RESUMO
The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment is a dark matter detector centered on a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. This Letter reports results from LUX-ZEPLIN's first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with an exposure of 60 live days using a fiducial mass of 5.5 t. A profile-likelihood ratio analysis shows the data to be consistent with a background-only hypothesis, setting new limits on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon, spin-dependent WIMP-neutron, and spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross sections for WIMP masses above 9 GeV/c^{2}. The most stringent limit is set for spin-independent scattering at 36 GeV/c^{2}, rejecting cross sections above 9.2×10^{-48} cm at the 90% confidence level.
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine the amount of deviation in nasolabial shape in patients with a cleft compared with an average non-cleft face, and to assess whether this difference is related to nasolabial aesthetics. Three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric images of 60 patients with a unilateral cleft were used. To quantify shape differences, four average non-cleft faces were constructed from stereophotogrammetric images of 141 girls and 60 boys. Three-dimensional shape differences were calculated between superimposed cleft faces and the average non-cleft face for the same sex and age group. Nasolabial aesthetics were rated with the modified Asher-McDade Aesthetic Index using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Mean VAS scores ranged from 51.44 to 60.21 for clefts, with lower aesthetic ratings associated with increasing cleft severity. Shape differences were found between cleft faces and the average non-cleft face. No relationship was found for the VAS, age, and sex, except that a lower VAS was related to a higher nose and lip distance between the superimposed cleft and average non-cleft faces for nasal profile (P= 0.02), but the explained variance was low (R2=0.066). In conclusion, except for nasal profile, nasolabial aesthetics were not influenced by the extent of shape differences from the average non-cleft face.
Assuntos
Fenda Labial , Fissura Palatina , Estética Dentária , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Masculino , NarizRESUMO
Valproic acid (VPA) is an anti-epileptic drug known to cause congenital craniofacial abnormalities, including orofacial clefts (OFC). The exact mechanisms by which VPA leads to craniofacial skeletal malformations are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of VPA on cartilage and bone formation in the zebrafish larval head during 1-13 hpf (early) and 25-37 hpf (late) development in which cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) arise and then proliferate and differentiate, respectively. Double-staining for cartilage and bone at 5 dpf revealed that VPA reduced cartilage and bone formation in a dose-dependent manner after both early or late exposure. Several different CNCC-derived cartilage and bone elements were affected in both groups. In the early group (100 µM VPA), the posterior head length and the ethmoid plate were reduced in length (both p < 0.01), while mineralization of 4 out of 9 bone elements was often lacking (all p < 0.01). In the late group (100 µM VPA), also the posterior head length was reduced as well as the length of the ceratohyals (both p < 0.01). Similar to early exposure, mineralization of 3 out of 9 bone elements was often lacking (all p < 0.01). These results indicate that both CNCC formation (early) and differentiation (late) are hampered by VPA treatment, of which the consequences for bone and cartilage formation are persistent at 5 dpf. Indeed, we also found that the expression of several genes related to cartilage and bone was upregulated at 5 dpf. These data indicate a compensatory reaction to the lack of cartilage and bone. Altogether, VPA seems to induce craniofacial malformations via disturbed CNCC function leading to defects in cartilage and bone formation.
