First occurrence of Arnold Chiari type II malformation and associated abnormalities in a Gir calf produced in vitro from Brazil - case report / [Primeira ocorrência de malformação de Arnold Chiari tipo II e anormalidades associadas em uma bezerra Gir de produção in vitro no Brasil - relato de caso]

This study characterized the clinical, radiological, ultrasound, and necroscopic findings of a case of Arnold-Chiari type II malformation in a Gir breed calf from Brazil. The animal was hospitalized at sixty days of age, in permanent sternal recumbency, cutaneous appendix at the 4th lumbar vertebra and kyphoscoliosis of the caudal and lumbosacral thoracic spine. Radiographic examination of the spine and skull revealed spina bifida and suspected occipital hypoplasia. Upon examination of myelography with an injection of lumbar and atlantooccipital contrast, it was possible to visualize the meningocele at the 4th lumbar vertebra region and findings at the rhombencephalon level of increased regional pressure with failure to fill the contrast in the posterior fossa, in the presence of clear demarcation of the circumvolutions of the cerebral cortex and the subarachnoid space of the cervical spinal cord. Ultrasonographic examination of the cerebellum showed an insinuation of the cerebellar worm through the foramen magnum. The animal did not show changes in complete blood count, biochemical series, and cerebrospinal fluid and was negative for Pestivirus. There was a worsening of the clinical conditions and the animal died. This malformation of unknown etiology must be studied as a differential diagnosis of the nervous system disorders.(AU)

Este estudo caracterizou os achados clínicos, radiológicos, ultrassonográficos e necroscópicos de um caso de malformação de Arnold-Chiari tipo II em uma bezerra Gir no Brasil. O animal foi hospilatizado aos 60 dias de idade, apresentando decúbito esternal permanente, apêndice cutâneo na altura da quarta vértebra lombar e cifoescoliose da coluna vertebral torácica caudal e lombossacra. Ao exame radiográfico da coluna e do crânio, foram observadas espinha bífida e suspeita de hipoplasia occipital. Ao exame de mielografia com injeção de contraste lombar e atlanto-occipital, foi possivel visualizar a meningocele na altura da quarta vértebra lombar e achados em nível rombencefálico de aumento da pressão regional com falha de preenchimento do contraste na fossa posterior, na presença de nítida demarcação das circunvoluções do córtex cerebral e do espaço subaracnoide da medula espinhal cervical. Ao exame ultrassonográfico do cerebelo, foi observada insinuação do verme cerebelar através do forame magno. O animal não apresentou alterações em hemograma completo, série bioquímica e fluido cérebro-espinhal e foi negativo para Pestivirus. Houve uma piora do quadro clínico e o animal morreu. Essa malformação de etiologia desconhecida deve ser estudada como um diagnóstico diferencial.(AU)

Weight adjustment equation for hair sheep raised in warm conditions.

To estimate the nutritional requirements of hair sheep, knowledge about the animal's weight and its relationships with growth performances is essential. A study was carried with the objective to establish the relationships between BW, fasting BW (FBW), empty BW (EBW), average daily gain (ADG) and empty BW gain (EBWG) for hair sheep in growing and finishing phases in Brazilian conditions. Databases were obtained from 32 studies, for a total of 1145 observations; there were 3 sex classes (non-castrated male, castrated male and female) and 2 feeding systems (pasture and feedlot). The most representative breeds in the database were Santa Ines (n = 473), Morada Nova (n = 70) and Brazilian Somali (n = 47). The other animals in the database were crossbreeds (n = 555). The FBW (kg), EBW and EBWG (kg/day) were estimated according to linear regression. A random coefficient model was adopted, considering the study as a random effect and including the possibility of covariance between the slope and the intercept. The coefficients obtained from the linear regression of the FBW against the BW, EBW against the FBW and EBWG against the ADG did not differ between sex class (P > 0.05) and genotype (P > 0.05). The equations generated to estimate FBW from the BW, EBW from the FBW and EBWG from the ADG are as follows: FBW = -0.5470 (±0.2025) + 0.9313(±0.019) × BW, EBW = -1.4944 (±0.3639) + 0.8816 (±0.018) × FBW and EBWG = 0.906 (±0.019) × ADG, respectively. The low mean squared error values found in the cross-validation confirmed the reliability of these equations. Considering a sheep with a BW of 30 kg and a 100 g ADG, the estimated FBW, EBW and EBWG calculated using the generated equations are 27, 22.65 and 0.090 kg, respectively. In conclusion, the generated equations can be used in growing hair sheep. The validation procedure applied to the generated equations showed that its use for hair sheep seems to be appropriate.

