RESUMO
Assuntos
Terapia Diretamente Observada , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Espanha , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricos , Antituberculosos/administração & dosagem , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Falha de Tratamento , Pessoas Mal Alojadas/estatística & dados numéricos , Seguimentos , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem , Idoso , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
This study compares the fertility effects of inducing ovulation using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) versus gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) at the end of a 5-day progesterone(P4)-based protocol for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in heat-stressed and non-heat stressed anestrous lactating dairy cows. Heat stress (HS) was defined as an environmental temperature-humidity index (THI)â¯>â¯72. A P4 intravaginal device (CIDR) was fitted for five days and GnRH administered upon CIDR insertion and a double dose (24â¯h apart) of prostaglandin F2α upon CIDR removal. Cows then received either GnRH (GnRH group; nâ¯=â¯506), or hCG (hCG group; nâ¯=â¯493) 36â¯h after CIDR removal and were inseminated 50-56â¯h after CIDR removal. Ovulation failure was investigated in a subset of 425 cows: 223 and 202 receiving GnRH and hCG, respectively. Based on odds ratios, the interaction between treatment and HS had a significant effect on the ovulation failure rate (Pâ¯=â¯0.01). This meant that compared to the rates recorded in non-heat-stressed, GnRH-treated cows (13%), ovulation failure in heat-stressed GnRH-treated cows (25.3%) was more likely by a factor of 2.3 (Pâ¯=â¯0.04), in non-heat-stressed hCG-treated cows (2.3%) was less likely by a factor of 0.16 (Pâ¯=â¯0.02) and was not significantly different in heat-stressed hCG-treated cows (7%). Interactions between treatment and HS and between treatment and parity had a significant effect on the pregnancy rate (Pâ¯=â¯0.0001 and Pâ¯=â¯0.001, respectively). The treatment-HS interaction determined that compared to the rates recorded in non-heat-stressed, GnRH-treated cows (30.5%), pregnancy in heat-stressed GnRH-treated cows (17.6%) was less likely by a factor of 0.48 than the remaining cows (Pâ¯=â¯0.001), whereas because of the treatment-parity interaction, compared to the rates recorded in primiparous, GnRH-treated cows (31.4%), pregnancy in GnRH-treated multiparous cows (18.9%) was less likely to conceive by a factor of 0.51 than the remaining cows (Pâ¯=â¯0.002). No significant effects of treatment on the rates of pregnancy loss or twin pregnancy were identified by binary logistic regression. In conclusion, hCG treatment given at the end of a 5-day P4-based protocol for FTAI improved ovulation and pregnancy rates in anestrous cows under conditions of HS and also had a beneficial impact on the pregnancy rate in anestrous multiparous cows throughout the year.
Assuntos
Bovinos/fisiologia , Gonadotropina Coriônica/farmacologia , Temperatura Alta , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Ovulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Progesterona/farmacologia , Animais , Fertilidade/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
This study compares the effects of inducing ovulation using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) at the end of a 5-day progesterone(P4)-based protocol for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in lactating dairy cows on ovarian dynamics and fertility. A P4 intravaginal device (PRID) was fitted for five days and GnRH administered upon PRID insertion and a double dose (24 h apart) of prostaglandin F2α upon PRID removal. Cows received either GnRH (GnRH group; n = 98), 1000 IU hCG (hCG-1 group; n = 97), or 3000 IU hCG (hCG-2 group; n = 104) 36 h after PRID removal and were inseminated 50-56 h after PRID removal. Based on Tukey-Kramer tests, cows in hCG-1 and hCG-2 showed a larger follicle diameter at AI than cows in GnRH (P < 0.05). HCG-2 treatment increased corpus luteum (CL) size on Day 7 post-AI compared with the GnRH and hCG-1 treatments (P < 0.05). Based on odds ratios, the likelihood of ovulation failure decreased with increasing follicle diameter at AI (P = 0.002). Cows in hCG-1 or hCG-2 that did not become pregnant were more likely to return to estrus than cows in GnRH (P < 0.01). A larger CL size post-AI was related to an increased conception rate at FTAI (P = 0.003). Cows given hCG-2 treatment showed a 1.9-fold cumulative pregnancy rate after two rounds of AI compared to cows receiving GnRH. Our results indicate that hCG treatment hCG treatment used to induce ovulation at the end of a short protocol for FTAI improves follicular/luteal dynamics compared to GnRH treatment. Of the two hCG treatments tested, better results were obtained with the 3000 IU dose.
Assuntos
Bovinos , Gonadotropina Coriônica/farmacologia , Lactação/fisiologia , Ovulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Progesterona/farmacologia , Animais , Feminino , Inseminação Artificial , Gravidez , Progesterona/administração & dosagem , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The pre-weaning survival of 508 piglets was studied with a categorical survival analysis, evaluating the effect of medium-long-chain triglyceride (MCT-LCT) supplementation on small newborn pigs, and determining additional risk factors. Half of the 98 piglets born with birth weight (BW)<1250 g received 1.95 g of MCT-LCT each 24 h during the first 3 days of life, and their death hazard was reduced 1.9-fold in relation with small unsupplemented siblings. The death hazard ratio (HR) of supplemented animals compared to 410 heavier littermates was not different. However, the HR for newborn pigs that were small in relation with their siblings was 2.8, and the HR for litters with >12 piglets born alive was 4.5. There was variation across months, and also piglets from primiparous sows had increased hazard of death (HR=4.0).
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle , Triglicerídeos/administração & dosagem , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Análise de Sobrevida , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/dietoterapia , Doenças dos Suínos/mortalidadeRESUMO
A case of occupational asthma due to ethylenediamine, commonly used in different industrial fields, appearing in a man 56 years old who worked in the laundry powder industry is presented. The diagnosis was confirmed by specific bronchial challenge and appeared as a late bronchoconstrictive response. The appearance of inespecific bronchial responsiveness after the bronchial challenge is emphasized.