Assuntos
Cartilagem/anormalidades , Crânio/anormalidades , Ácido Valproico/farmacologia , Proteínas de Peixe-Zebra/genética , Animais , Cartilagem/efeitos dos fármacos , Cartilagem/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cartilagem/patologia , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Condrogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Condrogênese/genética , Fenda Labial/induzido quimicamente , Fenda Labial/genética , Fenda Labial/fisiopatologia , Fissura Palatina/induzido quimicamente , Fissura Palatina/genética , Fissura Palatina/fisiopatologia , Embrião não Mamífero , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Cabeça/anormalidades , Cabeça/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Larva/genética , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Crista Neural/efeitos dos fármacos , Crista Neural/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Crista Neural/patologia , Crânio/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ácido Valproico/efeitos adversos , Peixe-Zebra/genética , Peixe-Zebra/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Craniofacial development is tightly regulated and therefore highly vulnerable to disturbance by genetic and environmental factors. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) direct migration, proliferation and survival of cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) forming the human face. In this study, we analyzed bone and cartilage formation in the head of five dpf fgf8ati282 zebrafish larvae and assessed gene expression levels for 11 genes involved in these processes. In addition, in situ hybridization was performed on 8 and 24â hours post fertilization (hpf) larvae (fgf8a, dlx2a, runx2a, col2a1a). A significant size reduction of eight out of nine craniofacial cartilage structures was found in homozygous mutant (6-36%, P<0.01) and heterozygous (7-24%, P<0.01) larvae. Also, nine mineralized structures were not observed in all or part of the homozygous (0-71%, P<0.0001) and heterozygous (33-100%, P<0.0001) larvae. In homozygote mutants, runx2a and sp7 expression was upregulated compared to wild type, presumably to compensate for the reduced bone formation. Decreased col9a1b expression may compromise cartilage formation. Upregulated dlx2a in homozygotes indicates impaired CNCC function. Dlx2a expression was reduced in the first and second stream of CNCCs in homozygous mutants at 24â hpf, as shown by in situ hybridization. This indicates an impairment of CNCC migration and survival by fgf8 mutation.
RESUMO
The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is one of the most frequent microdeletion syndromes and presents with a highly variable phenotype. In most affected individuals, specific but subtle facial features can be seen. In this observational study, we aim to investigate the craniofacial and dental features of 20 children with a confirmed diagnosis of 22q11.2DS by analyzing 3-dimensional (3D) facial surface scans, 2-dimensional (2D) clinical photographs, panoramic and cephalometric radiographs, and dental casts. The 3D facial scans were compared to scans of a healthy control group and analyzed using a spatially dense geometric morphometric approach. Cephalometric radiographs were digitally traced, and measurements were compared to existing standards. Occlusal and dental features were studied on dental casts and panoramic radiographs. Interestingly, a general trend of facial hypoplasia in the lower part of the face could be evidenced with the 3D facial analysis in children with 22q11.2DS compared to controls. Cephalometric analysis confirmed a dorsal position of the mandible to the maxilla in 2D and showed an enlarged cranial base angle. Measurements for occlusion did not differ significantly from standards. Despite individual variability, we observed a retruded lower part of the face as a common feature, and we also found a significantly higher prevalence of tooth agenesis in our cohort of 20 children with 22q11.2DS (20%). Furthermore, 3D facial surface scanning proved to be an important noninvasive, diagnostic tool to investigate external features and the underlying skeletal pattern.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Craniofaciais/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome de DiGeorge/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Bélgica , Cefalometria , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Masculino , Modelos Dentários , Fenótipo , Fotografação , Radiografia PanorâmicaRESUMO
Common variants in interferon regulatory factor 6 ( IRF6) have been associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) as well as with tooth agenesis (TA). These variants contribute a small risk towards the 2 congenital conditions and explain only a small percentage of heritability. On the other hand, many IRF6 mutations are known to be a monogenic cause of disease for syndromic orofacial clefting (OFC). We hypothesize that IRF6 mutations in some rare instances could also cause nonsyndromic OFC. To find novel rare variants in IRF6 responsible for nonsyndromic OFC and TA, we performed targeted multiplex sequencing using molecular inversion probes (MIPs) in 1,072 OFC patients, 67 TA patients, and 706 controls. We identified 3 potentially pathogenic de novo mutations in OFC patients. In addition, 3 rare missense variants were identified, for which pathogenicity could not unequivocally be shown, as all variants were either inherited from an unaffected parent or the parental DNA was not available. Retrospective investigation of the patients with these variants revealed the presence of lip pits in one of the patients with a de novo mutation suggesting a Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) phenotype, whereas, in other patients, no lip pits were identified.
