Talent Identification and Development in Male Futsal: A Systematic Review.

This review aimed to identify and synthesize the most significant literature addressing talent identification and development in futsal. A systematic review of Web of Science™ (all databases), Scopus, PubMed and SPORTDiscus databases was performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. This study included original articles in English, Spanish or Portuguese containing relevant data on talent development/identification of male futsal players. The search yielded 238 articles. After screening, a total of 32 manuscripts were fully reviewed. The quality of the data reviewed was generally good. Results indicate that the most successful players exhibit technical, tactical, anthropometric, physiological and psychological advantages and are distinguished from lower-level players based on their earlier dedication to training. This review highlights the need for those involved in the process of identifying and developing talented futsal players to consider the technical and tactical skills of futsal players, along with their anthropometric and physiological characteristics, scaled to age. Finally, special attention should be paid to the supportive psychosocial environments created in sports academies for developing futsal players. Overall, talent identification and development programmes in futsal need to be dynamic and offer the possibility of changing assessment parameters in the long term.

How Does Cognitive Effort Influence the Tactical Behavior of Soccer Players?

In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association between soccer players' cognitive effort and their tactical behavior. We assessed 52 young male soccer players from a first division Brazilian club, using FUT-SAT to evaluate tactical behavior efficiency and Mobile Eye Tracking-XG software and a video test protocol to measure pupillary behavior and cognitive effort. Following data collection, statistical analyses were performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, and linear regression. We found a high inverse association between cognitive effort and tactical behavior efficiency; players with less cognitive effort during the task displayed higher values of tactical behavior efficiency on the field. We concluded that sustaining less cognitive effort in game situations helped players realize better tactical behavior and enabled better performance.

The association between perceptual-cognitive processes and response time in decision making in young soccer players.

In soccer, it is relevant to understand the roles of Systems 1 (intuitive) and 2 (deliberative) in perceptual-cognitive processes and how they influence response time when making decisions. The aim of this study was to analyse how response time in decision making managed by Systems 1 and 2 is associated to the perceptual-cognitive processes of young soccer players. Ninety young soccer players participated. Perceptual-cognitive processes were assessed through visual search strategies, cognitive effort, and verbal reports. Participants wore a mobile-eye tracking system while viewing 11-a-side match play video-based soccer simulations. Response time in decision making was used to create two sub-groups: faster and slower decision-makers. Results indicated that players with faster response time in decision making employed more fixations of shorter duration, displayed less cognitive effort, as well as a greater number of thought processes associated with planning. These results reinforce that there are differences in the way of using the perceptive-cognitive processes from the priority system in the decision-making process. It is concluded that faster decision making, managed by System 1, implies greater ability to employ visual search strategies and to process information, thus enabling increased cognitive efficiency.

Talent map: how demographic rate, human development index and birthdate can be decisive for the identification and development of soccer players in Brazil.

Aim:The aim of this paper is to verify how cities' demographic rates and Human Development Index (HDI), as well as the birthdate of Brazilian elite soccer players influenced their identification and development.Methods:The sample was comprised of 5,359 players from the Brazilian Serie A Soccer Championship between 2003 and 2019. Players' birthdate and birthplace data were collected, as well as the HDI from their hometowns. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, Pearson correlation and linear regression tests were performed.Results:Results indicated that players born in the first semester of the year, in cities with a demographic rate of up to 100,000 inhabitants and HDI above 0.501, are more likely to play at the highest level (Serie A) of Brazilian soccer. Correlations were observed between birth quartile and HDI (r = -.059; se = 0.04; p < 0.001), birth quartile and demographic rates (r = -063, se = 0.03; p < 0.001), and between HDI and demographic rates (r = 0.458; se = 0.02; p < 0.001). The linear regression method yielded a valid model that included all three variables in this study (F(2) = 9.512; p < 0.001).Conclusion:Based on these findings, it is possible to conclude that birthdate, demographic rate and HDI are important factors in the identification and development of soccer players in Brazil.

Visual search strategy and anticipation in tactical behavior of young soccer players.

