Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 69
Filtrar
2.
Behav Sci (Basel) ; 13(11)2023 Nov 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37998692

RESUMO

The process of becoming a public teacher in Spain requires a long period of preparation. This long period of preparation has an impact on the psychosocial environment of the candidates. Differences have been observed in the psychosocial area according to gender in pre-service teachers. This research aims to study the relationship between the study hours per day, stress, burnout syndrome and resilience according to gender and to study the differences in the effects according to gender using multigroup equation modeling. A multigroup structural equation analysis has been proposed according to the gender of the participants. Parametric tests were used for the descriptive analysis of the results. The sample consists of 4117 participants, 1363 males and 2754 females. The instruments used to collect the data were a self-made questionnaire, Perceived Stress Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory. All the instruments have been validated and adapted to the sample. The data reveal that there are variations in the effects of the variables according to the gender of the participants. In conclusion, it is affirmed that gender is a very important factor in coping with the competitive examination process for state-public-teaching institutions, as well as in avoiding the appearance of disruptive states generated by this preparation process.

3.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 84(3)sept. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520008

RESUMO

Introducción. El signo de la arteria cerebral media (ACM) hiperdensa evaluada por tomografía simple permite predecir la enfermedad vascular cerebral isquémica (EVCi) con oclusión de un gran vaso, sin embargo, es frecuente identificar este signo en pobladores con niveles altos de hemoglobina sin clínica de EVCi. Objetivos. Evaluar la correlación entre la radiodensidad de la ACM y el nivel de hemoglobina en pacientes con y sin EVCi, residentes en una ciudad a gran altitud. Métodos. Estudio observacional analítico, se incluyeron personas residentes de Cusco (ubicada a 3300 msnm) que acudían al servicio de emergencia y se les realizó una tomografía cerebral, presentando o no clínica de EVCi. Se realizó la medición de la radiodensidad de la ACM y se correlacionó con el nivel de hemoglobina. Resultados. Se incluyeron 279 pacientes, el promedio de hemoglobina fue de 15,1 mg/dL y desviación estándar (DE) de 2,5 mg/dL, en los controles se identificó una correlación significativa (r = 0,425, p<0,01) entre la radiodensidad de la ACM con el nivel de hemoglobina. En los casos con EVCi derechos, la radiodensidad de la ACM derecha fue de 46,9 (DE = 7,7 UH) y de la izquierda fue de 46,1 (DE = 6,6 UH), sin que existan diferencias estadísticas (p = 0,24). Tampoco se encontró diferencias en los casos con EVCi izquierdos. Conclusión. Sí existe una correlación entre la radiodensidad de la ACM con el nivel de hemoglobina en los pobladores que viven a gran altitud, sin embargo, no se logró demostrar diferencias significativas entre la radiodensidad entre las ACM afectada y la contralateral en los casos de un EVCi.


Introduction. The sign of the hyperdense middle cerebral artery (MCA) evaluated by simple tomography allows predicting ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICD) with occlusion of a large vessel, however, it is common to identify this sign in residents with high hemoglobin levels without symptoms of ICD. Objectives. To evaluate the correlation between the radiodensity of the MCA and the hemoglobin level in patients with and without ICD, residing in a high-altitude city. Methods. Analytical observational study, including people residing in Cusco (located at 3300 masl) who attended the emergency service and underwent a brain tomography, presenting or not ICD symptoms. ACM radiodensity was measured and correlated with the hemoglobin level. Results. 279 patients were included, the average hemoglobin was 15.1 and standard deviation (DE) of 2.5 mg/dL, in the controls a significant correlation was identified (r = 0.425, p<0.01) between the radiodensity of the MCA with the hemoglobin level. In the cases with right ICD, the radiodensity of the right MCA was 46.9 (DE = 7.7 HU) and of the left it was 46.1 (DE = 6.6 HU), with no statistical differences (p=0 ,24). No differences were found in the cases with left ICD either. Conclusion. There is a correlation between the radiodensity of the MCA with the hemoglobin level in the inhabitants who live at high altitudes, however, it is not possible to demonstrate significant differences between the radiodensity between the affected MCA and the contralateral one in the cases of an ICD.