Assuntos
Fenda Labial/genética , Fissura Palatina/genética , Fatores Reguladores de Interferon/genética , Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Cistos/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Humanos , Lábio/anormalidades , Mutação/genética , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Tooth agenesis and orofacial clefts represent the most common developmental anomalies and their co-occurrence is often reported in patients as well in animal models. The aim of the present systematic review is to thoroughly investigate the current literature (PubMed, EMBASE) to identify the genes and genomic loci contributing to syndromic or non-syndromic co-occurrence of tooth agenesis and orofacial clefts, to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying their dual involvement in the development of teeth and facial primordia. Altogether, 84 articles including phenotype and genotype description provided 9 genomic loci and 26 gene candidates underlying the co-occurrence of the two congenital defects: MSX1, PAX9, IRF6, TP63, KMT2D, KDM6A, SATB2, TBX22, TGFα, TGFß3, TGFßR1, TGFßR2, FGF8, FGFR1, KISS1R, WNT3, WNT5A, CDH1, CHD7, AXIN2, TWIST1, BCOR, OFD1, PTCH1, PITX2, and PVRL1. The molecular pathways, cellular functions, tissue-specific expression and disease association were investigated using publicly accessible databases (EntrezGene, UniProt, OMIM). The Gene Ontology terms of the biological processes mediated by the candidate genes were used to cluster them using the GOTermMapper (Lewis-Sigler Institute, Princeton University), speculating on six super-clusters: (a) anatomical development, (b) cell division, growth and motility, (c) cell metabolism and catabolism, (d) cell transport, (e) cell structure organization and (f) organ/system-specific processes. This review aims to increase the knowledge on the mechanisms underlying the co-occurrence of tooth agenesis and orofacial clefts, to pave the way for improving targeted (prenatal) molecular diagnosis and finally to reflect on therapeutic or ultimately preventive strategies for these disabling conditions in the future.
Assuntos
Anodontia/genética , Encéfalo/anormalidades , Fenda Labial/genética , Fissura Palatina/genética , Estudos de Associação Genética , Anodontia/fisiopatologia , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Fenda Labial/fisiopatologia , Fissura Palatina/fisiopatologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Ontologia Genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Especificidade de Órgãos , Fenótipo , Biossíntese de Proteínas/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: KBG syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by intellectual disability and associated with macrodontia of the upper central incisors, specific craniofacial findings, short stature and skeletal anomalies. Genetic corroboration of a clinical diagnosis has been possible since 2011, upon identification of heterozygous mutations in or a deletion of the ANKRD11 gene. METHODS: We summarized the height data of 14 adults and 18 children (age range 2-16 years) with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of KBG syndrome. Two of these children were treated with growth hormones. RESULTS: Stature below the 3rd centile or -1.88 standard deviation score (SDS) was observed in 72% of KBG children and in 57% of KBG adults. Height below -2.50 SDS was observed in 62% of KBG children and in 36% of KBG adults. The mean SDS of height in KBG children was -2.56 and in KBG adults -2.17. Two KBG children on growth hormone therapy increased their height by 0.6 and 1 SDS within 1 year, respectively. The former also received a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist due to medical necessity. CONCLUSION: Short stature is prevalent in KBG syndrome, and spontaneous catch-up growth beyond childhood appears limited. Growth hormone intervention in short KBG children is perceived as promising.
Assuntos
Doenças do Desenvolvimento Ósseo/complicações , Transtornos do Crescimento/tratamento farmacológico , Hormônio do Crescimento Humano/uso terapêutico , Deficiência Intelectual/complicações , Anormalidades Dentárias/complicações , Anormalidades Múltiplas , Criança , Fácies , Transtornos do Crescimento/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Objective : The purpose of this longitudinal retrospective study was to evaluate transverse maxillary expansion after a Schuchardt or segmental posterior subapical maxillary osteotomy (SPSMO) in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). A second aim was to compare these data with data for adult patients without CLP who were receiving a surgical assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE). Method : The study group comprised 19 patients with CLP and a severe transversally collapsed maxilla who were treated with SPSMO followed by hyrax expansion at the University Hospitals Leuven. Dental casts of the 19 patients were analyzed before treatment, at maximum expansion, during orthodontic treatment, at the completion of orthodontic treatment. and 2 years after orthodontic treatment and were measured at the canine, premolar, and molar levels. Adult patients without CLP who were enrolled in a prospective study served as the control group. Results : Maxillary expansion within the study group was significantly greater (P < .05) at all measured levels compared with the maxillary arch before treatment. No significant relapse was measured in the study group 2 years after orthodontic treatment. When comparing the study and control groups, the only statistical difference was that canine expansion was significantly greater in the study group. Conclusion : SPSMO followed by maxillary expansion and orthodontic treatment is an appropriate treatment option to correct a severe transversally collapsed maxilla in patients with CLP. The overall treatment effect of SPSMO expansion is comparable with the effects of SARPE, although canine expansion was greater in the SPSMO group.