Effects of different lipid sources on intake, digestibility and purine derivatives in hair lambs.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different lipid sources on the nutrient intake, digestibility and purine derivative excretion of lambs. Thirty-five 60-day-old, male, non-castrated Santa Ines lambs with an initial average body weight (BW) of 13.00 ± 1.80 kg were used in a randomized complete block design with seven blocks and five treatments. The experimental treatments consisted of a control diet without supplemental lipids and four test diets with different lipid supplements, selected according to the degree of ruminal protection from hydrogenation: supplementation, being supplementation with whole cottonseed (WC), supplementation with cashew nut meal (CNM), supplementation with both cottonseed and cashew nut meal (WC-CNM) and supplementation with calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids (Ca-LCFA). The lambs were slaughtered after reaching 28 kg average BW for each treatment. The ether extract intake (EEI) was higher (p < 0.01) for the lipid supplemented compared to control diet lambs. Supplementation with WC decreased the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and total carbohydrate (TC) (p < 0.01), whereas supplementation with CNM, WC-CNM and Ca-LCFA reduced non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) digestibility (p < 0.01). The ether extract (EE) digestibility coefficient was higher with CNM, followed by Ca-LCFA and WC, when compared to WC-CNM and control diets. Nitrogen balance (NB) was not influenced (p > 0.05) by the different lipid sources. A lower purine derivative (PD) excretion and thus lower microbial protein supply (MPS) was observed for animals supplemented with Ca-LCFA (p < 0.01) compared to the WC-CNM and control diets. In conclusion, WC, CNM and WC-CNM supplementation did not have negative effects on MPS, although negative effects have been observed on nutrient digestibility.

Porcentagem de proteína em suplementos para ovinos mantidos em pasto de capim-aruana na época seca / Protein percentage in supplements for sheep grazing Aruana grass on dry season

Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo de forragem e o desempenho de ovinos mantidos em pastagem de capim-aruana, submetidos a porcentagens crescentes de proteína bruta (PB) no suplemento, na época seca. Vinte borregos da raça Santa Inês foram utilizados em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os suplementos foram fornecidos em 1,0% do peso corporal, nas porcentagens de 0, 15, 20, 25 e 30%. O aumento de proteína bruta influenciou o consumo total de matéria seca (kg/dia) e a porcentagem do peso vivo, com valores máximos estimados de 1.296g (3,2% de MS) com 21,48 e 21,89% de PB no suplemento, respectivamente. O consumo de forragem máximo, estimado de 893g/dia, ocorreu com a PB de 21,5%. O aumento de PB nos suplementos resultou em efeito quadrático sobre o ganho médio diário, com valor máximo de 104g/dia com a PB de 23% no suplemento. Recomenda-se o uso de suplementos múltiplos com 21 a 23% de PB fornecidos na proporção de 1% do peso corporal (PC) para ovinos mantidos em pastos de capim-aruana na época seca...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the forage intake and grazing sheep performance keep on Aruana grass subjected to increasing crude protein (CP) levels in the supplement on dry season. Twenty Santa Ines male lambs were used, with initial body weight of 31.80kg by a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. The supplements were provided daily at 1% of body weight, with protein levels of 0, 15, 20, 25 and 30%. The increase of the crude protein levels promoted a squarely effect on dry matter intake (kg/day and % of BW), with maximum estimated values of 1296g and 3.2% of DM in CP levels of 21.48 and 21.89, respectively. The maximum forage intake estimated of 893g/day occurred in CP level de 21.51%. The increased of crude protein level in supplements increased squarely the average daily gain, with a maximum of 104g/day, for the 23% crude protein in the supplement. Thus, the use of the multiple supplements supplied in 1% of body weight with CP levels ranged 21 a 23% is indicated for sheep grazing Aruana grass on dry season...

