Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and factors associated with non-adherence: a cohort study at two referral services in Brazil.

This cohort study evaluated non-adherence to antiretrovirals at referral services in Pernambuco, Brazil, 2016/2017, through self-report. A generalized mixed-effects model for binary outcomewas used. We assessed 542 participants with an adherence rate of 85.50%. A greater chance of non-adherence was associated with:a low/moderate level of nicotine dependence (OR = 2.79, p = 0.00, IC = 1.44-5.41); ≥7 tablets/day (OR = 6.14, p = 0.00, IC = 3.42-11.02); LPV/r (OR = 1.49, p = 0.6, IC = 0.98-2.26), ddI (OR = 3.34, p = 0.03, IC = 1.12-9.97), ABC (OR = 4.02, p = 0.05, IC = 1.01-16.03), RAL (OR = 2.49, p = 0.01, IC = 1.32-4.70) and DTG (OR = 4.65, p = 0.01, IC = 1.42-15.16); 6-10 year seropositive diagnosis (OR = 2.17, p = 0.01, IC = 1.20-3.92) and symptoms of depression (OR = 1.55, p = 0.03, IC = 1.03-2.33). Protective factors for non-adherence weres: ≥50 years (OR = 0.67, p = 0.06, IC = 0.45-1.01), secondary/higher education (OR = 0.48, p = 0.00, IC = 0.34-0.70), embarrassment at health service (OR = 0.49, p = 0.04, IC = 0.24-0.97), good understanding of antiretrovirals (OR = 0.62, p = 0.03, IC = 0.40-0.96), adverse event (OR = 0.74, p = 0,06, IC = 0.54-1.01), use of TDF (OR = 0.62, p = 0.01, IC = 0.43-0.90), NVP (OR = 0.41, p = 0.05, IC = 0.71-1.00) and EFZ (OR = 0.48, p = 0.01, IC = 0.29-0.80) and good knowledge of HIV/AIDS/ART. (OR = 0.67, p = 0.07, IC = 0.43-1.04). Variables with stronger association were those linked to ART. Systematic use of self-report adherence is recommended for priority groups.

Cuidado pré-operatório para pacientes em estágio terminal de doença na perspectiva dos enfermeiros / Preoperative care for patients in terminal stage of disease from the perspective of nurses

RESUMO Objetivo compreender os significados atribuídos pelos enfermeiros à assistência pré-operatória prestada a pacientes em estágio terminal de doenças. Métodos pesquisa qualitativa que utilizou como referencial metodológico a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados e foi realizada nas enfermarias cirúrgicas de um hospital universitário. Resultados participaram da pesquisa onze enfermeiros. Elaborou-se uma teoria para o fenômeno central: Os enfermeiros cuidando de pacientes em estágio terminal de doença no período pré-operatório no contexto de uma enfermaria cirúrgica. Conclusão os enfermeiros atribuem significados a este cuidado que tem particularidades próprias, que requer preparo do profissional e que demanda, ainda, mais de uma comunicação efetiva dentro da equipe multidisciplinar e na relação com paciente e família. Contribuições para a prática: a teoria apresentada permite a reflexão do profissional sobre sua práxis, a compreensão das condições intervenientes para os dilemas éticos e conflitos envolvidos e consequências, além de estratégias para melhorar a assistência neste cenário.

ABSTRACT Objective to understand the meanings attributed by nurses to preoperative care provided to terminal disease patients. Methods qualitative research that used the Grounded Theory as methodological reference and was conducted in the surgical wards of a university hospital. Results eleven nurses participated in the research. A theory was elaborated for the central phenomenon: Nurses caring for terminal disease patients in the preoperative period in the context of a surgical ward. Conclusion nurses attribute meanings to this care that has its own particularities, that requires professional preparation and that demands, even more, an effective communication within the multidisciplinary team and in the relationship with the patient and family. Contributions to practice: the theory presented allows professionals to reflect on their praxis, understand the intervening conditions for ethical dilemmas and conflicts involved and consequences, as well as strategies to improve care in this scenario.

Effectiveness of four antiretroviral regimens for treating people living with HIV.