4.
Mil Med ; 2022 Nov 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36420960

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia of varying degrees. Genetic and lifestyle variations are known to influence the onset and severity of T2DM. Among the genetic variations reported to confer susceptibility to the disease are certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Here, we report the analysis of 18 such SNPs in a military community cohort of 716 subjects, comprising 477 diabetic and 239 control subjects. The population studied included active-duty military personnel, veterans, and their families. The SNPs analyzed in this work occur in nine different genes, comprising six interleukin (IL) genes (IL1A, IL1B, IL4, IL6, IL10, and IL18), fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) gene, and cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 genes (CNR1, CNR2). The products of these genes are players in different conditions, including inflammation, a process linked with diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The T2DM and control (no diabetes) DNA samples were acquired from an archived sample repository (Center for Advanced Molecular Detection, 59th Medical Wing, U.S. Air Force, Joint Base San Antonio [JBSA]-Lackland, TX). The blood samples had been previously collected from gender- and race-mixed cohorts under a protocol approved by the 59th Medical Wing Institutional Review Board. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was done by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using TaqMan assay reagents. The statistical analysis software 9.3 (SAS 9.3) was used for statistical analyses to reveal associations between the SNP genotypes and T2DM. RESULTS: Out of the 18 SNPs analyzed, six showed statistically significant association with T2DM in the overall cohort (P < .05). The odds ratio for these associations varied from 1.57 to 3.16. The rs16944 T/T homozygous genotype (IL1B) showed the strongest association with T2DM, with P = .005. In the White cohort, five of these six SNPs and one other, rs806368 (cannabinoid receptor 1), associate with T2DM. However, the gender-specific analysis of the White cohort revealed only two SNP associations with T2DM in the female cohort, rs16944 (IL1B) and rs2295632 (FAAH), both also showing association in the overall mixed cohort. Likewise, four SNPs showed T2DM association in the White male cohort, with rs187238 (IL18) being uniquely significant in this group. CONCLUSIONS: The IL1B SNP rs16944 showed consistent statistically significant association with T2DM and therefore is likely a promising biomarker for T2DM. We note, however, that this association in a generic sense may be with the inflammatory process that accompanies T2DM and not per se with T2DM.

5.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33916699

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The influence of mass media on emotions, subjective well-being and behaviours in society should be clearly understood. Physical-health education has an important role to play as a preventive tool. The aim of this study was to develop an explanatory model regarding the relationships between mass media, psychological well-being, physical activity, Mediterranean diet and age and to compare the model with multi-group analysis according to gender. METHODS: A descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional design was used, with 634 participants between 18 and 66 years old (M = 35.18 ± 9.68). RESULTS: Structural equation modeling was found to be satisfactory for all parameters. Results show that mass media have a significant direct influence on well-being, with negative effects on physical activity and adherence to a Mediterranean diet. The model fitted better for males in terms of gender differences, showing a better fit of psychological well-being being associated with higher levels of physical activity and better adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Among women, no relationships were found between mass media pressure and psychological well-being and healthy physical habits, but higher personal satisfaction was associated with better physical activity and better dietary patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the study approaches society to a perspective influenced by mass media and physical-health education, reporting and emphasizing the importance of healthy lifestyles.


