Protective effect of Sargussum vulgare sulfated polysaccharide against molecular, biochemical and histopathological damage caused by alloxan in experimental diabetic rats.

Diabetes is a serious condition that is linked to the development of oxidative stress. In the context of enhancing the biodiversity of Tunisia's flora, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of Sargussum vulgare sulfated polysaccharide (SVSP) on hyperglycemia and diabetes complications in the alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Our results showed a disturbance of carbohydrate, lipid, hematological and histopathological parameters, an increase in the α-amylase enzyme activity and damage to the pancreatic, hepatic and renal tissues in rats rendered diabetic by alloxan. In contrast, treatment with SVSP resulted in a correction of fasting and postprandial blood glucose and HbA1c through inhibition of pancreatic α-amylase. We also noticed an improvement in hemogram parameters and an attenuation of the pancreatic oxidative stress markers as well as histological protections. On the other hand, the administration of SVSP to diabetic rats caused, besides the correction of glycemic and lipid parameters, a good defense against hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of diabetes as well as good antioxidant status and histological protections.

Sulphated polysaccharide isolated from Sargassum vulgare: Characterization and hypolipidemic effects.

A sulphated polysaccharide from brown algae Sargassum vulgare (SVSP) was extracted and examined with respect to chemical, structural characterization and hypolipidemic effects. SVSP consisted mainly of sulphate and total sugars with low levels of lipids and proteins. Its structure was studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (RMN), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), infra-red spectroscopic, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analysis. Allowing us therefore to revealed that SVSP was composed of glucose, rhamnose, xylose, galactose, mannose and arabinose with XRD pattern that was typical for a semi-crystalline polymer and complexities of the spectra reflected its homogeneous structure. The administration of SVSP to obese rats is effective in lowering the body weight and inhibiting the lipase activity leading to notable regulation of lipid profile, increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, limiting lipid peroxidation; and protects liver-kidney functions proved by a decrease in the levels of toxicity parameters in blood, confirmed by histological study.

Anti-obesity effect and protection of liver-kidney functions by Codium fragile sulphated polysaccharide on high fat diet induced obese rats.

The present study investigates the hypolipidemic effects of sulphated polysaccharide obtained from Codium fragile (CFSP) in induced obese rats (HFD). The results showed an increase in body weight of HFD rats by 21.56% as compared to control normal rats. Moreover, serum lipase activity underwent an increase which led to an increase in the levels of total cholesterol (T-Ch), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Ch) in serum associeted with a decrease in the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Ch) in untreated HFD rats. This diet has disrupted the antioxidant status by decreasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)) and subsequently an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level in liver and kidney of obese rats. All these disturbances are significantly corrected by CFSP administration with no fatty deposits in the liver and a protective effect against renal histological alteration. This confirms the important role of this polysaccharide in the fight against oxidative stress and the prevention of hyperlipidemia.

Liver injury following small intestinal ischemia reperfusion in rats is attenuated by Pistacia lentiscus oil: antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

CONTEXT: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) not only leads to severe intestine damage but also induced subsequent destruction of remote organs. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the protective effect of Pistascia lentiscus L. (Anacardiaceae) oil on IIR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into three groups: sham, intestinal IR and P. lentiscus pretreatment (n = 18 each). In the pretreatment group, oil was administered 1 h before induction of warm ischemia. RESULTS: IIR led to severe liver damage manifested as a significant (p < .05) increase of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Pistacia lentiscus oil decreased the visible intestinal damage, as well as a significant decrease in serum AST and ALT levels. In addition, Pistacia lentiscus reduce liver injury, as evidenced by the decrease in liver tissue myeloperoxidase activity and lipoperoxidation (MDA) level. CONCLUSION: Pistascia lentiscus attenuates liver injury induced by IIR, attributable to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect.

Effects of Cymodocea nodosa extract on metabolic disorders and oxidative stress in alloxan-diabetic rats.

This new study aimed to evaluate for the first time the effect of Cymodocea nodosa extract (CNE) on α-amylase activity, hyperglycemia and diabetes complications in the alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The in vitro evaluation and oral administration of CNE to surviving diabetic rats inhibited key enzyme related to hyperglycemia as α-amylase, helped to protect the ß cells of the rats from death and damage confirmed by oral glucose test tolerance (OGTT), which leads to decrease in blood glucose level by 49% as compared to untreated diabetic rats. The CNE also decreased the triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol rates in the plasma of diabetic rats by 46%, 35%, and 21%, respectively, and increased the high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level by 36%, which helped maintain the homeostasis of blood lipid. When compared to those of the untreated diabetic rats, the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels in the pancreas, liver and kidney of the rats treated with this supplement were also enhanced significantly. Moreover, a significant decrease was observed in the lipid peroxidation level in the tested organs of diabetic rats after CNE administration. This positive effect of CNE was confirmed by histological study. Overall, the findings presented in this study demonstrate that CNE has both a promising potential with a valuable hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic functions.

Inhibitory activities of Cystoseira crinita sulfated polysaccharide on key enzymes related to diabetes and hypertension: in vitro and animal study.

The present study investigated the effect of the Cystoseira crinita sulfated polysaccharide (CCSP) on key enzymes activities related to diabetes in vitro and in diabetic rats. We found that CCSP inhibited pancreatic α-amylase with IC50 = 39.16 µg/ml and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity with IC50 = 58.35 µg/ml in vitro. In diabetic rats, the administration of CCSP reduced the activity of α-amylase in serum, pancreas, and intestine by 23%, 44.38%, and 45%, respectively as compared to untreated diabetic rats. Moreover, the administration of CCSP to surviving diabetic rats protects pancreas ß cells from death and damage, which leads to insulin levels. The decrease in α-amylase and the increase in insulin level lead to a decrease in glucose rate by 56% as compared to untreated diabetic rats. The inhibitory action of α-amylase activity and hypoglycemic effect of CCSP were confirmed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In addition, the administration of CCSP to surviving diabetic rats normalizes lipid profile, stimulates antioxidant capacity, and prevents liver-kidney toxicities, evidenced by decrease in serum indices of liver and kidney toxicity and confirmed by histological analysis. The overall findings presented in this study demonstrate that the administration of CCSP to diabetic rats can make it a potentially strong candidate for industrial application as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and liver-kidney dysfunctions.

Inhibition of key digestive enzymes related to hyperlipidemia and protection of liver-kidney functions by Cystoseira crinita sulphated polysaccharide in high-fat diet-fed rats.

The objective of this current study was to investigate the possible hyperlipidemic and antioxidative effects of Cystoseira crinita sulfated polysaccharide (CCSP) in rats fed with a high-fat diet, exhibited an inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase in vitro. In vivo administration of this extract to HFD-rats lowered body weight and potentially inhibited key enzymes of lipid metabolism and absorption as lipase activity in both plasma and small intestine, which led to a notable decrease of blood LDL- cholesterol (LDL-Ch) and triglycerides (TG) levels, and an increase in HDL-cholesterol (HDL-Ch) levels in HFD-rats. CCSP was also observed to protect the liver-kidney functions efficiently, by decreasing of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activities and creatinine, albumin, T-bilirubin, uric acid, and urea rates in plasma. The histological analysis of liver and kidney tissues further established the positive effect of CCSP.

Hypolipidemic effect of dihydroisoquinoline oxaziridine in high-fat diet-fed rats.

Obesity is a serious health problem that increases the risk of many complications, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This study aims to evaluate, for the first time, the effects of oxaziridine 3 on lipoprotein lipase activity in the serum of rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) on body weight, lipid profile and liver-kidney functions. The administration of oxaziridine 3 to HFD-rats lowered body weight and inhibited the lipase activity of obese rats leading to notable decrease of T-Ch, TGs and LDL-Ch levels accompanied with an increase in HDL-Ch concentration in serum. Moreover, the findings of this study revealed that oxaziridine 3 helped to protect liver tissue from the appearance of fatty cysts. Additionally, oxaziridine 3 administration to HFD-rats induces antioxidant activity proven by the increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and the decrease in Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels. It also induces the protection of liver-kidney functions confirmed by a decrease in the levels of toxicity parameters in blood.

Anti-obesity and lipid lowering effects of Cymodocea nodosa sulphated polysaccharide on high cholesterol-fed-rats.

This study aims to evaluate for the first time the effects of Cymodocea nodosa sulphated polysaccharide (CNSP) on lipase activity in vitro and in vivo to high fat diet (HFD)-rats on body weight, lipid profile and liver-kidney functions. The administration of CNSP decreases the body weight and inhibits lipase activity of obese rats in serum and intestine as compared with untreated HDF-rats. This decrease in lipase activity leads to lipid regulation shown by the decrease of total cholesterol (T-Ch), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and an increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in HFD-rats. Additionally, CNSP administration to HFD-rats induces anti-oxidant activity observed by the increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and the decrease in Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels and protects liver-kidney functions proven by a decrease in the levels of toxicity parameters in blood.

Inhibitory effects of Cymodocea nodosa sulphated polysaccharide on α-amylase activity, liver-kidney toxicities and lipid profile disorders in diabetic rats.

This study aimed to evaluate for the first time the effects of Cymodocea nodosa sulphated polysaccharide (CNSP) on the α-amylase activity, hyperglycaemia, liver-kidney functions, and pancreatic architecture of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Animals were allocated into four groups of seven rats each, the body weight and blood glucose levels were estimated periodically for 2 months of treatment by gastric gavages route. The CNSP effect was confirmed by biochemical procedures and histological study. The inhibition of α-amylase activity and protection of pancreatic ß-cells induced a decrease in the blood glucose levels and regulated the lipid profile in the plasma of the treated diabetic rats, which helped to maintain the homeostasis of blood lipid. Moreover, CNSP administration induced a significant decrease in the levels of lipid peroxidation in the pancreas, liver and kidney of diabetic rats and protects their functions attested by a decrease in the levels of toxicity parameters in blood.

Protective effects of Hammada scoparia flavonoid-enriched fraction on liver injury induced by warm ischemia/reperfusion.

CONTEXT: Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of liver damage during liver surgery and transplantation. Plants have historically been used in treating liver damage, and Hammada scoparia (Pomel) (Chenopodiaceae) has been reported to possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological and therapeutic activities. OBJECTIVE: In this study, a flavonoid-enriched fraction was used before the warm ischemia (WI) process as pharmacological preconditioning and in combination with technical postconditioning to evaluate their protective effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rats were divided into five groups: a sham group; a control group (Control-IR) that was submitted to 60 min WI; a Pharmacological Preconditioning group (PreC-IR) that received flavonoid-enriched fraction (200 mg/kg body weight); a Postconditioning group (PostC) and a PreC + PostC group. RESULTS: The use of the flavonoid-enriched fraction was noted to significantly (p < 0.05) reduce liver injury, as evidenced by the decrease in liver transaminase activities (AST and ALT) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lipid peroxidation (TBARS), levels as well as the enhancement of antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) responses. The results also indicated that, compared with the separate application of pharmacological preconditioning and postconditioning, the combination of both treatments was more effective in reducing tissue oxidative stress levels through modulating SOD, GSH-PX, and CAT activities. Furthermore, the combined protocol further decreased the liver morphological score compared with solo treatment. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Overall, the results indicate that the H. scoparia flavonoid-enriched fraction could be a promising candidate for future application as a pharmacological preconditioning agent against hepatic IRI.