Health effect of public sports services and public health services: empirical evidence from China.

There is no clear explanation for the extraordinary rebound in China's population mortality over the past decade. This paper utilizes panel data from 31 Chinese provinces from 2010 to 2020 to determine the distinct impacts of public sports services (PSS), public health services (PMS), and their interaction on population mortality. Empirical results show that public sports services significantly reduce mortality. Every unit increase in public sports services reduces mortality by about 2.3%. It is characterized by delayed realization. Public health services were surprisingly associated with a rebound in mortality. Further studies found strong health effect from interaction of public sports and health services. The effect was significantly strengthened in areas with fewer extreme temperatures or developed economy. The findings have important policy implications for the high-quality development of public sports and health services. It also emphasizes integration of sports and medicine and mitigates health risks associated with extreme temperatures.

Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Fat Loss and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Young and Middle-Aged a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review is conducted to evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in the young and middle-aged. METHODS: Seven databases were searched from their inception to 22 October 2022 for studies (randomized controlled trials only) with HIIT and MICT intervention. Meta-analysis was carried out for within-group (pre-intervention vs. post-intervention) and between-group (HIIT vs. MICT) comparisons for change in body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percent fat mass (PFM), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and CRF. RESULTS: A total of 1738 studies were retrieved from the database, and 29 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Within-group analyses indicated that both HIIT and MICT can bring significant improvement in body composition and CRF, except for FFM. Between-group analyses found that compared to MICT, HIIT brings significant benefits to WC, PFM, and VO2peak. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of HIIT on fat loss and CRF in the young and middle-aged is similar to or better than MICT, which might be influenced by age (18-45 years), complications (obesity), duration (>6 weeks), frequency, and HIIT interval. Despite the clinical significance of the improvement being limited, HIIT appears to be more time-saving and enjoyable than MICT.

Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training Combined with Fasting in the Treatment of Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVES: A systematic review and meta-analysis is conducted to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with fasting (HIIT + fasting) and other interventions (HIIT alone, fasting alone, or normal intervention) in adults with overweight and obesity on body composition (body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percent fat mass (PFM), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM)), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2peak), and glucose metabolism (fasting plasma glucose (FPG)), fasting plasma insulin (FPI)). METHODS: The databases of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embace, Web of Science, CNKI, Wangfang Data, and CBM were searched from their inception to February 2022. Randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of HIIT + fasting and other interventions on adults with overweight and obesity were included in this meta-analysis. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The effect size was completed by using mean difference (MD) and standard deviation. If there were varying units or large differences among the included studies, the standardized mean difference (SMD) would be used. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). RESULTS: Nine randomized controlled trials with 230 overweight and obese adults were conducted in accordance with our inclusion criteria. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that compared to the control group HIIT + fasting had better effects on the body mass, WC, FM, and VO2peak, while there were no significant differences in PFM, FFM, FPG, and FPI. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the number of included trials being small and the GRADE of all outcomes being very low, HIIT + fasting has a positive effect on the body composition of overweight and obese adults, and significantly improves VO2peak. For adults with overweight and obesity who have long-term comorbidity, HIIT + fasting was a better way to improve FPG than HIIT alone or fasting alone. More studies are required to investigate different combinations of HIIT + fasting; and the safety of HIIT + fasting intervention on overweight and obese adults.