Assuntos
Dieta Mediterrânea , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
8.
Rev. cuba. med ; 57(4): e402, oct.-dic. 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1093587

RESUMO

La Revista Cubana Acta Médica, del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras publicó un artículo titulado El dilema de las guías de hipertensión arterial en su número 3 de 2018. En dicho trabajo se analizan contenidos de las principales guías de hipertensión arterial publicadas en los últimos años, las cuales presentan aspectos fundamentales de diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta afección crónica padecida por un porcentaje elevado de la población mundial y ofrecen orientaciones para el mejor control de esta. El artículo hace comparaciones con el enfoque y redacción de la Guía Cubana para el diagnóstico, evaluación y tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial, distinguida, entre otros aspectos, por brindar información sobre este padecimiento y la importancia del riesgo vascular en edades pediátricas y en embarazadas no suficientemente tratados en esas otras guías foráneas. Por la profundidad del artículo antes mencionado y con el interés de que este tenga mayor visibilidad, se solicitó a la Dra.C. Haydée del Pozo Jerez, directora de la Revista Cubana Acta Médica, la autorización de su publicación en la Revista Cubana de Medicina, órgano oficial de la Sociedad Cubana de Medicina Interna. La publicación de El dilema… en nuestra revista hará posible una mayor divulgación nacional e internacional. El comité editorial de la Revista Cubana de Medicina agradece a la Dra. Del Pozo, y a la dirección del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras, por esta oportunidad(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto/normas
9.
Rev. cuba. med ; 57(4)oct.-dic. 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1508301

RESUMO

La hipertensión arterial es un problema de salud mundial. En dicho trabajo se analizan contenidos de las principales guías de hipertensión arterial publicadas en los últimos años, las cuales presentan aspectos fundamentales de diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta afección crónica padecida por un porciento elevado de la población mundial y ofrecen orientaciones para el mejor control de dicha enfermedad(AU)


Hypertension is a problem of world health. This paper analyzes the contents of the main hypertension guidelines published in the last years, since they present fundamental aspects of diagnosis and treatment of this chronic affection suffered by high percent of the world population and they offer directions for its best control(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico
10.
Eur Thyroid J ; 7(4): 218-224, 2018 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30283741

RESUMO

AIM: Based on the response criteria of the 2015 American Thyroid Associations guidelines, our objectives were to -determine the response rate when using a low dose of -131-I GBq in patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (LRDTC) and the influence of clinical and analytical variables on the prediction of complete response. METHODS: We performed a multicentre and longitudinal study, including patients who were operated for LRDTC and who underwent radioiodine remnant ablation with a low-dose of 131-I. All patients were assessed at 6-12 months, and their status was classified as complete (excellent response) or incomplete response (structural incomplete, biochemical incomplete or indeterminate response). Various factors including age, gender, histology, tumour focality and size, stage, time from surgery to treatment, type of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulation, preablation serum thyroglobulin (pTg), antiTg antibodies (pAntiTgAb) and TSH (pTSH) levels were also analysed in order to predict the complete response rate. RESULTS: Of 108 patients, 79.6$ achieved complete response and the remaining showed incomplete response (2.9, 5.5 and 12$ due to biochemical incomplete, structural incomplete and indeterminate response respectively). Six patients received a new dose of 131-I. Tumour size and pAntiTgAb were the only factors related to therapeutic response (p = 0.03 and p < 0.01, respectively). However, pAntiTgAb was the only independent factor related to complete -response. Patients with complete response showed lower pTg than those with incomplete response (5.1 ± 12.9 vs. 11.2 ± 25 ng/mL) although without statistical significance (p = 0.14). There was no significant difference in the response rate depending on the thyrotropin stimulation methods. CONCLUSIONS: A low dose of 131-I was sufficient for reaching a complete response at 6-12 months of follow-up in the majority of patients with LRDTC. Tumour size and pAntiTgAb variables were related to therapeutic response.