The aim of this study was to compare 4 different ARV regimens in a clinical cohort in Brazil, with regard to the virologic and immunologic responses, clinical failure and reasons for changing. To compare the virologic response and clinical failure between groups we used the Cox and Kaplan Meier proportional hazard models. To analyze the immunologic outcome, we used multilevel GLLAMM and mixed effect linear regression models. To compare regimen change outcomes we used the Pearson's chi-square test. We included 840 participants distributed across the groups according to the initial ART regimen. The mean follow-up period was 27.8 months. Almost half the sample initiated ART with AIDS-related signs/symptoms. Virologic response was effective in 79.6% of participants within 12 months. The tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz group presented a higher proportion of virologic response (VL<50 at 6 months) when compared to the zidovudine/lamivudine/efavirenz group. There was no difference between the regimens regarding the immunologic response. A total of 17.3% of individuals changed regimen because of failure and 46.5% due to adverse events. Changes due to adverse events were more frequent in the group using zidovudine/lamivudine/efavirenz. The proportion of hospitalizations at 1 year was higher in the zidovudine/lamivudine/efavirenz group when compared to the tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz group. The effectiveness outcomes between the regimens were similar. Some differences may be due to the individual characteristics of patients, toxicity and acceptability of drugs. Studies are needed that compare similarly effective regimens and their respective treatment costs and financial impacts on SUS (Integrated Healthcare System).

Impaired religiosity and spiritual distress in people living with HIV/AIDS. / Religiosidade prejudicada e sofrimento espiritual em pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the inference of Nursing Diagnoses, Impaired religiosity and Spiritual distress in people living with HIV/AIDS. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, performed in a specialized Service CenteR of Recife, Pernambuco, from June to November 2015. The results related to 52 people living with HIV/AIDS and that were interviewed were analyzed by three nurse judges. RESULTS: Spiritual distress was estimated at 73.1% (38), Impaired religiosity at 36.5% (19), with an average number of defining characteristics of 3.88 ± 2.05 and 2.55±0.69. The main defining characteristic for Impaired religiosity was: "reports a need to reconnect with previous beliefs" (92.3%); and for Spiritual distress, it was: "Expresses a lack of purpose in life/expresses lack of meaning in life" (86.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The results point to the need to consider the religious-spiritual dimension in care protocols and research in nursing.

Religiosidade prejudicada e sofrimento espiritual em pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids / Religiosidad deteriorado y espiritual sufrimiento en personas con VIH/sida / Impaired religiosity and spiritual distress in people living with HIV/AIDS

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a inferência dos Diagnósticos de Enfermagem, Religiosidade prejudicada e Sofrimento espiritual em pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em um Serviço de Assistência Especializada de Recife, Pernambuco, de junho a novembro de 2015. Os resultados relacionados às 52 pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS entrevistadas foram analisados por três juízes enfermeiros. Resultados Estimou-se em 73,1% (38) a incidência de Sofrimento espiritual, 36,5% (19) de Religiosidade prejudicada, com número médio de características definidoras de 3,88±2,05 e 2,55±0,69. A principal característica definidora para a Religiosidade prejudicada foi: "relata necessidade de reconectar-se com crenças anteriores" (92,3%); e para Sofrimento espiritual: "expressa falta de finalidade na vida/expressa falta de significado na vida" (86,5%). Conclusões Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de considerar a dimensão religiosa-espiritual nos protocolos assistenciais e de pesquisa em enfermagem.

RESUMEN Objetivo Comprobar la inferencia de diagnósticos de enfermería, deterioro religiosidad y sufrimiento espiritual de personas con VIH/SIDA. Métodos Se trata de un estudio transversal, cuantitativo, realizado en un servicio de atención especializada de Recife, Pernanbuco, de junio a noviembre de 2015. Los resultados de 52 encuestados fueron analizados por tres jueces enfermeras. Resultados Se estimó en un 73,1% (38) la incidencia de sufrimiento espiritual, el 36,5% (19) de la Religiosidad con deficiencias, con un promedio características definitorias de 3,88 ± 2,05 y 2,55 ± 0,69. La principal características definitorias de Religiosidad alterada: los informes tienen que volver a conectar con creencias anteriores (92,3%); y Sufrimiento espiritual: expresión de la falta de propósito en la vida/falta de sentido de la vida (86,5%). Conclusiones Los resultados apuntan a la necesidad de considerar la dimensión religiosa-espiritual en los protocolos de atención y la investigación en enfermería.