[Effects of muscle derived-IL-6 on insulin resistance of skeletal muscle cells and its mechanisms].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of exogenous calcium-load on promoting muscle-derived IL-6 secretion, and regulating AMPK and p38MAPK signal pathway to improve insulin resistance. METHODS: C2C12 cell lines and palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance C2C12 cell lines were selected as the experimental objects. Preliminary experiment was aimed to determinate the glucose concentrations of culture solutions and observe contraction status of cells under microscope following different calcium concentrations culture 24 h. In the first official experiment, cells were divided into four groups: control group (A group, normal culture solution), IR group(B group, 0.6 mmol/L palmitic acid culture cells 24 h), 1 000 ng/ml IL-6 culture IR B group cells 48 h(IL-6+IR group) and IL-6 shRNA culture A group cells (IL-6shRNA group). In the second official experiment, cells were divided into three groups: IR group(A group), 100 µmol/L CaCl2 culture IR group cells 48 h(CaCl2+IR group) and 100 µmol/L CaCl2 and IL-6shRNA co- culture IR group cells 48 h(CaCl2+IL-6shRNA+IR group). The expression levels of GLUT4 mRNA and IL-6 mRNA were measured by real-time PCR, the protein expression levels of p-AMPK, p-p38MAPK, p-IRS-1 and p-PI-3K were measured by Western blot. RESULTS: Preliminary experiment results showed that compared with 0 µmol/L CaCl2 group, the glucose concentrations were decreased significantly after cells treated with CaCl2, at different concentrations. The cell contractions were observed under microscope and the cell contraction was most obvious treated with 100 µmol/L CaCl2. The first official experiment results showed that compared with IR group, the contents of p-AMP-activated protein kinase(p-AMPK), p-insulin receptor substrate 1(p-IRS-1), p-phosphoinositide-3 kinase(p-PI-3K), the expression level of glucose transporter 4(GLUT4) mRNA and the glucose uptake of IL-6+IR group were increased significantly(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), the p-p38MAPK protein expression level was decreased significantly (P＜0.01) ; Compared with control group, the expression levels of p-AMPK, P-IRS-1, p-PI-3K, the expression level of GLUT4 mRNA and the glucose uptake of IL-6shRNA group were decreased significantly (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), the p-p38MAPK protein expression level was increased significantly (P＜0.01). The second official experiment results showed that compared with IR group, the expression levels of p-AMPK, P-IRS-1, p-PI-3K, the level of GLUT4 mRNA of CaCl2+IR group were increased significantly (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), the p-p38MAPK protein expression level was decreased significantly (P＜0.01); Compared with CaCl2+IR group, the contents of p-AMPK, P-IRS-1, p-PI-3K, the expression level of GLUT4 mRNA and the glucose uptake of CaCl2+IL-6 shRNA+IR group were decreased significantly (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), the p-p38MAPK protein expression level was increased significantly (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: Exogenous Ca-load can stimulate muscle cells contraction, and exercise-induced IL-6 improves insulin resistance by activating AMPK, PI-3Kand inhibiting p38MAPK signal pathway.

Effects of Codonopsis pilosula water extract on MicroRNA expression profile in D-galactose-induced senile mice.

This paper aims to observe and analyze effects of Codonopsis pilosula water extract on micro RNA (miRNA) expression profile in liver tissue of senile mice. The 110 Konminmice were randomly divided into five groups, including D-galactose-induced senile model group, normal control group, and low, middle and high dose intervention groups. Continuous modeling lasted 40 days. General symptoms and changes of body mass of the model mice were monitored and observed. The levels of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of mice were compared, and miRNA of differential expression during aging of D-galactose-induction and high-dose Codonopsis pilosula intervention was analyzed. The serum ALT and ALP levels in the aging model group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group (P<0.05). The serum ALT and ALP levels of Codonopsis pilosula intervention group were lower than those of aging model group, and decrease in ALP value of high dose intervention group was higher (P<0.05). The expression profile of miRNA in the aging model group was significantly different from that in normal control group and high-dose Codonopsis pilosula intervention group, and miRNA expression profile in high-dose Codonopsis pilosula intervention group was clustered with that in the normal control group. The differentially expressed miRNAs of D-galactose-induced senescence and Codonopsis pilosula anti-aging usually belong to 7 miRNA clusters. The target gene function of the differentially expressed miRNAs during senescence process was enriched in 29 signal pathways. There were 67 regulatory signal pathways in differentially expressed miRNA target genes during Codonopsis pilosula intervention. The effect of miRNA targeting may play an important role during D-galactose-induced senescence and Codonopsis pilosula anti-aging period.

Energy Transfer in a Hybrid Ir(III) Carbene-Pt(II) Acetylide Assembly for Efficient Hydrogen Production.