11.
Rev. cuba. med ; 57(2)abr.-jun. 2018. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-985557

RESUMO

El término amiloidosis cardiaca hace referencia a la afección del corazón como consecuencia del depósito de amiloide en el tejido cardiaco, ya sea en el contexto de una afección sistémica o de una forma localizada. Se presenta un caso donde se analiza la fisiopatología y el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad. La miocardiopatía por amiloidosis es una enfermedad inflamatoria infiltrativa que con frecuencia no es sospechada. El ecocardiograma no siempre permite identificar el clásico patrón infiltrativo restrictivo(AU)


The term cardiac amyloidosis refers to a heart affection which is a consequence of the accumulation of amyloid in the heart tissue that can appear in the context of a systemic affection or in a localized form. A case is presented and it is analyzed the physiopathology and the diagnosis of this disease. Miocardiopathy by amyloidosis is an infiltrative inflammatory disease that is not frequently suspected. Echocardiogram not always allows identifying the classic restrictive infiltrative pattern(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Amiloidose/etiologia , Cardiomiopatias
12.
Rev. cuba. med ; 57(1)ene.-mar. 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1508297

RESUMO

La fiebre de origen desconocido (FOD) constituye uno de los problemas más complejos y difíciles con que se enfrenta el clínico en su práctica diaria. En la mayoría de los casos no se trata de una enfermedad exótica o rara, sino de enfermedades comunes y frecuentes que por determinadas condiciones, no bien conocidas, se expresan en forma predominante como una fiebre prolongada. Puede ser causada por más de 200 enfermedades y día a día se añaden nuevas entidades nosológicas a esta larga lista, y lograr su diagnóstico se convierte en un gran dilema e incertidumbre para el médico y motivo de preocupación y ansiedad para el paciente y familiares. En el año 1930, Alt y Baker publican por primera vez un artículo donde se presenta un grupo de pacientes hospitalizados con fiebre prolongada como manifestación clínica fundamental entre los años 1913 y 1930 en los que no se conocía la causa después de egresados; en este artículo los autores no delimitaron el tiempo necesario para considerar un caso como FOD ni clasificación por grupos de enfermedades.1 A lo largo de la década de 1950 los clínicos continuaron describiendo pacientes con fiebre prolongada sin explicación, pero estas series eran retrospectivas y diferían en los criterios de definición, además de que no incluían una evaluación uniforme de estos pacientes: en la mayoría de los casos no se conocía la causa de la fiebre. Entre los pacientes que se identificó la etiología, las más frecuentes eran las infecciones, en especial la tuberculosis, además de sífilis, brucelosis y endocarditis.2 Entre 1952 y 1957, Peterdorsf y Besson realizaron un estudio prospectivo de 100 casos y en el año 1961 publicaron su experiencia y definieron por primera vez los criterios de FOD: fiebre mayor de 38,3 °C en varias ocasiones, que se prolonga por más de 3 semanas y cuya causa se mantiene incierta después de permanecer una semana en un centro hospitalario. En esta publicación se propone crear 4 grupos principales de enfermedades causantes de FOD: enfermedades infecciosas, tumorales, colágenas/vasculitis y misceláneas. El grupo más frecuente en esta publicación fue el de las enfermedades infecciosas, seguido por las neoplasias, colágenas/vasculitis y misceláneas.3 En el año 1991, Durack y Street añadieron a la forma clásica de Peterdorsf 3 nuevos tipos de FOD: nosocomial, FOD en pacientes neutropénicos y FOD asociada al VIH-SIDA. En esta propuesta se reduce el tiempo a 3 días para considerarlo como una FOD y resulta de utilidad en pacientes ingresados en unidades de atención al grave, por lo general inmunocomprometidos, que necesitan de una acción terapéutica rápida.4 En la década de 1970-80 Larson, Featherstone y Peterdorsf publican una serie de 105 casos que cambian la frecuencia de grupos establecidos, el cual mostró que si bien inicialmente la primera causa de FOD eran las enfermedades infecciosas, con el paso del tiempo estas disminuyeron para ocupar el primer escaño las enfermedades neoplásicas con el 38 por ciento del total de casos.5 En este período, particularmente en la década del 70, llamó la atención que la primera causa infecciosa de FOD fue la tuberculosis. Sin embargo, con el transcurrir de los años la incidencia de esta enfermedad disminuyó notablemente y cedió su lugar a la endocarditis infecciosa, lo cual está en relación con el desarrollo de fármacos antituberculosos. En esta publicación los estudios imagenológicos tuvieron gran importancia, pues orientaron el curso que debían seguir las investigaciones ante el hallazgo de determinadas alteraciones como visceromegalias, abscesos, adenopatías profundas, imágenes tumorales, entre otras. Además, en muchos casos permiten realizar procederes invasivos dirigidos bajo control ultrasonográfico. A partir de ese momento se han publicado diversas...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Febre de Causa Desconhecida/etiologia
13.
Rev. cuba. med ; 56(4)dic. 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1508296

