A jaboticaba extract prevents prostatic damage associated with aging and high-fat diet intake.

Aging and overweight are involved in prostatic lesion development, due to their association with cell proliferation, hormonal imbalance and angiogenesis. The jaboticaba fruit is rich in bioactive compounds, showing potential chemopreventive action such as the capacity to modulate hormones and angiogenesis hallmarks. This study aimed to evaluate the jaboticaba extract (PJE) effect on the prostate morphology and on molecules related to hormone signaling and angiogenesis, during aging and/or high-fat diet (HFD) intake. Seventy FVB mice were distributed into experimental groups: YG group (young: 3 month old mice), AG group (aged: 11 month old mice), HfAG group (aged + HFD), JAGI group (aged + 2.9 g kg-1 PJE), JAGII group (aged + 5.8 g kg-1 PJE), HfJAGI group (aged + HFD + 2.9 g kg-1 PJE) and HfJAGII group (aged + HFD + 5.8 g kg-1 PJE). The ventral prostate was collected for morphological, immunohistochemistry and western-blotting analysis after 60 days of treatment. All PJE treatments promoted hormonal signaling balance and inhibited angiogenesis in the prostates of aged or HFD-fed aged mice, leading to the maintenance of healthy prostate morphology. A high dose of the PJE (JAGII and HfJAGII groups) led to the best capacity to reduce AR (58.40% and 74.42%; p = 0.0240 and p = 0.0023), ERα (30.29% and 45.12%; p = 0.0004 and p < 0.0001), aromatase (39.54% and 55.94%; p = 0.0038 and p = 0.0020), and VEGF (50.81% and 67.68%; p < 0.0001) and increase endostatin immunoexpression. Moreover, HFD intake intensified the hormonal and angiogenic alterations in the aged mouse prostates, contributing to the increase in premalignant lesion incidence. The PJE exerted a dose-dependent positive effect on aged or HFD-fed aged mouse prostates, contributing to the gland microenvironment recovery, mainly due to the hormonal and angiogenic balance. Therefore, we suggest that the PJE can be a potential candidate for prostatic lesion prevention.

Ethanol and caffeine consumption modulates the expression of miRNAs in the cerebellum and plasma of UChB rats.

AIMS: The present study aimed to verify changes in cerebellar and plasmatic expression of miRNAs after the chronic consumption of ethanol and caffeine in the UChB rat, an experimental model for alcoholism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male rats at 5 months of age, were divided into the following groups (n = 10/group): 1. Ethanol (UChB rats receiving 10% ethanol solution and water ad libitum); 2. Ethanol + caffeine (UChB rats receiving 10% ethanol solution + 3g/l caffeine and water ad libitum); 3. Control (rats receiving water ad libitum). The cerebellum and plasma of the animals were collected and processed by RT-PCR for the miRNAs-155-5p, -146a-5p, -126-3p, -132-3p, -339-5p. KEY FINDINGS: Ethanol and caffeine were capable of regulating the expression of miRNAs associated with the inflammatory process in the tissue and plasma of the UChB rats. Increased expression of the analyzed miRNAs-155-5p, -146a-5p, -126-3p, -132-3p was observed for the cerebellar tissue in the Ethanol group and reduced expression of them in the Ethanol + caffeine group. In plasma, caffeine significantly elevated the miR-126-3p and miR-132-3p levels and decreased miR-155-5p levels. Ethanol consumption increased miR-146a-5p expression and decreased miR-339-5p levels. In brief, altered plasmatic levels of the miRNAs did not reflect the miRNAs levels found in cerebellar tissue. SIGNIFICANCE: Considering the results herein, we concluded that ethanol predisposes to an inflammatory process while caffeine has a neuroprotective effect on the cerebellar tissue.

Prostatic microenvironment in senescence: fibroblastic growth factors × hormonal imbalance.