Avaliação do vício de "tempo longo" de indicadores internos em ensaio de digestão com ruminantes / Evaluation of internal markers long term bias in a digestion assay with ruminants

Realizou-se um ensaio de digestão com 20 ovinos machos, castrados, para avaliar o viés de "tempo longo" (VTL) dos indicadores internos: matéria seca indigestível (MSi) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDNi) e ácido (FDAi) indigestíveis. O experimento, com duração de 19 dias, foi implementado em delineamento em blocos completos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (rações concentradas) e quatro blocos. As dietas utilizadas, formuladas para serem isoprotéicas (10 por cento de proteína bruta), apresentaram 60 por cento de feno de capim-coastcross e 40 por cento de concentrado, constituído por milho grão, farelo de soja e casca de café, em diferentes proporções: 0; 6,25; 12,5; 18,75; e 25 por cento. A concentração dos indicadores foi estimada em amostras de alimentos, sobras e fezes, por procedimento de incubação ruminal in situ, durante 144 horas. A relação entre consumo e excreção dos indicadores foi realizada pelo ajustamento de modelo de regressão linear simples, de forma independente dos efeitos fixos de tratamentos e blocos. Verificou-se recuperação completa dos indicadores MSi e FDNi (P>0,30), o que indica ausência de VTL. Observou-se VTL de +25,45 g/dia para a FDAi (P<0,06).

Long term bias (LTB) of internal markers indigestible dry matter (iDM), and indigestible neutral (iNDF) and acid (iADF) detergent fiber in a digestion assay with ruminants was evaluated. Twenty castrated male ovines were managed in metabolic crates. A completely randomized block design with five treatments (concentrate rations) and four blocks was used. Diets were isonitrogenous diets (10 percent of crude protein) were formulated to containing 60 percent of coastcross hay and 40 percent of concentrate, in dry matter basis. The concentrates were based on corn grain, soybean meal and coffee hulls, in different levels (0, 6.25, 12.5, 18.75, and 25 percent), as fed-basis. The markers contents in feeds, orts, and feces were estimated by a 144 hours in situ rumen incubation procedure. The relationship between markers intake and fecal excretion was accomplished by a simple linear regression model adjustment, independently of the effects of block and treatment. The total iDM and iNDF recovery (P>.30), with LTB free, was observed. The iADF had +25.45 g/day LTB (P<.06).

Digestibilidade fecal e ileal de dietas com diferentes fontes de fibra para coelhos / Fecal and ileal digestibility of rabbits diets with different fiber sources

Foram realizados dois experimentos com coelhas da raça Nova Zelândia Branco, com o objetivo de se avaliar o efeito de cinco fontes de fibra sobre a digestibilidade fecal e ileal. Calculou-se uma dieta padräo, na qual a principal fonte de fibra foi o feno de alfafa. As outras dietas se caracterizaram pela substituiçäo isométrica do feno de alfafa pelo feno de guandu, palha de feijäo, palha e sabugo de milho branco e feno de coast cross. utilizou-se a coleta total das fezes para determinaçäo da digestibilidade aparente. A digestibilidade das dietas foi afetada pelo uso das diferentes fontes de fibra. A dieta de palha e sabugo de milho branco apresentou o maior coeficiente de digestibilidade da proteína, no entanto a digestibilidade da MS, MO e EB foi significativamente inferior à dos demais tratamentos. Para a digestibilidade ileal utilizaram-se coelhas fistuladas no íleo e como indicadores o óxido crômico, a lignina e a fibra em detergente ácido. MSD, PD e MOD apresentaram valores significativamente diferentes entre os indicadores utilizados, sendo que a lignina mostrou resultados mais confiáveis como indicador da digestibilidade ileal