The aim of the present study was to compare the visual search strategy (VSS) and anticipation between two groups of young players of different efficiencies in tactical behavior (TB). A total of 44 Brazilian male soccer players aged 14.00 (± 1.06) years from three regional clubs participated in the study. TB was assessed using FUT-SAT; anticipation score was obtained by a video-based assessment, while VSS was performed using the Mobile Eye-XG® system. The soccer players were divided into two groups based on their TB results into those more efficient and those less efficient. The results showed that soccer players with higher efficiency in TB were better at anticipating and performed a higher number of shorter visual fixations and a greater average amount of fixations per location. They were also able to adjust their VSS in performing a longer fixation time on the player in possession of the ball. Therefore, there is support for an integration of visual search strategy and anticipation within tactical behavior. Visual search strategy and anticipation seem to contribute to the efficiency of tactical behavior in young soccer players.

Mental fatigue in soccer: a systematic review / Fadiga mental no futebol: uma revisão sistemática / Fatiga mental en el fútbol: una revisión sistemática

ABSTRACT Fatigue in soccer players is traditionally investigated based on neuromuscular and metabolic factors. However, given that soccer is one of the sports that has the highest cognitive demand, it is believed that players' performance might also be influenced by the high levels of attention, and frequent decision-making required in soccer. This systematic review aimed to verify the effects of mental fatigue on physical, technical, tactical and cognitive performance of soccer players. We searched in the electronic databases Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus, for articles published up to 30 April 2018. We included articles that used a protocol of mental fatigue through cognitive tasks performed prior to a physical or cognitive task related to soccer. Only studies that presented an experimental design with the control condition (without mental fatigue) and the experimental condition (with mental fatigue) were selected. A total of six articles met the inclusion criteria, one study by backward reference search and other through the authors' indication. The results showed smaller distances covered in physical tests, while the effects of mental fatigue on physical performance in small-sided games were not clear. In technical tests, there were more penalties in passes and less accuracy and speed when kicking the ball when players were in conditions of mental fatigue. Regarding the tactical variables, it was found that mental fatigue had a detrimental effect on the synchronization between team players and on individual tactical performance in defensive actions. In cognitive tests, based on video recordings of game play, negative effects on the players' speed and accuracy of decision-making were observed. According to the results of the literature search, it can be inferred that mental fatigue is a factor that has a negative influence on soccer performance. Level of evidence II; Systematic review.

RESUMO No futebol, a fadiga é tradicionalmente investigada sob uma perspectiva neuromuscular e metabólica. Entretanto, já que o futebol é uma das modalidades esportivas com maior demanda cognitiva, acredita-se que a exigência de elevados níveis atencionais e as frequentes tomadas de decisões sejam fatores que influenciem o desempenho dos jogadores de futebol. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar, através de uma revisão sistemática, os efeitos da fadiga mental sobre o desempenho físico, técnico, tático e cognitivo dos jogadores de futebol. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados eletrônicas Pubmed, Web of Science e Scopus até 30 de abril de 2018. Incluiram-se artigos que utilizaram um protocolo de fadiga mental através das tarefas cognitivas realizadas previamente a uma tarefa física ou cognitiva relacionada ao futebol. Somente foram selecionados estudos que apresentaram um desenho experimental com a condição controle (sem fadiga mental) e experimental (com fadiga mental). No total, foram selecionados seis estudos que atenderam aos critérios estabelecidos, um estudo por busca reversa e outro por indicação dos autores. Os resultados indicaram menores distâncias percorridas em testes físicos, enquanto que os efeitos da fadiga mental sobre o desempenho físico em jogos reduzidos não foram evidentes. Em testes técnicos, houve maior número de penalizações em passes e menor precisão e velocidade da bola nos chutes na condição de fadiga mental. Em relação às variáveis táticas, foram encontrados efeitos prejudiciais da fadiga mental sobre a sincronização entre os jogadores das equipes e o desempenho tático individual em ações defensivas. Em testes cognitivos, também foram verificados efeitos negativos sobre o tempo e a precisão para a tomada de decisão dos jogadores em testes de vídeo. A partir dos resultados dos estudos analisados, torna-se possível inferir que a fadiga mental é um fator que influencia negativamente o desempenho dos jogadores de futebol. Nível de evidência II; Revisão sistemática.