Assuntos
Fenda Labial/terapia , Fissura Palatina/terapia , Maxila/anormalidades , Osteotomia/métodos , Técnica de Expansão Palatina , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Ortodontia , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Solitary Median Maxillary Central Incisor syndrome is a rare condition (prevalence 1:50,000), with the characteristic dental feature of a solitary central incisor in the maxilla, positioned exactly in the midline. This single incisor is symmetrical and can be present in the deciduous as well as in the permanent dentition. The syndrome can occur as a mild form of the broad holoprosencephaly-spectrum, but can also be associated with other characteristics. The etiology is still largely unknown, but the syndrome is probably based especially on genetic causes. Early recognition of the syndrome is of great importance for establishing the diagnosis, for additional investigation, for possible treatment of associated anomalies and for the correct advice concerning the risk of inheritance of severe congenital birth defects, related to holoprosencephaly. Dentists and orthodontists can play an important role in this regard and should therefore be able to recognise the clinical features of this condition and know how to refer a patient for further diagnostic counselling.
Assuntos
Holoprosencefalia/complicações , Incisivo/anormalidades , Anormalidades Dentárias/etiologia , Anormalidades Múltiplas , Holoprosencefalia/diagnóstico , Humanos , Maxila , Síndrome , Anormalidades Dentárias/genéticaAssuntos
Assistência Odontológica para Crianças/tendências , Dente não Erupcionado/genética , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Previsões , Humanos , Erupção Dentária/genética , Erupção Dentária/fisiologia , Erupção Ectópica de Dente/genética , Erupção Ectópica de Dente/reabilitação , Dente não Erupcionado/diagnósticoRESUMO
In the tooth eruption mechanism, various disturbances can appear as a result of gene mutations, a consequence of which can be that tooth eruption does not occur. There are 5 syndromes which involve the complete failure of several or even all teeth to erupt, specifically: cleidocranial dysplasia, Gardner's syndrome, osteopetrosis, mucopolysaccharidosis and GAPO syndrome. Some are very rare and will seldom be encountered in a dental practice, but they show how vulnerable the tooth eruption mechanism is. Dentists are generally the ones who identify a tooth eruption problem in a patient. Since syndromes can be associated with other disorders, additional investigation by a clinical geneticist is always important when a syndrome is suspected.
Assuntos
Erupção Dentária/genética , Erupção Dentária/fisiologia , Dente não Erupcionado/genética , Alopecia/genética , Alopecia/fisiopatologia , Anodontia/genética , Anodontia/fisiopatologia , Displasia Cleidocraniana/genética , Displasia Cleidocraniana/fisiopatologia , Síndrome de Gardner/genética , Síndrome de Gardner/fisiopatologia , Transtornos do Crescimento/genética , Transtornos do Crescimento/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Mucopolissacaridoses/genética , Mucopolissacaridoses/fisiopatologia , Atrofias Ópticas Hereditárias/genética , Atrofias Ópticas Hereditárias/fisiopatologia , Osteopetrose/genética , Osteopetrose/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Objective : The purpose of this longitudinal retrospective study was to evaluate transverse maxillary expansion after a Schuchardt or segmental posterior subapical maxillary osteotomy (SPSMO) in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). A second aim was to compare these data with data for adult patients without CLP who were receiving a surgical assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE). Method : The study group comprised 19 patients with CLP and a severe transversally collapsed maxilla who were treated with SPSMO followed by hyrax expansion at the University Hospitals Leuven. Dental casts of the 19 patients were analyzed before treatment, at maximum expansion, during orthodontic treatment, at the completion of orthodontic treatment. and 2 years after orthodontic treatment and were measured at the canine, premolar, and molar levels. Adult patients without CLP who were enrolled in a prospective study served as the control group. Results : Maxillary expansion within the study group was significantly greater (P < .05) at all measured levels compared with the maxillary arch before treatment. No significant relapse was measured in the study group 2 years after orthodontic treatment. When comparing the study and control groups, the only statistical difference was that canine expansion was significantly greater in the study group. Conclusion : SPSMO followed by maxillary expansion and orthodontic treatment is an appropriate treatment option to correct a severe transversally collapsed maxilla in patients with CLP. The overall treatment effect of SPSMO expansion is comparable with the effects of SARPE, although canine expansion was greater in the SPSMO group.