A new heterometallic supramolecular complex, consisting of an iridium carbene-based unit appended to a platinum terpyridine acetylide unit, representing a new Ir(III) -Pt(II) structural motif, was designed and developed to act as an active species for photocatalytic hydrogen production. The results also suggested that a light-harvesting process is essential to realize the solar-to-fuel conversion in an artificial system as illustrated in the natural photosynthetic system.

Hydrogen photogeneration promoted by efficient electron transfer from iridium sensitizers to colloidal MoS2 catalysts.

We report the utilization of colloidal MoS2 nanoparticles (NPs) for multicomponent photocatalytic water reduction systems in cooperation with a series of cyclometalated Ir(III) sensitizers. The effects of the particle size and particle dispersion of MoS2 NPs catalyst, reaction solvent and the concentration of the components on hydrogen evolution efficiency were investigated. The MoS2 NPs exhibited higher catalytic performance than did other commonly used water reduction catalysts under identical experiment conditions. The introduction of the carboxylate anchoring groups in the iridium complexes allows the species to be favorably chem-adsorbed onto the MoS2 NPs surface to increase the electron transfer, resulting in enhancement of hydrogen evolution relative to the non-attached systems. The highest apparent quantum yield, which was as high as 12.4%, for hydrogen evolution, was obtained (λ = 400 nm).

Water reduction systems associated with homoleptic cyclometalated iridium complexes of various 2-phenylpyridines.

The photoreduction of water to hydrogen represents a promising method for generating sustainable clean fuel. The molecular processes of this photoreduction require an effective light absorber, such as the ruthenium polybipyridine complex, to collect and convert the solar energy into a usable chemical form. In the search for a highly active and stable photosensitizer (PS), iridium complexes are attractive because of their desirable photophysical characteristics. Herein, a series of homoleptic tris-cyclometalated iridium complexes, based on different 2-phenylpyridine ligands, were utilized as PSs in photocatalytic systems for hydrogen production with [Rh(dtb-bpy)3 ](PF6 )3 (dtb-bpy=4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-dipyridyl) serving as the water reduction catalyst (WRC) and triethanolamine (TEOA) as the electron donor. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of these complexes were systematically investigated. The excited state of neutral iridium complexes (PS*) could not be quenched by using TEOA as an electron donor, but they could be quenched by using [Rh(dtb-bpy)3 ](PF6 )3 as an electron acceptor, indicating that the PS* quenching pathway in catalytic reactions was most likely an oxidative quenching process. A set of long-lived and highly active systems for hydrogen evolution were obtained in Ir(III) -Rh(III) -TEOA systems. These systems maintained their activity for more than 72 h with visible-light irradiation, and the total turnover number was up to 3040. Comparative studies indicated that the photocatalytic performance of these homoleptic tris-cyclometalated iridium compounds was superior to that of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(ppy)2 (bpy)](PF6 ) (ppy=2-phenylpyridine, bpy=2,2'-dipyridyl) (4), which was used as a reference. The significant increase in the photocatalytic efficiencies was in part attributed to the higher photostability of the neutral Ir(III) complexes. This assumption was supported by their different coordination modes, photophysical, and electrochemical properties.

