The Effects In Vitro of Photobiomodulation Over Fibroblasts and Extracellular Matrix.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on cell proliferation and extracellular matrix production of human fibroblasts (FN1) cultured in 2D. Background: Patients with healing difficulties suffer injuries that take time to recover. In addition, aging can be seen in our faces daily when we look in the mirror; in both situations, collagen production is reduced. Fibroblasts act in the beginning and at the end of the inflammation phase, signaling to immune agents, and platelets, and producing collagen, coordinating repair. PBM increases cell viability, proliferation, and mRNA production. Methods: Human fibroblasts were irradiated three times after cell seed (after 24, 48, and 72 h) using a gallium-aluminum arsenideGaAlAs low-level laser (LLL). Cell viability, proliferative response, synthesis of collagen types I and III, and soluble collagen production were analyzed. The statistical significance of differences between groups was determined using unpaired one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) p < 0.05. Results: PBM increased significantly the number of fibroblasts, and the production of collagen types I (Col I) and III (Col III), after three sessions of LLL with 2.5 J per session, every 24 h, for 3 consecutive days; total energy delivered after 72 h is 7.5 J. Conclusions: This energy density of LLL increases fibroblast proliferation and collagen production in vitro without side effects.

The effects in vitro of photobiomodulation over fibroblasts and extracellular matrix

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on cell proliferation and extracellular matrix production of human fibroblasts (FN1) cultured in 2D. Background: Patients with healing difficulties suffer injuries that take time to recover. In addition, aging can be seen in our faces daily when we look in the mirror; in both situations, collagen production is reduced. Fibroblasts act in the beginning and at the end of the inflammation phase, signaling to immune agents, and platelets, and producing collagen, coordinating repair. PBM increases cell viability, proliferation, and mRNA production. Methods: Human fibroblasts were irradiated three times after cell seed (after 24, 48, and 72 h) using a gallium-aluminum arsenideGaAlAs low-level laser (LLL). Cell viability, proliferative response, synthesis of collagen types I and III, and soluble collagen production were analyzed. The statistical significance of differences between groups was determined using unpaired one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) p < 0.05. Results: PBM increased significantly the number of fibroblasts, and the production of collagen types I (Col I) and III (Col III), after three sessions of LLL with 2.5 J per session, every 24 h, for 3 consecutive days; total energy delivered after 72 h is 7.5 J. Conclusions: This energy density of LLL increases fibroblast proliferation and collagen production in vitro without side effects.

Laser-photobiomodulation on titanium implant bone healing in rat model: comparison between 660- and 808-nm wavelength.

Laser-photobiomodulation (L-PBM) has been widely studied and its biomodulatory effects have been established on irradiated cells, increasing viability and proliferation and on damaged tissues. In addition, L-PBM may reduce and modulate the inflammatory process. The effect of 660-nm and 808-nm laser-photobiomodulation on bone repair around titanium dental implants placed in rat's femur was evaluated by histomorphometry. Twenty-seven Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups of nine animals: group C - non-irradiated control; group R - λ=660nm irradiated; and group IR - λ=808nm irradiated. Each group was further divided in 3 subgroups of three animals each, according to histomorphometry analysis in 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days after irradiation. Histological H.E.-stained slides were photographed, and bone matrix measured in new-formed bone area. Bone matrix histomorphometry analysis indicates that at 7 days in the irradiated groups (R and IR), a bigger area matrix was observed in relation to control group (C) (p=0.04 and p=0.048 respectively). On the other hand, at 14 days, control group (C) presented a bigger area than infrared irradiated (IR) (p=0.001) and red irradiated group (R) also showed a bigger area than infrared irradiated group (IR) (p=0.019). Histological analysis indicates that irradiated groups (R and IR) exhibited a faster bone tissue matrix production than control group.

Laser photobiomodulation in pressure ulcer healing of human diabetic patients: gene expression analysis of inflammatory biochemical markers.

Pressure ulcers (PU) are wounds located mainly on bone surfaces where the tissue under pressure suffers ischemia leading to cellular lesion and necrosis , its causes and the healing process depend on several factors. The aim of this study was evaluating the gene expression of inflammatory/reparative factors: IL6, TNF, VEGF, and TGF, which take part in the tissue healing process under effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT). In order to perform lesion area analysis, PUs were photographed and computer analyzed. Biochemical analysis was performed sa.mpling ulcer border tissue obtained through biopsy before and after laser therapy and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. The study comprised eight individuals, mean age sixty-two years old, and sacroiliac and calcaneous PU, classified as degree III and IV according to the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP). PUs were irradiated with low-level laser (InGaAIP, 100 mW, 660 nm), energy density 2 J/cm2, once a day, with intervals of 24 h, totaling 12 applications. The lesion area analysis revealed averaged improvement of the granulation tissue size up to 50% from pre- to post-treatment. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that IL6 values were not significantly different before and after treatment, TNF gene expression was reduced, and VEFG and TGF-ß gene expression increased after treatment. After LLLT, wounds presented improvement in gross appearance, with increase in factors VEFG and TGF-ß, and reduction of TNF; despite our promising results, they have to be analyzed carefully as this study did not have a control group.

Comparative Study of the Physiotherapeutic and Drug Protocol and Low-Level Laser Irradiation in the Treatment of Pain Associated with Temporomandibular Dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a structure of the craniofacial complex affected by neurological diseases. Orthopedic and musculoskeletal changes can also cause temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and pain. Low-level laser (LLL) therapy has been studied in the treatment of temporomandibular jaw (TMJ) dysfunction, and controversial results were obtained. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was comparing the physiotherapeutic and drug protocol (PDP) to LLL therapy in the treatment of pain associated with TMD. METHODS: A sample of 60 female patients, 20-50 years of age, TMD triggering agents (stress, parafunctional habits) controlled, was randomly divided into three groups, group 1 (G1)-LLL (780 nm laser, dose of 35.0 J/cm2, for 20 sec, thrice a week, for 4 weeks); group 2 (G2)-PDP (hot packs thrice a day, morning, afternoon, and evening, for 15 min, exercise of opening and closing the mouth, twice a day, myorelaxing and anti-inflammatory drug administration); and group 3 (G3)-Placebo (450 nm halogen lamp, Max LD Gnatus, light curing unit). RESULTS: Patients were evaluated every return appointment for the presence (P) or absence (A) of pain for 4 weeks and results were statistically analyzed. First week: 60% of G1, 100% G2, and 70% of G3-related pain. Second week: 55% of G1, 15% of G2, and 100% of G3-related pain. Third week: 10% of G1, 15% of G2, and 85% of G3-related pain. Last week: 0% of G1, 0% of G2, and 100% of G3-related pain. CONCLUSIONS: Based on obtained data, we concluded that, compared to PDP, LLL treatment is effective to control pain associated with TMD.

Direct Dental Tracks by Marcos Cavalcanti.

In this article, we will describe the modus operandi ofdirect dental tracks to intercept some maocclusions. These tracks are accessible to orthodontists, pediatric dentists, and general practitioners and can be implemented as soon a malocclusion is detected, thus restoring bilateral occlusal balance and normal individual growth and development.

Evaluation of the Proliferative Effects Induced by Low-Level Laser Therapy in Bone Marrow Stem Cell Culture.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of laser irradiation on dog bone marrow stem cells. BACKGROUND DATA: Low doses of low-level red laser positively affect the viability of mesenchymal stem cells, and also increase proliferation. METHODS: Low-level laser (wavelength, 660 nm; power output, 50 mW), was applied to dog bone marrow stem cell cultures (DBMSC). The energy densities delivered varied from 1 to 12J/cm(2). The effect of the laser irradiation was evaluated on cell proliferation measured with the MTT colorimetric test, cell cycle phase, and on lipidic peroxidation (free radical production). RESULTS: The results indicate that laser irradiation to DBMSC did not change the morphology of the cells, but significantly increased their viability and the number of cells at the G2/M phase with 6, 10, and 12 J/cm(2). On the other hand, malonaldehyde production was significantly enhanced with 8 J/cm(2). CONCLUSIONS: The parameters used to irradiate DBMSC increased significantly proliferation without producing high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Classe I com apinhamentos: relato de caso clínico / Class I anterior crowding: case report

Nesse caso, a má oclusão de Classe I com apinhamentos anteriores, foi tratada utilizando aparelho fixo com mecânica ortodôntica bioprogressiva para nivelar o plano oclusal e ganhar espaço para posicionar os dentes no arco dentário sem extração, atingindo uma oclusão funcional mantida com o uso de uma contenção funcional com placa planas 1. A terapia bioprogressiva mostrou eficiência na correção do plano oclusal, no ganho de espaços no arco dentário e a contenção funcional com placa planas ficou responsável pela manutenção da estabilidade dos resultados obtidos. O assunto é de relevância clínica já que as más oclusões de Classe I com apinhamentos anteriores estão entre os problemas mais frequentes apresentados pelos pacientes em nossa clínica diária, podendo atingir 30%6 a 77%17 da população. A correção da curva de Spee preservando o plano oclusal funcional respeita as características individuais e permite a correção dessa má oclusão obtendo resultados estáveis e estéticos

This Class I malocclusion with anterior crowding was corrected, using bioprogressive fixed mechanics to leveling the occlusal plane and win space to settle all teeth on the dental arch, reaching a functional occlusion, retained by a planas1 plate orthopedics retention. Bioprogressive therapy is effective correcting the occlusal plane, winning space in the dental arch, and the planas plate functional retention was responsible for keeping the stability of the results. This subject is clinically relevant, as Angle Class I malocclusions with anterior crowding are among the most frequent problems related by patients, 30%6 to 77%17 of the population that come over dental offices. Correcting Spee curve respecting functional occlusal plane preserves individual characteristics and allow the correction of this malocclusion with stable and esthetic results.