RESUMO
Cannabis is a plant that is cultivated worldwide, and its use is internationally regulated, but some countries have been regulating its medicinal, social, and industrial uses. This plant must have arrived in Peru during the Spanish conquest and remains widely cultivated illicitly or informally to this day. However, new regulations are currently being proposed to allow its legal commercialization for medicinal purposes. Cannabis contains specific metabolites known as cannabinoids, some of which have clinically demonstrated therapeutic effects. It is now possible to quantitatively measure the presence of these cannabinoids in dried inflorescences, thus allowing for description of the chemical profile or "chemotype" of cannabinoids in each sample. This study analyzed the chemotypes of eight samples of dried inflorescences from cannabis cultivars in four different regions of Peru, and based on the significant variation in the cannabinoid profiles, we suggest their therapeutic potential. The most important medical areas in which they could be used include the following: they can help manage chronic pain, they have antiemetic, anti-inflammatory, and antipruritic properties, are beneficial in treating duodenal ulcers, can be used in bronchodilators, in muscle relaxants, and in treating refractory epilepsy, have anxiolytic properties, reduce sebum, are effective on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, are proapoptotic in breast cancer, can be used to treat addiction and psychosis, and are effective on MRSA, in controlling psoriasis, and in treating glioblastoma, according to the properties of their concentrations of cannabidiol, cannabigerol, and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, as reviewed in the literature. On the other hand, having obtained concentrations of THC, we were able to suggest the psychotropic capacity of said samples, one of which even fits within the legal category of "non-psychoactive cannabis" according to Peruvian regulations.
RESUMO
Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la ingestión de Banisteriopsis caapi y Psychotria viridis 'Binomio ayahuasca' en el hipocampo de cerebro de ratas. Diseño: Estudio experimental, descriptivo, analítico, transversal. Institución: Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Ratas. Intervenciones: Administración del binomio ayahuasca por vía orogástrica a ratas albinas adultas de la especie Rattus novergicus y de cepa Holtzman. A siete grupos de cinco con un peso promedio de 240 ± 30 g se les administró (GI) blanco, (GII) 2,5 mL diazepam, (GIII) 0,7 mL solución de Banisteriopsis caapi, (GIV) 0,7 mL Psychotria viridis, y a los grupos (GV), (GVI) y (GVII) se administró 0,7 mL, 3,5 mL y 7,0 mL de solución del binomio ayahuasca, respectivamente. Principales medidas de resultados: Macroscópicos: comportamiento de reflejos y actividad motora. Microscópicos: número de células piramidales y granulosas, y desorganización celular. Resultados: En el tamizaje fitoquímico del extracto se caracterizó presencia de alcaloides, antraquinonas, triterpenoides y esteroides, fenoles, flavonoides y saponinas. Los volúmenes de droga administradas a los grupos de intervención con el binomio en la dosis de 0,7 mL manifestaron significativo aumento en el número de células granulosas sobre las células piramidales; a dosis de 3,5 mL el número de células granulosas fue menor con presencia de células piramidales grandes y pequeñas; y a dosis de 7,0 mL se manifestó desorganización celular, presencia de células piramidales grandes y pequeñas, y aumento de células granulosas. Conclusiones: El extracto alcohólico del binomio ayahuasca presenta efecto neuropatológico en el hipocampo del cerebro de ratas. (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Banisteriopsis , Psychotria , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Peru , Plantas Medicinais , Modelos Animais , Medicina TradicionalRESUMO
A dermatite atópica (DA) é a doença dermatológica crônica mais frequente na infância e traz impacto negativo na qualidade de vida do paciente e de seus familiares. Os probióticos surgem como uma nova opção terapêutica, pela sua capacidade de modulação da reposta imunológica do hospedeiro, produzindo benefícios à saúde. Realizou-se uma busca nas plataformas de dados científicos PubMed, SciELO e Cochrane, apurando estudos nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Baseado nos bancos de descritores DeCS e MeSH foram utilizadas as seguintes palavras/expressões: probiotics, probiotics and atopic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis and child e suas correspondentes nas demais línguas, sendo selecionados estudos entre 1993 e 2014. Considerando o papel dos probióticos na prevenção da DA, foram encontrados sete ensaios clínicos randomizados, sendo que quatro destes apresentaram desfecho positivo e os demais foram inconclusivos. Avaliando-se as possibilidades terapêuticas dos probióticos, cinco dos sete estudos analisados evidenciaram que a imunomodulação exercida pelas cepas probióticas tem melhor resposta à DA, além de menos efeito colateral que o obtido com o uso de corticoides e imunossupressores sistêmicos. O uso de probióticos na prevenção e no tratamento da DA mostrou-se seguro e eficaz, com descrição de efeitos colaterais em apenas um estudo. É possível que a suplementação com probióticos alcance seu lugar no manejo clínico da DA, podendo ser uma alternativa mais interessante e menos onerosa se comparada à terapia conservadora utilizada atualmente.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic skin disease in childhood and it causes negative effect on patients? and their families? quality of life. The probiotics arise as a new therapeutic option for their ability to modulate the host?s immune response and produce benefits on their health. The authors searched on the scientific databases PubMed, SciELO and Cochrane, assessing studies in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Based on the descriptive databases of MeSH and DeCS, the following words/ phrases were used: probiotics, probiotics and atopic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis and child and their correspondents in other languages, studies were selected between 1993 and 2014. Considering the role of probiotics in the prevention of AD, seven randomized controlledtrials were found, four of those had a positive outcome and the others were inconclusive. Evaluating probiotics? therapeutic potential, five of the seven analyzed studies showed that the immunomodulation exerted by probiotic strains has a better answer for AD, as well as minor side effects than those obtained with the use of systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. The use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of AD proved to be safe and effective, being that side effects have been reported in only one study. It is possible that supplementation with probiotics can play a role in the clinical management of AD, being a more interesting and less expensive alternative compared to conservative therapy currently used