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Apert syndrome is a severe developmental malformation, clinically characterised by craniosynostosis, midface hypoplasia, a cone-shaped calvarium, ocular manifestations, typical dental findings and syndactyly of the hands and feet. Early craniosynostosis of the coronal suture, the cranial base and agenesis of the sagittal suture are prodromal characteristics for the typical craniofacial appearance in patients with Apert syndrome. CASE REPORTS: The aim of this report was to describe the maxillofacial and orthodontic management of three patients with Apert syndrome who attended the Craniofacial, Maxillofacial and Orthodontic clinics of the University Hospitals of the KU Leuven (Belgium). The typical clinical features, the general orthognathic treatment approach as well as individual approaches of three patients with Apert syndrome are being highlighted. FOLLOW-UP: The three patients with Apert syndrome have been followed up very closely by all involved specialised departments as well as by multidisciplinary teams from birth. CONCLUSION: This report demonstrated that a combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment plan could significantly improve the occlusal function as well as the facial and occlusal aesthetics in patients with Apert syndrome.
Assuntos
Acrocefalossindactilia/terapia , Planejamento de Assistência ao Paciente , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Cefalometria/métodos , Criança , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Má Oclusão Classe III de Angle/cirurgia , Má Oclusão Classe III de Angle/terapia , Ortodontia Corretiva/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ortognáticos/métodos , Osteotomia de Le Fort/métodos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Anormalidades Dentárias/terapiaRESUMO
The physiology of masseter muscles is known to change in response to functional demands, but the effect on the satellite cell (SC) population is not known. In this study, the hypothesis is tested that a decreased functional demand of the masseter muscle causes a reduction of SCs. To this end, twelve 5-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were put on a soft diet (SD, n = 6) or a hard diet (HD, n = 6) and sacrificed after 14 days. Paraffin sections of the superficial masseter and the m. digastricus (control muscle) were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for tissue survey and with anti-myosin heavy chain (MHC) for slow and fast fibres. Frozen sections of both muscles were double-stained for collagen type IV and Pax7. Slow MHC fibres were equally distributed in the m. digastricus but only localized in a small area of the m. masseter. No differences between HD or SD for the m. digastricus were found. The m. masseter had more SCs per fibre in HD than in SD (0.093 ± 0.007 and 0.081 ± 0.008, respectively; P = 0.027). The m. masseter had more fibres per surface area than the m. digastricus in rats with an SD group (758.1 ± 101.6 and 568.4 ± 85.6, P = 0.047) and a HD group (737.7 ± 32.6 and 592.2 ± 82.2; P = 0.007). The m. digastricus had more SCs per fibre than the m. masseter in the SD group (0.094 ± 0.01 and 0.081 ± 0.008; P = 0.039). These results suggest that reduced masseter muscle function is related to a lower number of SCs. Reduced muscle function might decrease microdamage and hence the requirement of SCs in the muscle fibres.
Assuntos
Músculo Masseter/fisiologia , Células Satélites de Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Animais , Contagem de Células , Colágeno Tipo IV/metabolismo , Dieta , Masculino , Músculo Masseter/citologia , Músculo Masseter/metabolismo , Cadeias Pesadas de Miosina/metabolismo , Músculos do Pescoço/citologia , Músculos do Pescoço/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição PAX7/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-DawleyAssuntos
Catarata/congênito , Defeitos dos Septos Cardíacos/genética , Defeitos dos Septos Cardíacos/patologia , Microftalmia/genética , Microftalmia/patologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Catarata/genética , Catarata/patologia , Códon sem Sentido/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto/genética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of developmental defects of enamel on maxillary premolars in patients with cleft lip and/or palate. In addition, the relationship with the surgical technique of soft palate closure was studied. Such a relationship could be suspected since formation of enamel occurs around the same time period as soft palate closure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study consisted of three groups. Patients from the first group (n = 123) were recruited from the Cleft Lip and Palate Team of the University Hospitals Leuven (CLPT-UHL). The second group (n = 81) consisted of patients consulting the Cleft Lip and Palate Team of the Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen (CLPT-UMCN). Healthy non-cleft lip and/or palate patients (n = 100) recruited from a private orthodontic practice were enrolled in group 3. All maxillary premolars were examined. RESULTS: Out of the total sample, 43 patients showed developmental defects on one or more premolars. All defects occurred in patients of group 1 who received surgical closure by the CLPT-UHL. None of the patients from group 2 and 3 showed defects. CONCLUSIONS: It can be suggested that the surgical technique, used by the CLPT-UHL for soft palate closure, causes these defects. It is postulated that the technique used by the CLPT-UHL leads to interference with the blood supply of the developing premolar at a critical stage of tooth enamel development. More research is needed to confirm these findings.