RESUMO

La Comisión Nacional Técnica Asesora del Programa de Hipertensión Arterial (CNHTA) del Ministerio de Salud Pública (MINSAP), tiene la responsabilidad de mantener actualizada la Guía para la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial** que aporta los conocimientos y orientaciones para los distintos niveles de atención médica, principalmente para la atención primaria, donde la hipertensión arterial (HTA) constituye una de las afecciones de mayor demanda asistencial, también para los cuerpos de guardia tanto de hospitales como de policlínicos donde acuden pacientes con descontrol o descompensación de su enfermedad hipertensiva que requieren de una adecuada y efectiva asistencia profesional, por lo que las guías de prácticas médicas han de estar disponibles y ser de conocimiento para su eficiente aplicación en su diagnóstico, tratamiento y eficaz orientación a pacientes y familiares. La Guía Cubana de Hipertensión Arterial (GCHTA), como habitualmente se le conoce, tuvo su origen en el primer Programa Nacional de Hipertensión, editado en el año 1998, que fue distribuido en todo el país, con el apoyo de una amplia campaña nacional que favoreció su conocimiento en toda Cuba. Posteriormente se comenzaron a editar las Guías de HTA, que fueron redactadas y actualizadas a través de talleres o reuniones de expertos, por miembros de las comisiones asesoras nacional y de las provincias. Se sucedieron ediciones de la Guía en los años 2003, 2006 y 2008, basadas en actualizaciones acorde al desarrollo del conocimiento y aportes de importantes documentos como el Joint National Committe (JNC) norteamericano y las guías editadas por la Sociedad Europea de Hipertensión Arterial y la NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) del Reino Unido, entre otras, así como en la experiencia profesional de los miembros de nuestra CNHTA. Teniendo en cuenta los años transcurridos desde la última publicación de la GCHTA en el 2008 y las numerosas guías de prácticas médica publicadas recientemente, se decidió, por la CNHTA del MINSAP, abordar su actualización, dado que la HTA sigue teniendo una alta prevalencia en la población general, con significación también en la niñez y adolescencia y particularidades relevantes en el adulto mayor. Se dedicó especial cuidado en su redacción, para que se ajustara a las normas evaluativas de instrumentos como el AGREE (Assessment of Guidelines for Research and Education), que fue confeccionado para la evaluación de la guías de prácticas médicas.1,2 La CNHTA participó en un taller preparatorio, para conocer mejor los elementos a tener en cuenta en su elaboración y lograr que nuestra GNHTA actualizada, se encuentre a la altura de las que se han publicado en los últimos cinco años y se cumpla con el objetivo fundamental...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico
14.
Obes Surg ; 27(12): 3133-3141, 2017 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28578495

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to study the process of intestinal adaptation in the three limbs of the small intestine after malabsorptive bariatric surgery: the biliopancreatic limb, the alimentary limb, and the common channel. These limbs are exposed to different stimuli, namely, gastrointestinal transit and nutrients in the alimentary limb, biliopancreatic secretions in the biliopancreatic limb, and a mix of both in the common channel. We also wished to investigate the effect of glutamine supplementation on the adaptation process. METHODS: Three types of surgery were performed using a porcine model: biliopancreatic bypass (BPBP), massive (75%) short bowel resection as the positive control, and a sham operation (transection) as the negative control. We measured the height and width of intestinal villi, histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity, and amount of HDC messenger RNA (mRNA) (standard diet or a diet supplemented with glutamine). RESULTS: An increase in HDC activity and mRNA expression was observed in the BPBP group. This increase coincided with an increase in the height and width of the intestinal villi. The increase in villus height was observed immediately after surgery and peaked at 2 weeks. Levels remained higher than those observed in sham-operated pigs for a further 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The intestinal adaptation process in animals that underwent BPBP was less intense than in those that underwent massive short bowel resection and more intense than in those that underwent transection only. Supplementation with glutamine did not improve any of the parameters studied, although it did appear to accelerate the adaptive process.