The aim was to characterize and correlate steroid hormone receptors with the FGF2, FGF7 and FGF8 reactivities in the prostatic epithelium and stroma in senile rats. Fifty male senile rats and 10 young male rats were divided into the young (YNG), the senile groups (SE), the castrated group (CAS), the estrogen-deficient group (ED), the castrated + estrogen group (CASE), and the estrogen-deficient + androgen group (EDTEST). The ventral prostate was submitted to immunohistochemical and Western blotting analyses. The results showed decreased AR and ERß levels and increased ERα in the senile animals in relation to YNG group. Increased ERα and ERß reactivities presenting differential localization were characterized in the CASE group compared to the CAS group. Increased FGF2 level was observed in the stroma of the CAS and ED groups in relation to the SE group and in the epithelium of the ED group in relation to the other groups. Increased and differential immunolocalization of FGF7 levels were observed in the CAS, ED and CASE groups. The FGF8 levels showed differential localization in the CAS and ED groups compared to the senile group. The intense hormone ablation was favorable to the autocrine signaling of FGF2 and FGF8. FGF7 could be activated in the androgen-independent via considering the increased FGF7 in the castrated rats. We concluded that hormone ablation in senescence was favorable to activation or/and to fibroblast signaling in the prostatic microenvironment.

Steroid hormone receptors, matrix metalloproteinases, insulin-like growth factor, and dystroglycans interactions in prostatic diseases in the elderly men.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reactivity of steroid hormone receptors (SHRs), dystroglycans (DGs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR-1), and laminin (Lam) in both prostatic stromal and epithelial compartments showing different diseases in elderly men. METHODS: Sixty prostatic samples were obtained from 60- to 90-year-old patients (mean 63 years) with and without prostatic lesions from Hospital of the School of Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP). The Samples were divided into standard (no lesions); high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN); prostatic cancer (PC); and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) groups. The samples were submitted to immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analyses. Research Ethics Committee of the School of Medicine, University of Campinas/UNICAMP (number 0094.0.146.000-08). RESULTS: The results showed increased IGFR-1 and MMPs protein levels in the PC and HGPIN groups. Decreased αDG and ßDG protein levels were verified in the PC and HGPIN groups. Androgen receptor (AR) reactivity was similar among all groups. Estrogen receptor α (Erα) immunoreactivity was more intense in the epithelium in the PC and HGPIN groups. Estrogen receptor ß (ERß) immunoreactivity was weak in the epithelium of the HGPIN and PC groups. CONCLUSIONS: To conclude, there was an association among IGFR-1, MMPs, and SHRs, indicating IGFR-1 as a target molecule in prostate therapy, considering the IGF proliferative properties. Also, the distinct SHRs reactivities in the lesions in both prostatic compartments indicated different paracrine signals and pointed out the importance of estrogenic pathways in the activation of these disorders.

IGFR-I expression and structural analysis of the hard palatine mucosa in an ethanol-drinking rat strain (UChA and UChB).

The study analyzed the effects of chronic alcohol ingestion on the ultrastructure of the lining epithelium of the hard palatine mucosa of rats UChA and UChB (lines with voluntary alcohol consumption) in order to contribute to the understanding of the consequences of alcohol abuse for the morphology of the digestive system. Thirty female adult animals aged 120 days were divided into three experimental groups. (1) Ten UChA rats (genetically low ethanol consumer) with voluntary intake of 10% v/v (5.45 g/kg/day) ethanol solution and water. (2) Ten UChB (genetically high ethanol consumer) rats with voluntary intake of 10% v/v (7.16 g/kg/day) ethanol solution and water. (3) Ten Wistar rats with voluntary ad libitum water intake (control group). Both groups received Nuvital pellets ad libitum. The IGFR-I expression was intense in both experimental groups. The epithelial cells of the alcoholic rats UChA and UChB showed many alterations such as the presence of lipid droplets, altered nuclei, nuclei in corneum layer and disrupted mitochondria. It was concluded that ethanol intake induces ultrastructural lesions in the hard palatine mucosa.

Venous communication between the right and left kidneys: a rare anatomic variation / Comunicación venosa entre los riñones derecho e izquierdo: una rara variación anatómica

Renal vascular anatomic variations, especially of the renal arteries, have been observed in about 20-30 percent of cases, which are very often verified in the left antimere. These variations showed two or three renal arteries stemming directly from the aorta. These anatomic variations have been considered extremely important risk factors in surgical proceedings by different authors. The dissection of a cadaver showed an uncommon venous feature in addition to renal artery variation, specially, in the left antimere. A direct venous communication between left and right kidneys was verified without there being any relation to the inferior cava vein or common iliac veins. Thus, the knowledge of blood vessel anatomic variation is an important element to improve surgical techniques as well as to provide precise analyses of urological and radiological proceedings in different renal diseases. Specially, taking into consideration that hard traction of the renal pedicle could rupture the vessels, leading to lethal hemorrhaging.