RESUMEN En el fútbol, la fatiga es tradicionalmente investigada desde una perspectiva neuromuscular y metabólica. Entretanto, ya que el f'útbol es una de las modalidades deportivas con mayor demanda cognitiva, se cree que la exigencia de elevados niveles de atención y las frecuentes tomas de decisión sean factores que influencien el desempeño de los jugadores de fútbol. Siendo así, el objetivo del presente estudio fue verificar, a través de una revisión sistemática, los efectos de la fatiga mental sobre el desempeño físico, técnico, táctico y cognitivo de los jugadores de fútbol. Fueron realizadas búsquedas en las bases de datos electrónicas Pubmed, Web of Science y Scopus hasta 30 de abril de 2018. Se incluyeron artículos que utilizaron un protocolo de fatiga mental a través de las tareas cognitivas realizadas previamente a una tarea física o cognitiva relacionada al fútbol. Solamente fueron seleccionados estudios que presentaron un diseño experimental con la condición control (sin fatiga mental) y experimental (con fatiga mental). En total, fueron seleccionados seis estudios que atendieron los criterios establecidos, un estudio por búsqueda reversa y otro por indicación de los autores. Los resultados indicaron menores distancias recorridas en tests físicos, mientras que los efectos de la fatiga mental sobre el desempeño físico en partidos reducidos no fueron evidentes. En tests técnicos, hubo mayor número de penalizaciones en pases y menor precisión y velocidad de la pelota en los tiros en la condición de fatiga mental. Con relación a las variables tácticas, fueron encontrados efectos perjudiciales de la fatiga mental sobre la sincronización entre los jugadores de los equipos y el desempeño táctico individual en acciones defensivas. En tests cognitivos, también fueron verificados efectos negativos sobre el tiempo y la precisión para la toma de decisión de los jugadores en tests de vídeo. A partir de los resultados de los estudios analizados, se hace posible inferir que la fatiga mental es un factor que influencia negativamente el desempeño de los jugadores de fútbol. Nivel de evidencia II; Revisión sistemática.

Young Soccer Players With Higher Tactical Knowledge Display Lower Cognitive Effort.

The present study aimed to investigate whether the form and amount of declarative tactical knowledge (DTK) and procedural tactical knowledge (PTK) influence cognitive effort during soccer performance among young players. We assessed 36 male players from a Brazilian first-division soccer club; participants averaged 14.89 ( SD = 1.42) years of age. We evaluated DTK from video simulation tests and PTK through the System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer. We assessed cognitive effort by measures of pupil diameter using Mobile Eye Tracking-XG while players viewed soccer video scenes and made game-related play decisions. After the assessment of tactical knowledge, we categorized the sample according to players' tactical knowledge into participants with higher and lower PTK and higher and lower DTK. Subsequently, we examined the both PTK and DTK groups on cognitive effort. Our results suggest that tactical knowledge influences cognitive effort in that players with higher PTK and DTK displayed less cognitive effort during soccer performance tasks. In conclusion, we observed that PTK and DTK influenced the cognitive effort younger soccer players expended while viewing soccer scenes and making soccer performance decisions.

Relationship Between Tactical Performance, Somatic Maturity and Functional Capabilities in Young Soccer Players.

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between tactical performance, somatic maturity, and functional capabilities in young soccer players. Study participants were 48 soccer players (14.80 ± 1.5 years) belonging to an extension project at the State University of Maringa - Brazil. Anthropometric measurements of body mass, body height, and sitting height were carried out. The number of years to peak height velocity (PHV) was used as an index of maturation. Evaluations of functional fitness included the following tests: sit-and-reach, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1, handgrip test, modified abdominal test, and vertical jumps (Counter Movement Jump and Jump Squat). Tactical performance was assessed through the System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer (FUT-SAT). Multiple Linear Regression models were used to estimate the relative contributions of functional and maturational capacities to tactical performance. The results indicated weak associations between the tactical performance indices and somatic maturity, functional capacity, and anthropometric attributes (r < 0.40). The Yo-Yo Test contributed to 36% of the defensive tactic performance variation in the under 13 category. These results suggest that the level of maturity, growth status, and functional fitness have limited impact on tactical performance of young soccer players.