Assuntos
Adaptação Fisiológica , Cirurgia Bariátrica/efeitos adversos , Alimentos , Glutamina/uso terapêutico , Intestinos/fisiologia , Síndromes de Malabsorção/dietoterapia , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Adaptação Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Cirurgia Bariátrica/reabilitação , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/metabolismo , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/farmacologia , Sistema Biliar/metabolismo , Suplementos Nutricionais , Duodeno/efeitos dos fármacos , Duodeno/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Intestinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Síndromes de Malabsorção/etiologia , Síndromes de Malabsorção/reabilitação , Masculino , Obesidade Mórbida/metabolismo , Pâncreas/metabolismo , Suínos , Fatores de Tempo
15.
Rev. cuba. med ; 56(1)ene.-mar. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-901262

RESUMO

Introducción: la presión de pulso es un importante marcador y/o predictor de riesgo de complicaciones ateroscleróticas agudas, donde está incluida la enfermedad cerebrovascular. Objetivos: determinar la relación entre la presión de pulso y la enfermedad cerebrovascular aterotrombótica en pacientes hipertensos y no hipertensos. Métodos: estudio explicativo, analítico, caso/control. El grupo de casos fue de 226 pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad cerebrovascular aterotrombótica, ingresados en la Sala de Ictus del Hospital General Docente Enrique Cabrera entre 2014-2016 y el grupo control de 226 sin enfermedad cerebrovascular. Se formaron dos grupos, uno con presión de pulso 60 mmhg y otro con presión de pulso < 60 mmHg en pacientes hipertensos y no hipertensos. Resultados: la media de la edad fue de 69,65 años y el 61,45 por ciento eran masculinos; la frecuencia de hipertensión arterial fue de 70,4 por ciento y la de fumadores, 35,4 por ciento y con PP≥ 60 mmHg, 62,0 por ciento. La asociación de la presión de pulso 60 mmHg con enfermedad cerebrovascular aterotrombótica en pacientes hipertensos resultó significativa con odds-ratio 4,72, Intervalo de Confianza 95 por ciento(2,79-7,98) y en pacientes no hipertensos también resultó significativa con odds-ratio 6,86 Intervalo de Confianza 95 por ciento (3,33-14,07). El riesgo atribuible en expuestos fue de 88,6 por ciento y el riesgo atribuible en la población de 50,4 por ciento. Conclusiones: la presión de pulso se asoció de forma significativa a la enfermedad cerebrovascular aterotrombótica en pacientes hipertensos y no hipertensos(AU)


Introduction: Pulse pressure is an important marker or predictor of risk for acute atherosclerotic complications, including cerebrovascular disease. Objectives: To determine the relationship between pulse pressure and atherothrombotic cerebrovascular disease in hypertensive and nonhypertensive patients. Methods: Explanatory, analytical, case control study. The case group consisted of 226 patients diagnosed with atherothrombotic cerebrovascular disease admitted to the Ictus Room at Enrique Cabrera General Teaching Hospital between 2014 and 2016, and the control group consisted of 226 patients without cerebrovascular disease. Two groups were formed, one with a pulse pressure higher than or equal to 60 mmHg and one with a pulse pressure under 60 mmHg in hypertensive and nonhypertensive patients. Results: Mean age was 69.65 years and 61.45 percent were male. The frequency of hypertension was 70.4 percent and that of smokers was 35.4 percent, and with PP≥60 mmHg, which represented 62.0 percent. The association of pulse pressure higher than or equal to 60 mmHg with atherothrombotic cerebrovascular disease in hypertensive patients was significant with odds ratio of 4.72, and confidence interval of 95 percent (2.79-7.98), while in nonhypertensive patients it was also significant with odd ratios of 6.86, and confidence interval of 95 percent CI (3.33-14.07). The attributable risk in exposed people was 88.6 percent and the attributable risk in the population was 50.4 percent. Conclusions: Pulse pressure was significantly associated with atherothrombotic cerebrovascular disease in both hypertensive and nonhypertensive patients(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pulso Arterial/métodos , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/prevenção & controle , Diagnóstico Precoce , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico
16.
J Neurotrauma ; 34(1): 109-114, 2017 01 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27251119

