Training nursing students in motivational interviewing for alcohol misuse: A mixed method study.

BACKGROUND: Motivational interviewing led by nurses has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing alcohol consumption among university students. However, most of these professionals feel that they lack the competence necessary for motivational interviewing due to a lack of formal training in the nursing curriculum. OBJECTIVES: To design, implement and evaluate a motivational interviewing training course for alcohol misuse in an undergraduate nursing curriculum and to explore students' experiences with this course. DESIGN: A mixed-methods study involving a descriptive comparative quantitative design and qualitative focus group interviews with nursing students. SETTINGS: An elective nursing course in a Spanish university. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 21 fourth-year nursing students. METHODS: The course was developed as a twelve-week, two-hour course. It comprised three modules covering the concepts, tools and skills associated with motivational interviewing for alcohol misuse. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected after the completion of the course to evaluate the training received by students; these data were categorized using Kirkpatrick's model. The quantitative results included students' satisfaction, knowledge, skills and attitudes, which were measured using an ad hoc questionnaire, a multiple-choice exam, and two rater-based assessments (the Peer Proficiency Assessment instrument and an evidence-based checklist). Qualitative focus groups were used to explore students' experiences of the entire programme. RESULTS: Students' satisfaction with the course was rated 9 out of 10, highlighting the usefulness and adequacy of the course content. The quantitative and qualitative results both indicated that all students acquired the knowledge necessary to perform motivational interviewing and significantly improved their motivational interviewing microskills. Only half of the students reached the level of proficiency in two of the three ratios calculated. The three main themes identified pertained to the learning atmosphere, module methodologies, and students' self-perceptions of competence. Finally, the students reported having transferred their learning to clinical practice. CONCLUSION: A course on motivational interviewing for alcohol misuse positively influences nursing students both personally and in terms of their future professional work by improving their knowledge, skills, attitudes and self-perceived competence.

NURSES' knowledge, skills and personal attributes for providing competent health education practice, and its influencing factors: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: To explore nurses' knowledge, skills and personal attributes for competent health education practice and their association with potential influencing factors. BACKGROUND: Clinical nurses are expected to perform effective health education interventions, but they do not feel competent. The self-assessment of the health education competence and its conditional factors is paramount for professional development. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: A total of 458 clinical nurses from two health specialized centers in Spain participated in this study. Data were collected using the Nurse Health Education Competence Instrument and a second self-report questionnaire from January to February 2019. Descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson's and Spearman's correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyse the data. The STROBE guideline was used RESULTS: The mean scores of the knowledge (70.10 ± 15.11), skills (92.14 ± 15.18) and personal attributes scales (32.32 ± 5.89) were found to be low to moderate. The main influencing factors for the health education implementation were lack of education and training (71.4%), lack of time (67.5%) and high workload (67.3%). Nurses with higher educational level and perceived self-efficacy for competently providing health education, more extensive professional experience and previous training in health education rated higher in knowledge, skills and personal attributes. Age and years of experience were negatively correlated with knowledge scores, but positively with the rest of domains of the competence and self-efficacy. The regression models for the overall health education competence's domains were significant (p < 0.001) with R2 values ranging from 28.0% to 49.3%. Self-efficacy, previous health education training and working in intensive care units were found to be significant in all cognitive, psychomotor and attitudinal scales. CONCLUSION: Clinical nurses reported on some skills and personal attributes for health education practice, but they seem to lack health education knowledge necessary for a competent practice. This study suggested that effective education and training and supportive organizational cultures are key to enhance nurses' health education competence. Identifying nurses' educational needs on the main domains of the competence and its intrinsic/extrinsic influential factors may assist in both planning and organizing tailored training strategies and in promoting appropriate environments to support a high-quality health education practice TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Nurses' knowledge, skills and attitudes about health education competence are low to moderate. Training and organizational support are key.

[Linguistic validation of the Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire for nursing professionals in Spain]. / Validación lingüística del Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire para profesionales de enfermería en España.