Influência da eficiência do comportamento e da data de nascimento sobre o desempenho tático de jogadores de futebol da categoria sub-13 / Influence of behavior efficiency and birthdate over tactical performance of U-13 youth soccer players / Influencia de la eficiencia del comportamiento y de la fecha de nacimiento en el rendimiento táctico de jugadores de fútbol de la categoría sub-13

Resumo O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a influência da eficiência do comportamento (EC) e da data de nascimento (DN) sobre o desempenho tático (DT) de jogadores de futebol da categoria sub-13. A amostra foi composta por 100 jogadores que fizeram 5.213 ações táticas. Usou-se o FUT-SAT para a coleta e análise dos dados. Foi usado o teste de regressão multinomial e adotou-se p < 0,05. Verificaram-se associações positivas entre a EC e o DN para os princípios "espaço", "contenção" e "equilíbrio" e entre a DN e o DT ofensivo para os jogadores do segundo quartil. Concluiu-se que uma melhor EC nos princípios "espaço", "contenção" e "equilíbrio", assim como a DN dos indivíduos, são fatores determinantes para o desempenho tático dos jogadores.

Abstract The aim of study was to analyze the influence of Tactical Behavior Efficiency (BE) and the Date of Birth over Tactical Performance (TP) of U-13 youth soccer players. The sample comprised 100 players who performed 5213 tactical actions. FUT-SAT have been used for data collection and analysis. Descriptive statistics were used as well as Multinomial Regression test with p < 0.05. Positive associations have been verified verified between BE and TP for the principles "Width and Length", "Delay" and "Balance", and between the date of Birth and offensive TP for players within the second quartile. It is concluded that a better BE for the principles "Width and Length", "Delay" and "Balance" as well as players' date of birth are determinant for tactical performance.

Resumen El objetivo del estudio ha sido analizar la influencia de la eficiencia del comportamiento (EC) y la fecha de nacimiento (FN) en el rendimiento táctico (RT) de jugadores de fútbol de categoría sub-13. La muestra consistió en 100 jugadores que realizaron 5.213 acciones tácticas. Se utilizó el FUT-SAT para la recogida y análisis de datos. Se utilizó la prueba de regresión multinomial (p < 0,05). Se verificaron las asociaciones positivas entre la EC y el RT para los principios «espacio¼, «contención¼ y «equilibrio¼, y las asociaciones positivas entre la FN y el RT ofensivo de los jugadores del segundo cuartil. Se concluyó que una mejor EC en los principios «espacio¼, «contención¼ y «equilibrio¼, así como la FN de los jugadores fueron factores determinantes en el rendimiento táctico del jugador.

Influência do efeito da idade relativa sobre o desempenho tático de jogadores de futebol da categoria sub-13 / Influence of the relative age effect over the tactical performance of under-13 soccer players / Influencia del efecto de la edad relativa en el rendimiento táctico de jugadores de fútbol de la categoría sub-13

Resumo O presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar a influência do efeito da idade relativa no desempenho tático de jogadores de futebol da categoria sub-13. A amostra foi constituída por 56 jogadores de futebol da categoria sub-13. Os jogadores foram agrupados de acordo com seu trimestre de nascimento. Recorreu-se ao instrumento FUT-SAT para avaliar o desempenho tático dos participantes. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os trimestres de nascimento para os princípios táticos Contenção e Concentração, mas nenhuma dessas diferenças aponta para vantagens dos jogadores nascidos no primeiro trimestre. Conclui-se que o efeito da idade relativa não influenciou no desempenho tático de jogadores de futebol da categoria aub-13.

Abstract The present study aimed to verify the influence of the Relative Age Effect over the tactical performance of U-13 youth soccer players. The sample was comprised by 56 U-13 youth soccer players. The players were grouped in trimester (T1-Jan/Mar, T2-Apr/Jun, T3-Jul/Sep and T4-Oct/Dec). The instrument used to assess players' tactical performance was FUT-SAT. Significant differences were found between birth trimester for the tactical principles "Delay" and "Concentration". However, none of the results indicated better performance of the players who were born within the first trimester. It is concluded that the Relative Age Effect did not influence the tactical performance of U-13 youth soccer players.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar la influencia del efecto de la edad relativa en el rendimiento táctico de jugadores de fútbol sub-13. La muestra estaba compuesta por 56 jugadores de fútbol sub-13. Los jugadores se agruparon por el trimestre en que nacieron (T1/enero-marzo, T2/abril-junio, T3/julio-septiembre y T4/octubre-diciembre). Se utilizó el instrumento FUT-SAT. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los trimestres de nacimiento en los principios tácticos de "contención" y "concentración". Sin embargo, ninguno de los resultados indicó un mejor rendimiento de los jugadores nacidos en el primer trimestre. Se concluyó que el efecto de la edad relativa no influyó en el rendimiento táctico de los jugadores de fútbol sub-13.