Se han observado variaciones anatómicas vasculares renales, especialmente de las arterias renales, en una frecuencia alrededor del 20 a 30 por ciento de los casos, cuya incidencia se verifica a menudo en el antímero izquierdo. En estas variaciones, de acuerdo con lo que se notó, dos o tres arterias renales provenían directamente de la aorta. Distintos autores han considerado que estas variaciones anatómicas son factores de riesgo extremadamente importantes en los procedimientos quirúrgicos. En esta investigación, por medio de la disección de un cadáver, se observó una característica venosa rara, además de la variación de la arteria renal, especialmente en el antímero izquierdo. Se verificó una comunicación venosa directa entre los ríñones izquierdo y derecho, pese al hecho que no sea común cualquier relación con la vena cava inferior o las venas ilíacas comunes. Así, el conocimiento de la variación anatómica del vaso sanguíneo es un elemento importante para implementar técnicas quirúrgicas, así como proporcionar análisis exactos de procedimientos urológicos y radiológicos en diversas enfermedades renales, pues se debe considerar además que la tracción dura del pedículo renal podría romper los vasos y ocasionar una hemorragia mortal.

Ultrastructural and proliferative features of the ventral lobe of the prostate in non-obese diabetic mice (NOD) following androgen and estrogen replacement associated to insulin therapy.

Diabetes causes harmful effects on prostatic function. Thus, the aims of this study were to characterize morphological and proliferative features of the prostate of diabetic mice after long-term glycemic control and testosterone and estrogen replacement. A total of 48 mice (Nod and BALBc) were used. After 20 days in a diabetic state, the mice were divided into six groups: the control group received a 5mL/kg dose of peanut oil; the diabetic group received the same treatment as the control group; the diabetic-insulin group received 4IU doses of insulin; the diabetic-testosterone group received a 5mg/kg dose of testosterone cypionate; the diabetic-estrogen group received a 25 microg/kg dose of 17beta-estradiol; the diabetic-insulin-testosterone-estrogen group received insulin, testosterone and estrogen at the same concentration as the other groups. After 20 days, the ventral lobe was processed for morphological and immunological analyses. The results showed structural disorganization, which was more intense in the diabetic group than in the other groups. The diabetic state showed a proliferation and apoptosis rate that was two times higher than that found in the control group. To conclude, diabetes disturbed the prostatic secretory activity and the association of insulin, testosterone and estrogen was crucial for glandular structural restoration, characterizing the complex activity of the prostate. The imbalance verified between the proliferation process and apoptosis in diabetic mice showed diabetes to be a triggering factor for prostatic pathogenesis.

The influence of type I diabetes mellitus in periodontal disease induced changes of the gingival epithelium and connective tissue.

Periodontal disease constitutes the most frequent chronic diseases in human dentition. Bacterial plaque is the main etiologic agent, although it is the host immune response that causes periodontal tissue destruction. Diabetes is considered an important risk factor, not only for the onset but also for progression of the disease. The aim of this study was to analyze structural changes in the rat gingival epithelium and connective tissue in response to the experimental periodontal disease induced by the ligature technique, under the influence of diabetes. The results showed that experimental periodontal disease is characterized by marked inflammation, affecting both the epithelial and connective tissues, causing degeneration of the dermal papilla, increase in the number of inflammatory cells, destruction of reticulin fibers, and accumulation of dense collagen fibers (fibrosis). These changes were worsened by diabetes, apparently by hampering the inflammatory response and affecting tissue repair of the affected tissues.

Immunolocalization of androgen and oestrogen receptors in the ventral lobe of rat (Rattus norvegicus) prostate after long-term treatment with ethanol and nicotine.

Nicotine and alcohol adversely affect prostate gland function. In this work, immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the immunoreactivity and distribution of androgen and alpha, beta-oestrogen receptors following chronic treatment with alcohol, nicotine or a combination of both substances, as well as to relate these results to the development of possible prostatic pathologies. Forty male rats were divided into four groups: the Control group received tap water; the Alcoholic group received diluted 10% Gay Lussac ethanol; the Nicotine group received a 0.125 mg/100 g body weight dose of nicotine injected subcutaneously on a daily basis (Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO, USA); the Nicotine-Alcohol group received simultaneous alcohol and nicotine treatment. After 90 days of treatment, samples of the ventral lobe of the prostate were collected and processed for immunohistochemistry, light microscopy and the quantification of serum hormonal concentrations. The results showed significantly decreased serum testosterone levels and increased serum oestrogen levels in the animals from the nicotine-alcohol, the alcoholic and the nicotine groups, as well as their hormonal receptor levels. Then, it was concluded that ethanol and nicotine compromised the prostatic hormonal balance, which is a crucial factor to maintain the morphological and physiological features of this organ.

Evaluation of the ethanol intake on the Calomys callosus seminal vesicle structure.

The effects of chronic alcohol ingestion on the structure of the glandular epithelium of the seminal vesicle of the rodent Calomys callosus were analyzed in 24 adult animals aged 3 months divided into three experimental groups. The control group received a solid diet and tap water, the alcoholic group received the same solid diet and ethanol P.A. diluted 20% in water (v/v) for 4 months. The abstinent group received the same liquid diet of the alcoholic one for the same period and after that the alcoholic diet was changed by water for a period of 3 months. After treatment, all animals were anesthetized, weighed and sacrificed. At the end of treatment, mean body weight did not differ between animal groups. The glandular epithelial cells of the alcoholic and abstinent groups showed atrophy and ultrastructural alterations such as the presence of altered nuclei, intense dilatation of the cisterns of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, intense digestive vacuoles and lipid droplets. Ethanol ingestion provokes marked lesions on the epithelium of the seminal vesicle probably interfering on the glandular secretion.

Morphometric and morphological features of the ventral prostate in rats submitted to chronic nicotine and alcohol treatment.

Clinical studies analyzing simultaneous nicotine-alcohol use by patients showed important alterations in various organic systems such as: respiratory, digestory, and genital. Also, the prostatic morphology and physiology have been analyzed, specially due to large occurrence of prostatic diseases. Then, this work aimed at determining the structure and ultrastructure of the prostatic stroma and epithelium, as well as the stroma epithelium interactions from rats submitted to simultaneous long-term alcohol-nicotine treatment. A total of 40 male rats were divided into four groups: control group (10 animals) received tap water; alcoholic group (10 animals) received diluted 10% Gay Lussac ethanol; nicotine group (10 animals) received a 0.125mg/100g of body weight dose of nicotine injected subcutaneosly on a daily basis; nicotine-alcohol group (10 animals) received simultaneous alcohol and nicotine treatment. After 90 days of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and samples from the ventral lobe of the prostate were collected and processed for transmission electron and light microscopies. The results showed atrophied epithelium; prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia; dilated cisterns of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, large amounts of collagen fibers besides inflammatory cells, specially in the alcoholic and nicotine-alcohol groups. Therefore, it could be concluded that the association between alcohol and nicotine caused the impairment of the prostatic secretory process. Moreover, this association is related to prostatic pathogenesis, which could lead to late glandular malignancy.

Morphometric and ultrastructure features of the ventral prostate of rats (Rattus norvegicus) submitted to long-term nicotine treatment.

The harmful effects of nicotine on male genital system fertility have been reported in experimental and clinical studies. However, its effects on prostatic cells and glandular pathogenesis remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to analyse the histological, histochemical and ultrastructural alterations, in addition to stereology, of the ventral lobe of the prostate of rats, submitted to chronic nicotine administration, as well as to establish the relationship between these changes and prostate diseases. Twelve male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into two experimental groups: group I (nicotine) and group II (control). Samples of the ventral prostate were collected, processed and submitted to histological analysis, acid phosphatase histochemistry and ultrastructural analysis by transmission and scanning electron microscopies. The results showed that in the nicotine group, the secretory epithelial cells of the ventral lobe of the prostate were atrophied, and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia occurred and reduced the expression of acid phosphatase. The disorganisation of organelles involved in the glandular secretory process, accompanied by biomembrane destructuring, was also observed. In conclusion, nicotine causes drastic alterations in the secretory epithelium of the ventral prostate, compromising its function. Furthermore, nicotine also induces premalignant lesions in the prostate gland, thus representing a risk factor in the development of prostate diseases.

Morphological alterations on the prostate of Calomys callosus submitted to chronic ethanol ingestion.

The objective of the present study was to assess the possible toxic effects of chronic alcohol ingestion on the ultrastructure of the glandular epithelium of the prostate of the rodent Calomys callosus, in order to contribute to the understanding of the consequences of alcohol abuse for the morphology of the male reproductive apparatus. Sixteen adult animals aged three months were divided into two experimental groups. The control group received a solid diet and tap water, and the alcoholic group received the same solid diet and ethanol P.A. diluted 20% in water (v/v). After 120 days of treatment, all animals were anesthetized, weighed and sacrificed. At the end of treatment, mean body weight did not differ between control and alcoholic animals. The prostate epithelial cells of the alcoholic group showed intense atrophy and ultrastructural alterations such as the presence of lipid droplets, altered nuclei, ruptured mitochondrial cristae, and intense dilatation of the cisterns of the granular endoplasmic reticulum. It was concluded that 20% ethanol provokes marked lesions on the epithelium of the prostate probably interfering on the glandular secretion.

Influence of hormonal replacement on the ventral lobe of the prostate of rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) submitted to chronic ethanol treatment.

The harmful influence of the chronic alcohol ingestion on the male reproductive system leads to important alterations including hypogonadism and feminization, besides the morphological and functional disorganization of the different sexual glands. So, the aim of this study was to analyse the structural changes on the ventral lobe of the prostate of rats with hormonal replacement associated to chronic alcohol ingestion. A total of 30 rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) was divided into three groups: control-received water; alcoholic-received ethanol diluted to 20% and hormone-treated alcoholic-received ethanol diluted to 20% associated with the administering of testosterone (5mg/kg of weight) during the last 30 days of treatment. After 150 days of treatment, the animals were sacrificed, the prostate removed and submitted to transmission and scanning electron microscopies, histochemical analysis for acid phosphatase, testosterone level and stereologic analysis. In the alcoholic group the results demonstrated reduction of the total cellular volume and disorganization of the organelles involved in the secretory process. It was characterized a partial recovery of the cellular volume after treatment with testosterone. It was concluded that the ethanol impaired the cellular morphology and the hormonal replacement by itself did not bring about efficient remodeling of the organelles responsible for the secretory process.

Effects of experimental diabetes on the structure and ultrastructure of the coagulating gland of C57BL/6J and NOD mice.

Diabetes mellitus can lead to reproductive disorders that in turn result in weakened fertility brought about by morphofunctional changes in the testes and accessory sex glands. However, doubts persist concerning the basic biology of the secretory epithelial cells and the stroma of the coagulating gland of diabetic mice. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze the histological and ultrastructural changes associated with stereology of the coagulating gland of mice with alloxan-induced diabetes, and of spontaneously diabetic mice. Sixteen mice of the C57BL/6J strain, and eight non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were used. The animals were divided into three groups: 1) control (C), 2) alloxan diabetic (AD), and 3) NOD. Thirty days after the detection of diabetic status in group 2, all of the animals were killed and then perfused with Karnovsky's solution through the left cardiac ventricle. The coagulating gland was then removed and processed for morphometric study by light microscopy and electron microscopy. The results showed thickening of the stroma, atrophy of secretory epithelial cells, and disorganization of the organelles involved in the secretory process in both NOD and alloxan-induced mice. Thus, it may be concluded that the coagulating gland suffered drastic morphological changes, and consequently impaired glandular function, in the presence of diabetes mellitus type I in both NOD and AD mice.

Stereology and ultrastructure of the seminal vesicle of C57/BL/6J mice following chronic alcohol ingestion.