Assuntos
Dente Pré-Molar/anormalidades , Fenda Labial/cirurgia , Fissura Palatina/cirurgia , Esmalte Dentário/anormalidades , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Maxila/patologia , Palato Mole/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/cirurgia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this prospective study was to monitor patients' microbiological and clinical periodontal parameters prior and up to 2 years after orthodontic treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four adolescents were treated with brackets. Fourteen of them received bands on upper first molars for extra-oral force application before bonding brackets to the remaining teeth. Microbiology, periodontal probing depth, bleeding on probing (BOP), and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) flow were assessed at baseline (T1), bracket removal (T2), and 2 years post-treatment (T3). A statistical comparison was made over time and between bands and brackets. RESULTS: A significant increase from T1 to T2 and a decrease from T2 to T3 in pathogenicity of plaque were noted. No significant difference was observed concerning supragingival colony-forming units (CFU) ratio (aerobe/anaerobe) between T3 and T1. However, the subgingival CFU ratio (aerobe/anaerobe) at T3 did significantly differ from the ratio at T1. Periodontal probing depth, BOP and GCF flow showed a significant increase between T1 and T2 and a reduction between T2 and T3, resulting in the absence of significant differences between T3 and T1, except for BOP at banded sites. CONCLUSION: Placement of fixed appliances has an impact on periodontal parameters. The results showed that not all parameters were normalized at T3, indicating that the changes are only partially reversible.
Assuntos
Boca/microbiologia , Braquetes Ortodônticos , Índice Periodontal , Adolescente , Bactérias Aeróbias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias Anaeróbias/isolamento & purificação , Carga Bacteriana , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Aparelhos de Tração Extrabucal , Feminino , Seguimentos , Líquido do Sulco Gengival/metabolismo , Hemorragia Gengival/classificação , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Bolsa Periodontal/classificação , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
In the literature many different mutations of the WNT10A-gene have been described in relation to the prevalence of tooth agenesis. Such mutations can result in strongly divergent phenotypes. Clinically a single phenotype can lead to either simple hypodontia or to comprehensive syndromatic disorders. Both the Schöpf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome (SPSS) and odonto-onycho-dermal dysplasia (OODD) as well as isolated tooth agenesis have been associated with mutations of this gene. If the WNT10A-gene were to be included in DNA-tests, it has been predicted that 70% of the cases of isolated hypodontia could be explained by a WNT10A-gene mutation. An analysis of all reported cases in the research literature shows that patients with a mutation in both alleles always show a phenotype. More than half of them also have, in addition to hypodontia, clinical disorders in other ectodermal tissue. When only one allele is affected, there is a 41.3% chance that he or she will be asymptomatic.
RESUMO
Bisphosphonates are used in the treatment of various diseases which are associated with a disturbance of the balance between bone apposition and degradation. The most important complication of bisphosphonate use is osteonecrosis of the jaw. Certain components of an orthodontic treatment plan, such as the extraction of 1 or more teeth, are important risk factors in developing this complication. In addition to the desired effects on the bone metabolism, bisphosphonates may delay tooth eruption and inhibit or block orthodontic tooth movement. Nevertheless, case studies suggest that orthodontic treatment is possible despite the use of bisphosphonates. However, it is recommended to avoid orthodontic treatment unless this is strictly indicated.