ABSTRACT Objective To verify the inference of Nursing Diagnoses, Impaired religiosity and Spiritual distress in people living with HIV/AIDS. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, performed in a specialized Service CenteR of Recife, Pernambuco, from June to November 2015. The results related to 52 people living with HIV/AIDS and that were interviewed were analyzed by three nurse judges. Results Spiritual distress was estimated at 73.1% (38), Impaired religiosity at 36.5% (19), with an average number of defining characteristics of 3.88 ± 2.05 and 2.55±0.69. The main defining characteristic for Impaired religiosity was: "reports a need to reconnect with previous beliefs" (92.3%); and for Spiritual distress, it was: "Expresses a lack of purpose in life/expresses lack of meaning in life" (86.5%). Conclusions The results point to the need to consider the religious-spiritual dimension in care protocols and research in nursing.

Diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis and HIV/AIDS co-infection: a case series study in Pernambuco, Brazil.

HIV/AIDS-associated visceral leishmaniasis may display the characteristics of an aggressive disease or without specific symptoms at all, thus making diagnosis difficult. The present study describes the results of diagnostic tests applied to a series of suspected VL cases in HIV-infected/AIDS patients admitted in referral hospitals in Pernambuco, Brazil. From a total of 14 eligible patients with cytopenias and/or fever of an unknown etiology, and indication of bone marrow aspirate, 10 patients were selected for inclusion in the study. Diagnosis was confirmed by the following examinations: Leishmania detection in bone marrow aspirate, direct agglutination test, indirect immunofluorescence, rK39 dipstick test, polymerase chain reaction and latex agglutination test. Five out of the ten patients were diagnosed with co-infection. A positive direct agglutination test was recorded for all five co-infected patients, the Leishmania detection and latex agglutination tests were positive in four patients, the rK39 dipstick test in three, the indirect immunofluorescence in two and a positive polymerase chain reaction was recorded for one patient. This series of cases was the first to be conducted in Brazil using this set of tests in order to detect co-infection. However, no consensus has thus far been reached regarding the most appropriate examination for the screening and monitoring of this group of patients.

Diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis and HIV/AIDS co-infection: a case series study in Pernambuco, Brazil / Diagnosticando co-infecção leishmaniose visceral e HIV/AIDS: uma série de casos em Pernambuco, Brasil

HIV/AIDS-associated visceral leishmaniasis may display the characteristics of an aggressive disease or without specific symptoms at all, thus making diagnosis difficult. The present study describes the results of diagnostic tests applied to a series of suspected VL cases in HIV-infected/AIDS patients admitted in referral hospitals in Pernambuco, Brazil. From a total of 14 eligible patients with cytopenias and/or fever of an unknown etiology, and indication of bone marrow aspirate, 10 patients were selected for inclusion in the study. Diagnosis was confirmed by the following examinations: Leishmania detection in bone marrow aspirate, direct agglutination test, indirect immunofluorescence, rK39 dipstick test, polymerase chain reaction and latex agglutination test. Five out of the ten patients were diagnosed with co-infection. A positive direct agglutination test was recorded for all five co-infected patients, the Leishmania detection and latex agglutination tests were positive in four patients, the rK39 dipstick test in three, the indirect immunofluorescence in two and a positive polymerase chain reaction was recorded for one patient. This series of cases was the first to be conducted in Brazil using this set of tests in order to detect co-infection. However, no consensus has thus far been reached regarding the most appropriate examination for the screening and monitoring of this group of patients.

A associação da leishmaniose visceral com o HIV/AIDS pode se manifestar com características de doença agressiva ou sem sintomas específicos, dificultando o diagnóstico. Este artigo descreve o resultado de testes diagnósticos aplicados a uma série de casos suspeitos de leishmaniose visceral em pacientes com HIV/AIDS internados em hospitais de referência de Pernambuco, Brasil. De 14 pacientes elegíveis com citopenias e/ou febre de etiologia indefinida, com indicações de mielograma, foram incluídos dez. Para o diagnóstico, foram empregados os seguintes exames: pesquisa de Leishmania em aspirado de medula óssea, DAT, IFI, rK39, PCR e a KAtex. Cinco dos dez pacientes foram diagnosticados com co-infecção. Entre os cinco co-infectados, o DAT foi positivo em todos, a pesquisa de Leishmania foi positiva em quatro, assim como o KAtex, o rK39 em três, a IFI em dois e a PCR positiva em apenas um. Esta série de casos foi a primeira realizada no Brasil utilizando esse conjunto de exames para detecção de co-infecção, no entanto, ainda não há consenso quanto aos exames mais adequados a serem aplicados para screening e acompanhamento desse grupo de pacientes.