Excessive alcohol consumption causes metabolic changes and pathologic alterations in testes and accessory sex organ in different animal species. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the macroscopic, histologic and ultrastructural alterations provoked by chronic ingestion of different ethanol concentrations over increasing periods of time on the secretory epithelium of the seminal vesicle of C57/BL/6J mice in using stereological methods. Sixty male adult mice were divided into three experimental groups: Control, Alcoholic 25% and Alcoholic 35%, respectively, receiving tap water and tap water containing ethanol diluted to 25 and 35 degrees Gay Lussac. All mice were fed with the same solid diet. After 150 and 250 days of treatment the animals were sacrificed and the seminal vesicles were collected and processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. The cellular, cytoplasmic and nuclear volumes and the area density of autophagic and secretory vacuoles were measured. The histologic alterations observed in the alcoholic mice consisted of a reduction in epithelial size and cell volume, with maintenance of the same nuclear and cytoplasmic ratio as verified in the control groups. The ultrastructural alterations were: increased density of dense body area, decreased density of secretory granule area, and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi cisternae. We conclude that chronic ethanol ingestion causes depleting morphologic alterations in the epithelial cells of the seminal vesicle and negatively affects the secretory process of this gland.

Ultrastructural observations of the dorsal lobe of the prostate of rats (rattus norvegicus) submitted to experimental chronic alcohol ingestion

Los problemas relacionados al consumo abusivo de bebidas alcohólicas, son una de las preocupaciones de salud pública más discutidas. Se han estudiado las alteraciones morfológicas y funcionales causadas por ingestión crónica de alcohol en los testículos y órganos sexuales accesorios de los hombres y de los animales de laboratorio. El objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar los eventuales cambios morfológicos en el epitelio secretorio del lóbulo dorsal de la próstata, en ratas sometidas a la ingestión crónica de alcohol. Las ratas adultas en el grupo experimental fueron divididas según los períodos del tratamiento de 60, 120, 180, 240 y 300 días, recibiendo para beber sólo alcohol de caña de azúcar de 30º (30 por ciento v/v) y fueron alimentadas con ración de Purina a voluntad. Al final de cada período de tratamiento, cuatro ratas de cada grupo fueron anestesiadas por inhalación de éter y perfundida con 2,5 por ciento glutaraldeido y fragmentos del lóbulo dorsal fueron removidos y procesados para la microscopía electrónica. Los resultados demostraron a nivel celular reducción general del citoplasma y del retículo endoplasmático granular, así como también formación circular que consiste en membranas concéntricas en la región apical de las células epiteliales secretorias del lóbulo dorsal. La ingestión crónica del alcohol tuvo efectos deletéreos en las células epiteliasles secretoras del lóbulo dorsal de la próstata, después de los diferentes períodos del tratamiento

Effects of experimental chronic alcoholism on the seminal vesicle and testis weigh of adult rats (rattus norvegicus)

Fueron estudiados los efectos del alcoholismo crónico experimental en el peso de las glándulas sexuales accesorias y en el peso del testículo. Ratas albinas adultas recibieron solamente aguardiente de caña de 30º Gay Lussac (v/v), mientras los controles recibieron agua del grifo. Después de 60, 120, 180 y 240 días de tratamiento las ratas de cada grupo fueron anestesiadas, pesadas y sacrificadas. Fueron registrados: alteraciones en el consumo de ración diario y consumo líquido, aumento de peso medio diario, peso medio de la próstata, de la vesícula seminal, de las glándulas de coagulación y peso del testículo. El alcoholismo crónico experimental afecto al peso tanto de las vesículas seminales, como de los testículos, ocasionando una reducción de ellos, recuperándose éstos órganos 240 días posterior a la suspensión de la administración del alcohol

Ultrastructural study of the coagulating gland epithelium of the rat (Rattus norvegicus) after vasectomy

Las alteraciones morfológicas de la glándula de coagulación de las ratas vasectomizadas, fueron observadas utilizando microscopía de luz y microscopía electrónica de transmisión. Los resultados demostraron disminución en la altura del epitelio secretor. Observaciones ultraestructurales mostraron atrofia de las cisternas del retículo endoplasmático granular

Effects of experimental chronic alcoholism on the reproductive system of the male rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Amostras de vários órgäos que compöem o sistema reprodutor masculino, tais como: próstata, glândulas de coagulaçäo, vesículas seminais, uretra, bexiga urinária, parte dos ureteres e ductos deferentes, foram coletados e pesados com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do alcoolismo crônico experimental. Foi comprovada estatisticamente uma reduçäo do peso corporal e atrofia generalizada dos órgäos em estudo, em especial da próstata e vesícula seminal