BACKGROUND: Nursing professionals are one of the groups most affected by work-related stress, which may affect the professional's quality of life and the quality of nursing care. At the international level, the Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire (DCSQ) has proved to be a brief, valid and reliable tool for assessing psychosocial stress at work. The objective of this study was to obtain a Spanish version of the DCSQ for nursing professionals. METHODS: The linguistic validation proceeded in two phases: 1) forward-translation, back-translation and linguistic adaptation of the instrument and 2) content validation of the instrument using a panel of seven experts, and evaluation of the applicability and comprehension of the adapted version in a sample of twenty-one nursing professionals. RESULTS: Phase 1) In the translation process, one item required semantic changes, while five items required syntactic changes. The back-translation versions were similar, and the most relevant doubts were found in item 5, identified as a problematic item throughout the entire process. Phase 2) The content validity analysis showed excellent values (content validity index = 0.90 and Kappa index values = 0.65); moreover, the pilot study confirmed the adequate comprehensibility and applicability of the questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a systematic and rigorous methodology made it possible to obtain a Spanish version of the DCSQ that is conceptually and linguistically equivalent to the original instrument and suitable for assessing psychosocial stress of nursing professionals in the workplace in a multidimensional manner.

[Effectiveness of family interventions in nursing homes. A systematic review]. / Efectividad de las intervenciones familiares en centros geriátricos. Una revisión sistemática.

The process of nursing home placement can be a stressful event for both the dependent elderly person and the family. During admission, especially the first few months, the family may suffer feelings of loss, sadness, failure and guilt. In this context, support and guidance from health professionals are essential to address the needs of residents and families through effective interventions. The aim of this systematic review is to identify the most effective interventions to help families during the process of institutionalization of a relative in a nursing home. Two types of family interventions were identified: those that focused on family-staff relationship and those that focused on family support groups, the latter being the most effective. On the other hand, most interventions have an individualistic approach, focusing on the primary caregiver. Finally, there is a shortage of quality studies that present the results of family interventions in the geriatric field and also a lack of such studies in the Spanish context.

[The public image of nursing: a profession to learn about]. / La imagen social de la enfermería: una profesión a conocer.

Nursing is a profession that has suffered from public stereotyping for a long time. It has been viewed historically as a female profession, under the orders of doctors and without its own field of competence. Major changes have occurred in the discipline over the last decade that directly affect the profession. As a result, this review of the literature has tried to identify the image of nursing held by the population, the prevailing stereotypes related to it, and what the public considers that nurses do. Eight categories emerged from the thematic analysis that can help in explaining the view that society has of nursing and the evolution it has undergone. It seems that the public is predominantly ignorant of the essence and focus of the discipline, which is none other than care of the person, family or community. It is also a little known profession as society does not fully acknowledge that nurses have their own field of competence, autonomy and independence. There is still a tendency to consider nursing as a profession inferior to medicine, closely related to "tasks", and there is trust in its carrying out those activities that have been traditionally associated with it. However, it is coming to be perceived as a profession that is less related to femininity and that involves greater preparation than in the past.

[The institutionalized elderly. How do we perceive old age?]. / Ancianos institucionalizados. Cómo se percibe la vejez?

It is a commonly-held belief to associate old age with physical deterioration, loss of mental capacity and a downhill slide toward death. Although one cannot deny some aspects of truth in this belief, what is certain is that the perception which each person holds about old age, as well as each person's real life situation, will make each individual live this stage of life in very diverse manners. We may affirm that quality of life is a criteria set and evaluated by each human being, and in order to evaluate it, one's personal opinion and satisfaction are indispensable. What does quality of life mean for an elderly person who is institutionalized? What do the business administrators, managers and caretaking personnel understand quality of life to be for an elderly person who is institutionalized? Are there differences perceiving quality of life between personnel and elderly? The authors carry out this study in order to answer these kinds of questions by means of a descriptive and transversal method; one objective is to evaluate the perception of quality of life for institutionalized elderly held by each of the aforementioned groups. The study group for this research project was composed of elderly people living as permanent residents in an institution and the business administrators, managers and caretaking personnel in three geriatric centers in Navarra; there was a total of 90 people in the sample group.