RESUMO

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) affects a significant minority of people in the intensive care unit after severe traumatic brain injury. Systematic research has yet to elucidate or quantify the extent of the role of the catecholamines or adrenocortical and thyroid axis hormonal influences in the condition. Data were prospectively collected on 80 consecutive patients, 18 of whom developed clinical signs of PSH (22.5%). Catecholamine and hormonal data were collected sequentially at 4-h intervals or during and between episodes of PSH. Evaluated variables showed 200-300% increases in catecholamines and, to a lesser extent, adrenocortical hormones during paroxysms. The majority of PSH episodes (72%) were noted to be in response to an observable triggering event. These changes were not observed in subjects without PSH. These data go some way to explain why PSH produces adverse consequences in survivors of TBI with the condition.


Assuntos
Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/sangue , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/etiologia , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/sangue , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/complicações , Catecolaminas/sangue , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/sangue , Adulto , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/diagnóstico , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Norepinefrina/sangue , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto Jovem
18.
Nutr Hosp ; 33(1): 43-46, 2016 Feb 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27019241

RESUMO

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in candidates to bariatric surgery (BS) and its relationship with risk factors and components of the metabolic syndrome. Material and methods: Clinical, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured in 56 Caucasian patients included in a protocol of BS between January and June 2014. Patients were stratified into three groups according to their vitamin D status: sufficiency (≥ 40 ng/ml), insufficiency (40-20 ng/ml) and deficiency (< 20 ng/ml). Results: Data showed vitamin D deficiency in 75% of patients. These patients had greater BMI (p = 0.006) and lower PTH concentrations in plasma (p = 0.045). In addition, there were more patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and dyslipidemia (DLPM) in the group with 25 (OH) D < 20 ng/ml levels. Another finding was that 25(OH) D levels were observed to be negatively correlated with fat mass (r = -0.504; p = 0.009), BMI (r = -0.394; p = 0.046) and hypertension (r = -0.637; p = 0.001). Conclusion: We conclude that vitamin D deficiency is extremely common among candidates to BS, who are associated with DM2 and DLPM. Although there are limited data regarding the best treatment for low Vitamin D status in BS candidate patients, screening for vitamin D deficiency should be regularly performed in cases of morbid obesity


Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D en los candidatos a cirugía bariátrica (CB) y su relación con factores de riesgo y los componentes del síndrome metabólico. Material y métodos: los parámetros clínicos, antropométricos y bioquímicos se midieron en 56 pacientes caucásicos incluidos en un protocolo de cirugía bariátrica entre enero y junio de 2014. Los pacientes fueron estratificados en tres grupos de acuerdo al status de vitamina D: suficiencia (≥ 40 ng/ml), insuficiencia (40-20 ng/ml) y deficiencia (< 20 ng/ml). Resultados: se observó deficiencia de vitamina D en el 75% de los pacientes. Estos pacientes tenían mayor índice de masa corporal (p = 0,006) y concentraciones plasmáticas mas bajas de PTH (p = 0,045). Además, hubo más pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) y dislipemia (DLPM) en el grupo con niveles de 25 (OH) D < 20 ng/ml. Asimismo la 25 (OH) D se correlacionó negativamente con la masa grasa (r = -0,504; p = 0,009), el IMC (r = -0,394; p = 0,046) y la hipertensión arterial (r = -0,637; p = 0,001). Conclusión: De nuestros hallazgos concluimos que la deficiencia de vitamina D es muy común entre los candidatos a CB y que la misma está asociada con DM2 y DLPM.Aunque hay pocos datos sobre el mejor tratamiento para el bajo nivel de vitamina D en los pacientes candidatos CB, la detección de la deficiencia de vitamina D debe realizarse de forma rutinaria en estos casos.


Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica/métodos , Hidroxicolecalciferóis/sangue , Hidroxicolecalciferóis/deficiência , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Síndrome Metabólica/cirurgia , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Dislipidemias/complicações , Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hormônio Paratireóideo/sangue , Seleção de Pacientes , Espanha/epidemiologia
19.
Curr Alzheimer Res ; 13(5): 469-74, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26567736

RESUMO

There are a number of clinical questions for which there are no easy answers, even for well-trained doctors. The diagnostic tool commonly used to assess cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative diseases is based on established clinical criteria. However, the differential diagnosis between disorders can be difficult, especially in early phases or atypical variants. This takes on particular importance when it is still possible to use an appropriate treatment. To solve this problem, physicians need to have access to an arsenal of diagnostic tests, such as neurofunctional imaging, that allow higher specificity in clinical assessment. However, the reliability of diagnostic tests may vary from one to the next, so the diagnostic validity of a given investigation must be estimated by comparing the results obtained from "true" criteria to the "gold standard" or reference test. While pathological analysis is considered to be the gold standard in a wide spectrum of diseases, it cannot be applied to neurological processes. Other approaches could provide solutions, including clinical patient follow-up, creation of a data bank or use of computer-aided diagnostic algorithms. In this article, we discuss the development of different methodological procedures related to analysis of diagnostic validity and present an example from our own experience based on the use of I-123-ioflupane-SPECT in the study of patients with movement disorders. The aim of this chapter is to approach the problem of diagnosis from the point of view of the clinician, taking into account specific aspects of neurodegenerative disease.


Assuntos
Corpo Estriado/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Corpo Estriado/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nortropanos/farmacocinética , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Estudos Retrospectivos
20.
Open Forum Infect Dis ; 2(3): ofv120, 2015 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26380351

RESUMO

Background. Adenovirus (Ad) has long been the predominant cause of acute respiratory illness (ARI) in military trainees. In 2011, live oral Ad vaccines for serotypes 4 and 7 were reintroduced into US basic military training populations. This study evaluated the impact on clinical presentations and other respiratory pathogens. Methods. The Center for Advanced Molecular Detection at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland prospectively collects demographic, clinical, and polymerase chain reaction data from respiratory specimens (throat swab and nasal wash) among Air Force trainees presenting for care of ARI. Results. From June 2008 to August 2013, 2660 trainees enrolled and were tested for selected respiratory pathogens. Post-vaccine introduction (VI), reported systemic symptoms were less frequent, including fever (38% vs 94%) and myalgia (37% vs 67%; P < .01). Median temperature and heart rate decreased (98.4 vs 101.3°F, 81 vs 96 beats per minute; P < .01). Ad detection decreased for all Ad (3% vs 68%), Ad4 (1% vs 70%), 7 (0% vs 8%), 14 (0% vs 5%), and 3 (0.1% vs 2%); P < .01). Rhinovirus and cases with no pathogen identified increased in frequency (35% vs 18%, 51% vs 14%; P < .01). Conclusions. Acute respiratory illness in military trainees post-VI is associated with decreased severity of systemic symptoms and reduced fever and heart rate. Marked reductions in frequency of Ad serotypes are seen, including those in the vaccine, with no serotype shift. However, detection of several other respiratory pathogens, most notably rhinovirus, is observed in increasing proportions, and a majority are now undiagnosed clinical syndromes.

SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA