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Introduction: People with serious mental illness (SMI), such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, have a higher risk of premature morbidity and mortality. In the general population, impaired lung function is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We compared lung function between people with and without serious mental illnesses using a cross-sectional study in 9 community mental health units. Methods: Subjects aged 40-70 years with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder were recruited consecutively. The controls had no psychiatric diagnosis and were not receiving any psychotropics. Spirometry was performed by a trained nurse. We used the 2021 American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society standards for the interpretation of the spirometry results. Results: We studied 287 subjects. People with SMI (n = 169) had lower spirometry values than those without a psychiatric diagnosis (n = 118). An abnormal spirometry pattern (36.1% vs 16.9%, p < 0.001), possible restriction or non-specific (Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry [PRISm]) pattern (17.8% vs 7.6%, p = 0.014), and pattern of airflow obstruction or possible mixed disorder (18.3% vs 9.3%, p = 0.033) were more frequent in people with SMI. Multivariate analyses showed that the PRISm pattern was associated with abdominal circumference (odds ratio [OR] 1.05, 95%CI 1.03-1.08) and that the pattern of airflow obstruction or possible mixed disorder was associated with smoking behavior (OR 5.15, 95%CI 2.06-15.7). Conclusion: People with SMI have impaired lung function, with up to one-third of them showing an abnormal spirometry pattern. This suggests that regular monitoring of lung function and addressing modifiable risk factors, such as tobacco use and obesity, in this population is of paramount importance.
RESUMO
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is linked to age-related diseases like cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative conditions, and cancer. It can also cause congenital defects and severe illness in immunocompromised individuals. Accurate HCMV seroprevalence assessment is essential for public health planning and identifying at-risk individuals. This is the first HCMV seroprevalence study conducted in the general Spanish adult population in 30 years. We studied HCMV seroprevalence and HCMV IgG antibody titres in healthy adult donors (HDs) and HCMV-related disease patients from 2010 to 2013 and 2020 to 2023, categorized by sex and age. We compared our data with 1993 and 1999 studies in Spain. The current HCMV seroprevalence among HDs in Spain is 73.48%. In women of childbearing age, HCMV seroprevalence has increased 1.4-fold in the last decade. HCMV-seropositive individuals comprise 89.83% of CVD patients, 69% of SMI patients, and 70.37% of COVID-19 patients. No differences in HCMV seroprevalence or HCMV IgG antibody titres were observed between patients and HDs. A significant reduction in Spanish HCMV seroprevalence among HDs was observed in 1993. However, women of childbearing age have shown an upturn in the last decade that may denote a health risk in newborns and a change in HCMV seroprevalence trends.