What mental process favours quality decision-making in young soccer players?

Aim: The aim of this research is to identify the mechanisms that lead soccer players to make quality tactical decisions, and how these mechanisms evolve over time. Methods: Ninety male youth players training in a professional club in Brazil were submitted to a soccer video test which consists in making tactical decisions when the image freezes. These participants were divided in five groups with 18 players in each of following age levels: Under-11, Under-13, Under-15, Under-17 and Under-20. The dominant statements of verbal reports were distributed in categories that reflect key mechanisms. The frequency of correct tactical answers was calculated for each statement types and Standard Residuals (e) were calculated to verify the influence of the mechanisms on the quality of tactical decision for each age level. Results: Results revealed that evaluation statement was related to accurate tactical decisions from Under-15 age level. Conclusion In conclusion, evaluation of perceived information makes better decision makers.(AU)

Visual search strategy of soccer players according to different age groups

AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess the visual search strategy of soccer players from different age groups. METHODS: The sample comprised 51 youth soccer players. The instrument used to collect and analyse data was the Mobile Eye. This system is used to verify gaze behaviour through visual focus. Players were grouped according to their age group: U-13 (17), U-15 (17), U-17 (17). Participants were presented with a video based test. Visual search stimuli were grouped into five categories: "player in possession of the ball"; "ball"; "teammates"; "opponent"; "space". The number and time of fixations made by players, in each stimuli category was analysed. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the three groups. RESULTS: Results displayed significant differences in one of the categories. The "space" category displayed significant differences in the number of fixations between U-13 (74.35±12.41) compared to U-15 (58.78±14.22) and U-17 (61.88±16.44) soccer players. No other significant differences were found in other categories. CONCLUSION: The U-13 players employed most of their visual search related with "space" compared with players from the U-15 and U-17 age groups. These findings are important for coaches and researchers to understand how visual search strategy change according to age group.(AU)

Coerência local em crianças de 10 a 13 anos / Local coherence in children aged 10 to 13 / Coherencia local en niños de 10 a 13 años

A coerência local é caracterizada pela produção de inferências entre uma sentença e outra a partir da leitura de um texto. Aplicou-se o Local Coherence Inference Test, traduzido para a língua portuguesa, em 40 crianças normais do ensino fundamental, de 10 a 13 anos, com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho delas. Consideraram-se o número de acertos e o tempo gasto na realização do teste, e avaliaram-se os seguintes aspectos: quociente intelectual (QI), idade e nível escolar. Os resultados mostraram que a escolaridade e a idade se correlacionam significativamente com o maior número de acertos e a velocidade de execução do teste. O nível intelectual se correlacionou significativamente com o número de acertos, porém não houve correlação significativa entre QI e velocidade na execução do teste. Este estudo contribui para o entendimento do processo de coerência local e sugere pesquisas posteriores nessa área, como a elaboração de um instrumento que avalie mais processos específicos envolvidos na compreensão textual.

Local coherence is characterized by the production of inference between two sentences in a reading passage. A Portuguese version of the Local Coherence Inference Test was applied to 40 normal children aged 10-13 in basic education, to evaluate their performance in this instrument by correlating the number of correct answers and time spent doing the test according to age, intelligence quotient (IQ) and scholar grade. The results showed that both educational level and ages correlated significantly with the highest number of correct answers and test time performance. The intellectual level was also significantly correlated with the number of correct answers, whereas there was no marked correlation between IQ and speed in performing the test. This study contributes to the understanding of local coherence process as well as suggests subsequent research in this area, as building an instrument to assess more specific processes involved in reading comprehension.

La coherencia local se caracteriza por la producción de inferencias entre una oración y otra a partir de la lectura de un texto. Se aplicó el Local Coherence Inference Test traducido al portugués en 40 niños normales de 10 a 13 años de edad, de la enseñanza primaria, con el objetivo de evaluar el desempeño de los niños en este instrumento, teniendo en cuenta el número de respuestas correctas y el tiempo empleado en la realización del test, evaluando aspectos como: edad, coeficiente de inteligencia (CI) y grado de escolaridad. Los resultados mostraron que el grado de escolaridad y la edad se correlacionan significativamente con mayor número de respuestas correctas y con la velocidad en la ejecución del test. El nivel intelectual se correlaciona significativamente con el número de respuestas correctas, sin embargo, no hubo correlación significativa entre CI y velocidad en la ejecución del test. Este estudio contribuye a la comprensión del proceso de coherencia local y sugiere una mayor investigación en esta área, como la construcción de un instrumento para evaluar procesos más específicos implicados en la comprensión de textos.