The roles of aerobic exercise training and suppression IL-6 gene expression by RNA interference in the development of insulin resistance.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the hypothesis that aerobic exercise training inhibits the development of insulin resistance through IL-6 and probe into the possible molecular mechanism about it. METHODS: Rats were raised with high-fat diets for 8 weeks to develop insulin resistance, and glucose infusion rates (GIRs) were determined by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamping to confirm the development of insulin resistance. Aerobic exercise training (the speed and duration time in the first week were respectively 16 m/min and 50 min, and speed increased 1m/min and duration time increased 5 min every week following it) and/or IL-6shRNA plasmid injection (rats received IL-6shRNA injection via the tail vein every two weeks) were adopted during the development of insulin resistance. The serum IL-6, leptin, adiponectin, fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin, GIR, IL-6 gene expression levels, p-p38 in various tissues and p-STAT3/t-STAT3 ratio in the liver were measured. RESULTS: Rats fed with high-fat diets for 8 weeks were developed insulin resistance and the IL-6mRNA levels of IL-6shRNA injection groups in various tissues were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.05), respectively. The development of insulin resistance in exercise rats significantly decreased, however, compared with that, the GIR of exercise rats injected by IL-6shRNA was lower (P<0.05). The IL-6mRNA levels were highest in the fat tissue and lowest in the skeletal muscles in all the rats. The serum adiponectin levels decreased (P<0.05) following the development of insulin resistance, and it increased (P<0.05) when the rats were intervened by aerobic exercise training for 8 weeks at the same time. However, there were not significant differences when serum leptin concentrations were compared (P>0.05). The p-p38 significantly increased in the rats fed with high-fat diets, however, p-p38 of the exercise high-fat diets rats in the liver and fat tissues significantly decreased than that (P<0.05). The changes of p-p38 in exercise rats injected by IL-6shRNA were irregular. The activation of STAT3 in the liver significantly increased (P<0.05) following the development of insulin resistance, and it decreased (P<0.05) when the rats were intervened by aerobic exercise training for 8 weeks at the same time, and the gene silencing of IL-6 did not have effects on the activation of STAT3 in the liver (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, aerobic exercise training prevented the development of insulin resistance through IL-6 to a certain degree. The gene expression and secretion of IL-6 could inhibit the development of insulin resistance. The mechanism of the effects were possibly related with elevating the levels of serum adiponectin, and/or inhibiting the activation of STAT3 in the liver and p38MAPK in the skeletal muscles, liver and fat tissues.

Charge-neutral amidinate-containing iridium complexes capable of efficient photocatalytic water reduction.

Two new charge-neutral iridium complexes, [Ir(tfm-ppy)(2)(N,N'-diisopropyl-benzamidinate)] (1) and [Ir(tfm-ppy)(2)(N,N'-diisopropyl-4-diethylamino-3,5-dimethyl-benzamidinate)] (2) (tfm-ppy=4-trifluoromethyl-2-phenylpyridine) containing an amidinate ligand and two phenylpyridine ligands were designed and characterised. The photophysical properties, electrochemical behaviours and emission quenching properties of these species were investigated. In concert with the cobalt catalyst [Co(bpy)(3)](2+), members of this new class of iridium complexes enable the photocatalytic generation of hydrogen from mixed aqueous solutions via an oxidative quenching pathway and display long-term photostability under constant illumination over 72 h; one of these species achieved a relatively high turnover number of 1880 during this time period. In the case of complex 1, the three-component homogeneous photocatalytic system proved to be more efficient than a related system containing a charged complex, [Ir(tfm-ppy)(2)(dtb-bpy)](+) (3, dtb-bpy=4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-dipyridyl). In combination with a rhodium complex as a water reduction catalyst, the performances of the systems using both complexes were also evaluated, and these systems exhibited a more efficient catalytic propensity for water splitting than did the cobalt-based systems that have been studied previously.

Associations between interleukin-1 gene polymorphisms and coronary heart disease risk: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: A great number of studies regarding the associations between IL-1B-511, IL-1B+3954 and IL-1RN VNTR polymorphisms within the IL-1gene cluster and coronary heart disease (CHD) have been published. However, results have been inconsistent. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to investigate the associations. METHODS: Published literature from PubMed and Embase databases were searched for eligible publications. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random- or fixed- effect model. RESULTS: Thirteen studies (3,219 cases/2,445 controls) for IL-1B-511 polymorphism, nine studies (1,828 cases/1,818 controls) for IL-1B+3954 polymorphism and twelve studies (2,987 cases/ 2,208 controls) for IL-1RN VNTR polymorphism were included in this meta analysis. The results indicated that both IL-1B-511 and IL-1B+3954 polymorphisms were not associated with CHD risk (IL-1B-511 T vs. C: OR = 0.98, 95%CI 0.87-1.09; IL-1B+3954 T vs. C: OR = 1.06, 95%CI 0.95-1.19). Similarly, there was no association between IL-1RN VNTR polymorphism and CHD risk (*2 vs. L: OR = 1.00, 95%CI 0.85-1.17). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggested that there were no associations between IL-1 gene cluster polymorphisms and CHD.

