cases (p=0.038; OR=2.75; 95% CI: 0.88-8.64). Multivariate analysis, adjusted for comorbid anxiety disorders, showed a significant association of major depression with the SL genotype (p=0.049; OR=3.20; 95% CI: 1.00-10.23); the S allele was close to statistical significance (p=0.063; OR=2.94; 95% CI: 0.94-9.13), and it was statistically significant in cases under 37 years of age (p=0.026; OR=10.79; 95% CI: 1.32-80.36).  CONCLUSIONS: The SL genotype was associated with major depressive disorder in patients of all ages. The S allele was significantly associated with major depressive disorder in patients under age 37, adjusted for comorbid anxiety disorders.

Serotonin transporter gene ( 5-HTT ) polymorphism and major depressive disorder in patients in Bogotá, Colombia / Polimorfismo del gen del transportador de serotonina ( 5-HTT ) y trastorno de depresión mayor en pacientes en Bogotá, Colombia

Introduction: The 5-HTT short allele has been controversially associated with an increased risk of major depressive disorder. Objective: To determine the association of 5-HTT short allele with major depression in Bogotá, Colombia. Materials and methods: We carried out a study of cases (n=68) matched 1:1 with controls by gender and age (±5 years). Major depression was diagnosed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and 5-HTT polymorphism using PCR. Results: Females were predominant (82.4%). The S (short) allele predominated in cases compared with controls (S: 72.1% vs. 63.2; L (long): 27.9% vs. 36.8%), and the SL genotype was more frequent in cases (SL: 45.6% vs. 36.8%; LL: 27.9% vs. 36.8%; SS: 26.5% vs. 26.5%), although not significantly. There were significant differences in those under age 37, with a predominance of the S allele in cases (p=0.038; OR=2.75; 95% CI: 0.88-8.64). Multivariate analysis, adjusted for comorbid anxiety disorders, showed a significant association of major depression with the SL genotype (p=0.049; OR=3.20; 95% CI: 1.00-10.23); the S allele was close to statistical significance (p=0.063; OR=2.94; 95% CI: 0.94-9.13), and it was statistically significant in cases under 37 years of age (p=0.026; OR=10.79; 95% CI: 1.32-80.36). Conclusions: The SL genotype was associated with major depressive disorder in patients of all ages. The S allele was significantly associated with major depressive disorder in patients under age 37, adjusted for comorbid anxiety disorders.

Introducción. El polimorfismo 5-HTT se ha asociado con el trastorno de depresión mayor, aunque el planteamiento ha generado controversia. Objetivo. Determinar la asociación del polimorfismo 5-HTT con la depresión mayor en Bogotá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio de casos y controles pareado por sexo y edad (±5 años), con una razón de uno a uno (68:68). El trastorno de depresión mayor se diagnosticó con el cuestionario Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, y, el polimorfismo 5-HTT , mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Resultados. Las mujeres predominaron entre los participantes (82,4 %). El alelo corto ( short , S) predominó en los casos comparados con los controles (S: 72,1 % Vs . 63,2; L ( long ): 27,9 % Vs . 36,8 %), y el genotipo SL fue más frecuente en los casos (SL: 45,6 % Vs . 36,8 %; LL: 27,9 % Vs . 36,8 %; SS: 26,5 % Vs . 26,5 %), aunque no significativamente. Hubo diferencias significativas en menores de 37 años, con predominio del alelo S en los casos (p=0,0384; odds ratio - OR=2,75; IC 95% : 0,88-8,64). El análisis multivariado ajustado por trastornos concomitantes de ansiedad mostró una asociación significativa de la depresión mayor con el genotipo SL (p=0,049; OR=3,20; IC 95% 1,003-10,233); el alelo S estuvo cerca de la significación estadística (p=0,063; OR=2,94; IC 95% 0,94-9,13), y fue estadísticamente significativo en los casos de menores de 37 años (p=0,026; OR=10,79; IC 95% 1,32-80,36). Conclusiones. El genotipo SL se asoció con el trastorno de depresión mayor en pacientes de todas las edades. El alelo S se asoció significativamente con el trastorno de depresión mayor en pacientes menores de 37 años al ajustar por trastornos concomitantes de ansiedad.