A Tomada de Decisão (Bio)ética: Estudo Preliminar Utilizando o Mobile Eye Tracking / Decision-Making in (Bio)ethics: a Preliminary Study Using Mobile Eye Tracking

RESUMO A tomada de decisão é uma das dimensões essenciais da formação do profissional da saúde, como mencionado nas atuais Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Medicina. O processo decisório, no âmbito da saúde, envolve diferentes aspectos, incluindo os elementos (bio)éticos. Nesse sentido, pesquisas que investiguem a tomada de decisão em (bio)ética poderão elucidar passos ainda não completamente esclarecidos, permitindo uma construção mais efetiva das competências em (bio)ética, na graduação e na pós-graduação. Diante desta perspectiva, o objetivo deste estudo é explorar possibilidades de uso do Mobile Eye Tracking para o estudo do papel da atenção visual – durante a exibição de filmes de cinema – no processo decisório em (bio)ética.

ABSTRACT Decision-making is a key dimension in the training of health professionals, as mentioned in the current National Curriculum Guidelines for Medicine Undergraduate Course. Decision-making in the health context involves various aspects, including (bio)ethical elements. Hence, researches to investigate decision-making in (bio)ethics may elucidate steps not completely clarified yet, allowing a more effective building of skills in (bio)ethics, both in undergraduate and postgraduate courses. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to explore the possibilities of using mobile eye tracking while watching feature films, to investigate the role of visual attention in (bio)ethical decision-making.

Relação entre impulsividade e comportamento tático de jogadores de futebol Sub-11 / Relation between impulsivity and tactical behavior of Under-11 youth soccer players / Relación entre impulsividad y comportamiento táctico de jugadores de fútbol Sub-11

O presente estudo tem por objetivo verificar de que forma a impulsividade se relaciona com os comportamentos táticos de jogadores de futebol da categoria Sub- -11. A amostra foi composta por 30 jogadores de futebol da categoria Sub-11. O instrumento utilizado para avaliar os comportamentos táticos foi o FUT-SAT, e, para avaliação da impulsividade, adotou-se a versão brasileira do Iowa Gambling Task (IGT-Br). Utili­zaram-se o teste de Shapiro-Wilk para verificar a distribuição dos dados e o teste de correlação de Pearson a fim de examinar a correlação entre as variáveis (p < 0,05). Verificou-se uma correlação negativa entre a impulsividade e a realização do princípio tático ofensivo de mobilidade. Dessa forma, jogadores menos impulsivos têm maiores chances de realizar comportamentos associados a esse princípio de maneira efetiva. Conclui-se que a impulsividade se relaciona com o comportamento tático de jogadores de futebol da categoria Sub-11, especificamente no princípio da mobilidade.

The aim of this study is to examine how impulsivity relates to the tactical behavior of under-11 youth soccer players. The sample comprised 30 Under-11 youth soccer players. FUT-SAT was used to assess the tactical behavior and the Iowa Gambling Task Brazilian version (IGT-Br) was used to evaluate impulsivity. Shapiro-Wilk test was performed to verify data distribution and Pearson correlation was used to verify the correlation between the variables (p < 0.05). Negative correlation between impulsivity and the performance of the offensive tactical principle of depth mobility was verified. Therefore, less impulsive players are more likely to engage in behaviors associated with this principle. It was concluded that the impulsivity relate to the tactical behavior of Under-11 youth soccer players, specifically with the principle of depth mobility.

El objetivo del estudio es comprobar cómo la impulsividad se relaciona con el comportamiento táctico de jugadores de fútbol Sub-11. La muestra consistió en 30 jugadores de fútbol Sub-11. El instrumento utilizado para evaluar los comportamientos tácticos fue el FUT-SAT y para evaluación de la impulsividad se utilizó el Iowa Gambling Task versión brasileña (IGT-Br). Se utilizó el teste Shapiro-Wilk para verificar la distribución de los datos y el teste de correlación de Pearson para comprobar la correlación entre las variables (p < 0,05). Se verificó una correlación negativa entre la impulsividad y la realización del principio táctico ofensivo de mobilidad. Así los jugadores menos impulsivos son más propensos a involucrarse en comportamientos asociados con este principio de manera efectiva. Se concluyó que la impulsividad se relación com el comportamiento táctico de jugadores de fútbol Sub-11, específicamente el principio de la mobilidad.