Association between adiponectin gene polymorphisms and coronary artery disease across different populations.

OBJECTIVE: Many studies have suggested that adiponectin gene might be involved in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the results have been inconsistent. In this study, the authors performed a meta-analysis to assess the associations of +45T/G, +276G/T and -11377C/G polymorphisms in adiponectin gene with CAD susceptibility. METHODS: Published literature from PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using fixed- or random-effects model. RESULTS: Sixteen studies (4394 cases / 8187 controls) for +45T/G polymorphism, fifteen studies (3569 cases / 7463 controls) for +276G/T polymorphism, and thirteen studies (3531 cases / 7072 controls) for -11377C/G polymorphism were included in the meta-analysis. The overall results showed that there was a statistically significant association between -11377C/G polymorphism and CAD (G vs. C: OR=1.15, 95%CI 1.07-1.24).Similar results were observed among European (G vs. C: OR=1.11, 95%CI 1.02-1.20) and East Asian populations (G vs. C: OR=1.27, 95%CI 1.11-1.45). However, no significant association was found for +45T/G or +276G/T polymorphism with CAD susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analysis indicated the significant association of -11377C/G polymorphism, but not +45T/G or +276G/T polymorphism, with CAD susceptibility. However, large-scale studies with the consideration of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions should be conducted to investigate the associations in future.

[Analysis of the small supernumerary marker chromosome in Turner syndrome with 45, X/46, X, + mar karyotype].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the origin and study the morphology of small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) in Turner syndrome with 45, X/46, X, + mar karyotype. METHODS: Using the conventional chromosome G-banding technique, 10 cases of Turner syndrome with 45, X/46, X, + mar chromosome karyotype were obtained, dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization was applied to study the origin and morphology of the sSMC. RESULTS: In the 10 cases of Turner syndrome with 45, X/46, X, + mar karyotype, the sSMC of 7 cases was derived from X chromosome [sSMC(X)], the sSMC of 2 cases was derived from Y chromosome [sSMC(Y)] and the remaining 1 case was derived from the autosome. There were 4 cases of ring(r) chromosomes and 3 of centric minutes (min) in the 7 sSMC (X) cases. In the 2 sSMC(Y), one case was dicentric (dic) and the other was centric minute (min). The sSMC originated from the autosome was a centric minute (min). CONCLUSION: The origin of sSMC of Turner syndrome with 45, X/46, X, + mar karyotype was almost all from sex chromosomes, and rarely from autosomes. sSMC can exist as isodicentric, ring, or centric minute. The molecular cytogenetic features of the sSMC can provide useful information for genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis and treatment of the Turner syndrome patients with a 45, X/46, X, + mar karyotype.

Carbonyl stress: malondialdehyde induces damage on rat hippocampal neurons by disturbance of Ca(2+) homeostasis.

The objective of this study was to investigate the influences of carbonyl stress induced by malondialdehyde (MDA), a typical intermediate of lipid peroxidation, on intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) alterations in cultured hippocampal neurons of rat. The microphotographic study clearly demonstrated that the hippocampal neurons became gradually damaged following exposure to different concentrations of MDA. Further study indicated that the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase (PMCA) activity was inhibited by MDA in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The supplementation of 100 microM MDA was found to cause a notable early phase increase of [Ca(2+)](i) in hippocampal neuron cultures followed by a more pronounced late-phase elevation of [Ca(2+)](i). Such effect of MDA was prevented by the addition of nimodipine, an inhibitor of L-type calcium channel or by an extracellular Ca(2+) chelator EGTA. The identification of the calcium signalling pathways were studied by applying U73122, an inhibitor of PL-C, and H-89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), showing the involvement of PL-C/IP3 pathway but not the PKA/cAMP pathway. These results suggested that MDA-related carbonyl stress caused damages of rat hippocampal neurons by triggering Ca(2+) influx and influencing Ca(2+) homeostasis in cultured neurons, and also MDA may act as a signalling molecule regulating Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores.