Implementation of a Regional Standardised Model for Perinatal Electronic Medical Records.

Electronic recording of newborn health information contributes to improving the quality of care. Nonetheless, there is limited evidence on the implementation of perinatal electronic medical records models. We describe the development and implementation of an electronic recording model that includes data on the health care provided to both the mother and the newborn, standardised for six hospitals of a regional health care system. The implementation process was developed in 2 stages. During stage 1, the tool was introduced in hospitals to stablish first contact with the healthcare staff. The second stage consisted in designing a new strategy to stabilise the model. Technical issues were fixed, and a new version was drawn up based on multidisciplinary agreement. Indicators to monitor implementation were measured in both stages and compared using the chi-squared test. During stage 1, nearly every newborn got its electronic medical record with an appropriate connection to the mother's data. However, certain forms that were meant to be filled in by staff were frequently neglected (completion rates: 36.7%-55.3%). In stage 2, there was a statistically significant increase in the completion rates of all these forms. As a result, a standardised discharge report was provided to every newborn at the end of stage 2. The PCR model implemented in the Region of Murcia is an innovative example of how the digitalisation and standardisation of data related to the care of healthy newborns at maternity wards is feasible across an entire network of hospitals.

Implementation of a neonatal donation protocol in the neonatal intensive care unit: A single-center experience.

BACKGROUND: Lack of specific protocols for neonatal donation contributes to the rarity of neonatal donors. In this study, we evaluate the impact of the implementation of a neonatal donation protocol in our NICU. METHODS: In this single-center study, we conducted a retrospective chart review of neonatal deaths in our NICU from January 2013 to January 2022. The study was divided into two periods: before and after the implementation of a neonatal donation protocol. The referral rates of potential neonatal donors to the OPO in the two periods were compared using the chi-square test. A p value < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Sixty-four infants were reviewed. Seven (10.9%) met the inclusion criteria for potential neonatal donors after DCC. The referral rate of potential neonatal donors increased from 2.5% to 16.7% after the implementation of this protocol (p = .041), and one infant (4.1%) became an effective heart-valve donor. CONCLUSION: The implementation of a local neonatal donation protocol could have contributed to increase the referral rate of potential neonatal donors in our NICU. Following the implementation of a local neonatal donation protocol, we were able to perform a heart-valve donation for the first time in our unit.

Public Policies and Programs for the Prevention and Control of Breast Cancer in Latin American Women: Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer has positioned itself worldwide as one of the main public health problems, especially in Latin America. In some countries, several programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer in women have been developed and implemented on a permanent basis, but there are no public reports on the policies that originated such programs. OBJECTIVE: A scoping review of scientific publications that identify the type, extent, and scope of policies and programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer in Latin American women was performed, and the main results were presented in this paper. METHODS: This scoping review was carried out according to the method by Arksey and O'Malley based on 3 fundamental questions about breast cancer prevention and control policies in Latin America: their type, extent and scope, and reference framework. The search period was from 2000 to 2019, and the search was carried out in the following databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), MEDLINE (EbscoHost), CINAHL (EbscoHost), Academic Search Complete (EbscoHost), ISI Web of Science (Science Citation Index), and Scopus in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, and Scielo, Cochrane, and MEDES-MEDicina in Spanish and Portuguese. Of the 743 studies found, 20 (2.7%) were selected, which were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: The selected studies identified several Latin American countries that have generated policies and programs to prevent and control breast cancer in women, focusing mainly on risk communication, prevention and timely detection, effective access to health services, improvement of the screening process, and evaluation of screening programs. Evaluation criteria and greater participation of civil society in policy design and program execution are still lacking. This could undoubtedly help eliminate existing barriers to effective action. CONCLUSIONS: Although several Latin American countries have generated public policies and action programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer, a pending issue is the evaluation of the results to analyze the effectiveness and impact of their implementation given the magnitude of the public health problem it represents and because women and civil society play an important role in its prevention and control. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/12624.

The Moderating Effect of Resilience on Mental Health Deterioration among COVID-19 Survivors in a Mexican Sample.

Resilience has been reported to be a protective psychological variable of mental health; however, little is known about its role in COVID-19 survivors. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the levels of depression, anxiety, stress, traumatic impact, and resilience associated with COVID-19, as well as to investigate the role of resilience as a moderating variable. A sample of 253 participants responded to an online survey; all were previously diagnosed with COVID-19 by a nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR test, were older than 18 years, and signed an informed consent form. Significant negative correlations were found between resilience and the mental health variables. Higher resilience was significantly related to a lower impact of the event, stress, anxiety, and depression when the number of symptoms was low. Only when the duration of COVID-19 was short and resilience levels were medium or high was psychological distress reduced. Moreover, resilience moderated the effects of COVID-19 on mental health, even if a relapse occurred. The results emphasize the need for interdisciplinary interventions aimed at providing COVID-19 patients with psychological and social resources to cope with the disease, as well as with probable relapses.

Stretched penile length at birth: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Micropenis is an endocrinological condition that is habitually observed at birth. Diagnosis is made by measuring the stretched penile length, a method established 80 years ago. Discrepancies in the normative data from recent studies raise the need for a current revision of the methodology. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this systematic review were to compare the different normative data of SPL at birth, to examine the methodological aspects of the technique and to evaluate the independent variables that may be involved. METHODS: Searches were performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scielo, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science. A combination of the relevant medical terms, keywords and word variants for "stretched penile length", "penile length", "penile size", "newborn" and "birth" were used. Eligibility criteria included normative studies that used the stretched penile length (SPL) measurement on a population of healthy, full-term newborns during the first month of life. The outcomes studied included characteristics of the studies, methodological aspects and independent variables. RESULTS: We identified 49 studies comprising 21,399 children. Significant discrepancies are observed between the different studies. Methodological aspects seem to be consistent and similar. The main independent variables appear to be ethnic group and gestational age. Main limitations were the absence of studies of entire world regions such as Europe or South America, and the heterogeneity of the ethnic background that complicates the analysis. CONCLUSIONS: It seems advisable to suggest the creation of customized reference charts for each specific population instead of resorting to the classic cut-off points.

Phase 3 Clinical Trial: Perioperative Use of Nonacog Gamma, a Recombinant Factor IX, in Previously Treated Patients With Moderate/Severe Hemophilia B.

Hemostatic management is essential for ensuring the safety of patients with hemophilia during surgery. This phase 3, prospective, uncontrolled trial, evaluated hemostatic efficacy, consumption, and safety of a recombinant factor IX concentrate, nonacog gamma (BAX 326, Rixubis® [Baxalta US Inc., a Takeda company, Lexington, MA, USA]), in intraoperative and postoperative settings in previously treated patients (PTPs) with severe or moderately severe hemophilia B undergoing elective surgery (N = 38 surgeries; 21 major, 17 minor). Predefined preoperative hemostatic factor IX levels (80-100% of normal for major and 30-60% for minor surgeries) were maintained for each patient. Intraoperative efficacy was rated as "excellent" or "good" for all surgeries. Postoperative hemostatic efficacy on day of discharge was rated as "excellent," "good," and "fair," respectively, for 29 (76.3%), 7 (18.4%), and 2 (5.3%) surgical procedures. All adverse events were considered unrelated to study drug; most frequently reported was mild procedural pain (9 patients). No thrombotic events, severe allergic reactions, or inhibitor formation were observed. Nonacog gamma was well tolerated and effective for intraoperative and postoperative hemostatic management of PTPs with hemophilia B.NCT01507896, EudraCT: 2011-000413-39.

[Recommendations for the care of the umbilical cord in the newborn]. / Recomendaciones para el cuidado del cordón umbilical en el recién nacido.

The care of the umbilical cord until its detachment still remains controversial. The latest updated recommendations by the World Health Organisation advocate dry cord care in those countries with adequate obstetric care and low neonatal mortality rate. In recent years, new studies and reviews attribute some benefit to applying chlorhexidine on the umbilical stump. An analysis is presented here of the available evidence and results in the advisability of still recommending the dry cord care in the newborns in our setting.

Diseño y adecuación de una solución gluco-proteica con calcio a las necesidades de recién nacidos pre-término / Design and adequacy of a glycoprotein solution with calcium for the needs of preterm newborn infants

RESUMEN Nuestro objetivo fue diseñar una solución gluco-proteica estandarizada con aporte de calcio y evaluar su adecuación en recién nacidos pre-término en las primeras horas de vida. Método: Se realizó un estudio piloto entre febrero de 2016 y febrero de 2017 en el que se diseñaron dos soluciones gluco-proteicas (vía central y vía periférica) para ser utilizadas en recién nacidos en las primeras horas de vida, que se adaptasen a los requerimientos de todos los recién nacidos en función del ritmo de infusión. Se diseñaron según las recomendaciones existentes y se elaboró el protocolo normalizado de trabajo para describir el proceso de elaboración y los controles de calidad requeridos (visual, gravimétrico y microbiológico). Se monitorizo la respuesta de esta solución gluco-proteica en recién nacidos pre-término. Resultados principales: Se elaboraron 54 lotes de soluciones glucoproteicas por vía central y 52 por vía periférica que se administraron a 47 recién nacidos pre-término sin presentarse complicaciones ni efectos adversos. Conclusiones: la concentración de calcio de la solución gluco-proteica se adapta a las necesidades de la mayoría de los recién nacidos pre-término. La elaboración de soluciones estandarizadas disminuye la carga de trabajo del servicio de farmacia y los costes económicos asociados.

ABSTRACT Our aim was to design a standardized glycoprotein solution with calcium and evaluate adequacy for preterm newborn infants in the first hours of life. Method: Pilot study conducted between February 2016 and February 2017. Two glycoprotein solutions were designed (central and peripheral administration) to be used in newborns in the first hours of life to provide the requirements of all newborns depending on the infusion rhythm. The solutions were designed according to current recommendations, the standard operating procedure was drawn up describing the elaboration process, and the quality controls required (visual, gravimetric and microbiological). The response of this solution in preterm newborns was monitored. Main results: During the study, 54 batches of central glycoprotein solutions and 52 of peripheral glycoprotein solutions were prepared and administered to 47 preterm newborns without complications or side effects in relation to their administration. Conclusions: The concentration of calcium used in the glycoprotein solution formulation was adapted to the requirements of most preterm newborns. The development of standardized solutions reduces the workload of the pharmacy service and the associated economic costs.

Neurofisiología y bruxismo / Neurophysiology and bruxism

El bruxis mo muestra una fi siopatología compleja, donde se involucran señales aferentes y eferentes reguladas por el SNC a través de la expresión de neurotransmisores que repercute en una hiperactividad muscular disfuncional y eventualmente dañina. Para intentar comprender bruxismo desde sus particularidades neurofi siológicas, fue realizada una revisión bibliográfi ca en las bases de Medline y PubMed con el objetivo de establecer la relación entre neurotransmisores y el sistema neuromasticatorio, señalando las posibles alteraciones en su liberación que desencadenen irregularidades en los movimientos rítmicos de la mandíbula (rhythmic jaw Mmovement [RJM]) durante el sueño, inducidos por desórdenes en el sistema nervioso central, por trastornos psicológicos y psiquiátricos, drogadicción y prescripciones médicas, y en alguna medida a una respuesta reactiva a situaciones locales y cambios adaptativos. El funcionamiento masticatorio depende de la integración del aporte sensorial (aferente) de componentes como lo son el ligamento periodontal, músculos masticatorios, dientes y articulación temporomandibular, que puede ser perturbado; cuando alguna de estas partes sufre alteraciones en su integridad, infl amación o sobrecarga funcional o por alteraciones morfológicas, observándose una variedad de respuestas adaptativas y compensatorias (eferentes). En bruxismo esta información local es de relevancia menor, ya que este se rige por cambios centrales observados durante el sueño o bien alteraciones de infl uencia psicológica durante el bruxismo diurno. Consiguientemente, el bruxismo trae apareados cambios biológicos, emocionales y de conducta que repercuten en músculos mayores, preferentemente localizados en cabeza y cuello, ocasionando de manera secundaria numerosas alteraciones; particularmente en la región estomatognática, se observan diversos deterioros como daño de las mucosas, dolor miofascial y articular y atrición dental. La comprensión de los complejos procesos neurofi siológicos que determinan la aparición y persistencia de bruxismo puede ayudar a establecer estrategias de control y tratamiento (AU)

Bruxism shows a complex pathophysiology, where afferent and aff erent signals regulated by the CNS, through the expression of neurotransmitters with repercussion in dysfunctional and eventually harmful muscular hyperactivity. To try to understand bruxism from its neurophysiological peculiarities, a bibliographic review was carried out on the bases of Medline and PubMed, with the aim of establishing the relationship between neurotransmitters and the neuromasticatory system, pointing out the possible alterations in their release that trigger irregularities in the rhythmic movements of the jaw (rhythmic jaw movement [RJM]) during sleep induced by disorders in the central nervous system, psychological and psychiatric alterations, drug addiction and medical prescriptions, and to some extent, a reactive response to local situations and adaptive changes. The masticatory functioning depends on the integration of the sensory input (aff erent) of components such as the periodontal ligament, masticatory muscles, teeth and temporomandibular joint, which can be disturbed when any of these parts suff er alterations in their integrity, infl ammation, functional overload or morphological alterations, observing a variety of adaptive and compensatory (efferent) responses. In bruxism, this local information is of minor relevance, since it is governed by central changes observed during sleep or changes in psychological infl uence during daytime bruxism. Consequently, bruxism brings with it biological, emotional and behavioral changes that aff ect major muscles, preferably located in the head and neck, causing in a secondary way many other alterations. Particularly in the stomatognathic region, several deteriorations are observed, such as mucosal damage, myofascial and joint pain and dental attrition. The understanding of the complex neurophysiological processes that determine the appearance and persistence of bruxism can help to establish control and treatment strategies (AU)

Bruxismo e implantes dentales / Bruxism and dental implants

En ausencia de guías clínicas que permitan ponderar factores de riesgo para el manejo del paciente bruxista, respecto a los índices de supervivencia de los implantes dentales y restauraciones que soporta, se realiza esta revisión bibliográfi ca a través de una búsqueda electrónica, indagando cómo un incremento en la función muscular pudiera signifi car un factor de riesgo para el implante mismo o para sus diferentes componentes y tipos de diseño protésico. Fue encontrada una diversidad de información contrastante en cuanto a los efectos que tiene el bruxismo en pacientes que han recibido un tratamiento de implantes, respecto a diagnóstico, manejo y adecuaciones o compensaciones que pudieran ser requeridas. En este reporte se ofrecen algunas recomendaciones respecto a la valoración clínica de los individuos con historial de bruxismo para mejor estimar los riesgos de colocación de implantes en sus bocas y poder reducirlos o sobrepasarlos (AU)

The lack of clinical guides to assess the risk factor for the treatment of a patient with bruxism and its relationship with the survival rate of the dental implants and its restoration has motivated a literature review on the subject. This examination was done through an electronic search, looking for the possible association between an increased muscular function as a risk factor and the damage possibility to dental implants or their diff erent prosthetic components. The obtained information was rather contrasting regarding the eff ects that bruxism may lead on dental implant treatment, as well as on diagnosis, management, and treatment plan modifi cations. A number of recommendations are given regarding evaluations of individuals with bruxism to better estimate risk factors to control or overpass them in benefi t of the patients seeking rehabilitation through the use of dental implants (AU)

[Pulse oximetry screening of critical congenital heart defects in the neonatal period. The Spanish National Neonatal Society recommendation]. / Cribado de cardiopatías congénitas críticas en el periodo neonatal. Recomendación de la Sociedad Española de Neonatología.

Due to its severity, as well as the consequences of a late diagnosis, critical congenital heart defects (CCHD) represent a challenging situation, making an early diagnosis necessary and ideally before symptoms appear when circulatory collapse or death of the newborn can occur. Due to this, a prenatal and very early postnatal diagnosis is very important. Prenatal ultrasound screening and physical examination of the newborn can miss a considerable number of CCHD cases. Pulse oximetry screening has been demonstrated to be an effective, non-invasive, inexpensive, and well accepted tool in the early diagnosis of CCHD. The Spanish National Society of Neonatology, through its Standards Committee, and based on the current evidence, recommend the implementation of pulse oximetry screening of CCHD in Spain, and then to offer the best therapy possible to these newborn infants.

Central-peripheral Temperature Monitoring as a Marker for Diagnosing Late-onset Neonatal Sepsis.

BACKGROUND: The prognosis for late-onset sepsis depends largely on a timely diagnosis. We assess central-peripheral temperature difference monitoring as a marker for late-onset neonatal sepsis diagnosis. METHODS: We performed a prospective, observational study focusing on a cohort of 129 very low-birth-weight infants. Thermal gradient alteration was defined as a difference of > 2°C maintained during 4 hours. We then determined its association with the late-onset sepsis variable through logistic regression. RESULTS: We enrolled 129 preterm babies in 52 months. Thermal gradient alterations showed an adjusted odds ratio for late-onset sepsis of 23.60 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.80-81.88), with a sensitivity of 83% and negative predictive value of 94%. In 71% of cases, thermal gradient alteration was the first clinical sign of sepsis, while C-reactive protein was < 1.5 mg/dL in 64% of cases and procalcitonin < 2 ng/mL in 36%. These figures indicate potential for early diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Sustained increases of central-peripheral temperature differences are an early sign of evolving late-onset sepsis.

[Guidelines for prevention, detection and management of hyperbilirubinaemia in newborns of 35 or more weeks of gestation]. / Recomendaciones para la prevención, la detección y el manejo de la hiperbilirrubinemia en los recién nacidos con 35 o más semanas de edad gestacional.

Hyperbilirubinaemia is one of the most frequent causes of hospital readmission during the first week of life. Its detection is still a big challenge, mainly due to the early discharge from the hospital that can be associated with a delay of the diagnosis. The identification of those newborns at risk of developing significant hyperbilirubinaemia is one of the main priorities in the public health care system. An approach to the management of newborn jaundice is presented in this article, following the recommendations based on the medical evidence and on the opinion of the Standards Committee of the Spanish Society of Neonatology.

[Recommendations for the unequivocal identification of the newborn]. / Recomendaciones para la identificación inequívoca del recién nacido.

Newborn identification is a legal right recognised by international and national laws. Moreover, improving the accuracy of correct patient identification is an important goal of patient safety solutions programs. In this article, the Standards Committee of the Spanish Society of Neonatology establishes recommendations to ensure correct identification of the newborn whilst in hospital. Currently, the most reliable method of identification of the newborn is the combination of identification cord clamp and bracelets (mother bracelet, newborn bracelet and cord clamp with the same number and identical and exclusive barcode system for each newborn) and the collection of maternal and umbilical cord blood samples (for DNA testing only for identification purposes).

[Hospital discharge criteria for very low birth weight newborns]. / Criterios de alta hospitalaria para el recién nacido de muy bajo peso al nacimiento.

Hospital discharge criteria for the pre-term newborn are mainly based on physiological competences (thermoregulation, respiratory stability, and feeding skills), although family support and ability to care for the baby, as well as a well-planned discharge are also cornerstones to ensure a successful discharge. In this article, the Committee of Standards of the Spanish Society of Neonatology reviews the current hospital discharge criteria in order for it to be useful as a clinical guide in Spanish neonatal units.