Análise dos padrões ofensivos da Seleção Espanhola de Futebol na Copa do Mundo FIFA® 2010 em relação ao "status" da partida / Analysis of the offensive patterns of the Spanish National Soccer Team in the 2010 FIFA® World Cup, in relation to match status

Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar o comportamento tático da seleção espanhola de futebol durante a Copa do Mundo FIFA(r) 2010, considerando o resultado parcial das partidas, em quatro diferentes situações: "Empate", "Vitória+1", "Vitória+2", e "Derrota-1". A amostra foi composta por 894 sequências ofensivas da seleção espanhola nos seus sete jogos durante a competição. Para a coleta dos dados recorreu-se às observações dos vídeos dos jogos gravados a partir de transmissões de uma estação de televisão. Foram analisadas as variáveis de jogo: Tempo de realização do ataque, Número de contatos com a bola, Número de bolas recebidas/Número de passes, Velocidade de transmissão da bola, Local de aquisição ou recuperação da posse de bola e Forma de aquisição ou recuperação da posse de bola. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se estatística descritiva e os testes de Qui-quadrado e Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0,05). Foram verificadas diferenças significativas apenas para as variáveis "Velocidade de transmissão da bola", "Local e Forma de aquisição e recuperação da posse de bola". Em suma, foi possível inferir que o comportamento tático do time espanhol não sofreu alteração significativa no decorrer da competição, independente do "status" da partida

This paper aimed to analyze the tactical behavior of Spain National Football Team during the FIFA(r) World Cup, in four different match statuses: Draw, Win+1, Win+2, and Loss-1. The sample comprised 894 offensive sequences performed over Spain's seven matches during the tournament. Data analysis was performed through observations of video footage recorded from a TV station. Following variables were analyzed of play: Achievement time of the attack, Number of contacts with the ball, Number of balls received/Number of passes, Ball transmission speed, Location of acquisition and recovery of ball possession and Form of acquisition and recovery of ball possession. Descriptive statistics were conducted, and so were Chi-Square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The significance level was set to p < 0.05. Significant differences were found for the following variables: "ball transmission speed", "location and form of acquisition and recovery of ball possession". In conclusion, it was possible to infer that the tactical behavior of the Spanish team underwent few modifications during the tournament regarding match status

O Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano e a Data de Nascimento podem condicionar a ascensão de jogadores de Futebol ao alto nível de rendimento? / Could the Human Development Index and Birth-Date of the players influence the climbing up to higher performance in Soccer?

O presente trabalho objetiva identificar a possível influência do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) e da data de nascimento (DN) na ascensão de jogadores ao alto nível de rendimento. A amostra integra os 643 jogadores que disputaram o Campeonato Brasileiro Série A de 2010. Foram coletados dados referentes à data e ao local de nascimento juntamente com seu IDH. Foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e os testes Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Qui-quadrado, Kruskall-Wallis e coeficiente de corelação de Pearson. O nível de significância adotado foi de α=0,05. Os resultados sugerem que jogadores nascidos em cidades com valores populacionais inferiores a 100 mil habitantes, com IDH médio (entre 0,501-0,800) e, nascidos nos primeiros meses do ano, apresentam maiores chances de atingir a elite. Afigura-se plausível concluir que a DN e o IDH são fatores que associados podem determinar a ascensão de jogadores ao alto rendimento.

The present study verifies the possible influence of the human development index (HDI) and the birth-date (BD) on the climb up to higher performance in sports, considering Brazilian football context. The sample comprised all 643 players from 20 teams of the Premier Football League in Brazil. The data were collected from official website of Brazilian National Federation, United Nations Development Programme and Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Descriptive analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, chi-square test (c ²), Pearson correlation and Kruskall-Wallis H test were carried out. The level of significance was set at α=0.05. The results suggested that contextual factors associated with size and HDI of birth-place and birth-date contribute to the achievement of the Premier Football League. Thus, players were born in the first months of the year and in cities with medium or higher HDI had more conditions to climb up the elite level of Brazilian Football.