RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Entry into prison involves adapting to a prison culture that is sometimes altered by the effect of imprisonment. Prisons are overcrowded and hold large numbers of inmates suffering from mental disorders and difficulties of adaptation, who affect the delicate equilibrium of the prison environment and can worsen the relational climate. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Several bibliographical databases on the influence of the mental health of adult inmates on the prison relationship climate and existing interventions in this regard that have been published in the last 15 years were reviewed. This data was complemented by other information obtained from the online bibliographic indexes of the Ministry of the Interior. RESULTS: There is little literature on the influence of mental health on the relational climate of prisons and existing interventions. However, what literature there is does respond to a current prison reality where inmates with mental health problems have an increased risk of victimization and also a greater predisposition to penitentiary misconduct that causes violations of rules and the consequent application of disciplinary sanctions that lead to segregation. DISCUSSION: The dysfunctional behaviour of such inmates, as well as the stigmatized treatment they receive, negatively impact the prison social climate, generating pathological relational styles and distorting the prison environment. This creates a need for an adequate number of programs and interventions of sufficient quality to prevent and mitigate their consequences.