Genetic and inflammatory factors underlying gestational diabetes mellitus: a review.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses a significant global health concern, impacting both maternal and fetal well-being. Early detection and treatment are imperative to mitigate adverse outcomes during pregnancy. This review delves into the pivotal role of insulin function and the influence of genetic variants, including SLC30A8, CDKAL1, TCF7L2, IRS1, and GCK, in GDM development. These genetic variations affect beta-cell function and insulin activity in crucial tissues, such as muscle, disrupting glucose regulation during pregnancy. We propose a hypothesis that this variation may disrupt zinc transport, consequently impairing insulin production and secretion, thereby contributing to GDM onset. Furthermore, we discussed the involvement of inflammatory pathways, such as TNF-alpha and IL-6, in predisposing individuals to GDM. Genetic modulation of these pathways may exacerbate glucose metabolism dysregulation observed in GDM patients. We also discussed how GDM affects cardiovascular disease (CVD) through a direct correlation between pregnancy and cardiometabolic function, increasing atherosclerosis, decreased vascular function, dyslipidemia, and hypertension in women with GDM history. However, further research is imperative to unravel the intricate interplay between inflammatory pathways, genetics, and GDM. This understanding is pivotal for devising targeted gene therapies and pharmacological interventions to rectify genetic variations in SLC30A8, CDKAL1, TCF7L2, IRS1, GCK, and other pertinent genes. Ultimately, this review offers insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of GDM, providing a foundation for developing strategies to mitigate its impact.

Expression and clinical significance of miR-141-5p as a biomarker in the serum of patients with early spontaneous abortion.

AIM: miR-141-5p expression in patients with Early Spontaneous Abortion (ESA) and its correlation with hormone levels during pregnancy were investigated. METHODS: A total of 70 pregnant women with ESA were selected as the research group, and 70 normal pregnant women who chose abortion for non-medical reasons were selected as the Con group. Serum ß-HCG, Progesterone (P), and Estrogen (E2) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Differentially expressed miRNAs were screened by miRNA microarray analysis. miR-141-5p expression was detected by RT-qPCR, and its correlation with serum ß-HCG, P, and E2 levels was analyzed. The diagnostic value of miR-141-5p for ESA was evaluated by the ROC curve. RESULTS: Serum ß-HCG, P, and E2 were decreased and serum miR-141-5p was increased in patients with ESA. Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum ß-HCG, P, and E2 levels were negatively correlated with miR-141-5p expression levels. ROC curve showed that miR-141-5p had a diagnostic value for ESA. CONCLUSIONS: miR-141-5p is related to hormone levels during pregnancy and is expected to become a new candidate diagnostic marker for ESA.

Expression and clinical significance of miR-141-5p as a biomarker in the serum of patients with early spontaneous abortion

Abstract Aim miR-141-5p expression in patients with Early Spontaneous Abortion (ESA) and its correlation with hormone levels during pregnancy were investigated. Methods A total of 70 pregnant women with ESA were selected as the research group, and 70 normal pregnant women who chose abortion for non-medical reasons were selected as the Con group. Serum β-HCG, Progesterone (P), and Estrogen (E2) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Differentially expressed miRNAs were screened by miRNA microarray analysis. miR-141-5p expression was detected by RT-qPCR, and its correlation with serum β-HCG, P, and E2 levels was analyzed. The diagnostic value of miR-141-5p for ESA was evaluated by the ROC curve. Results Serum β-HCG, P, and E2 were decreased and serum miR-141-5p was increased in patients with ESA. Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum β-HCG, P, and E2 levels were negatively correlated with miR-141-5p expression levels. ROC curve showed that miR-141-5p had a diagnostic value for ESA. Conclusions miR-141-5p is related to hormone levels during pregnancy and is expected to become a new candidate diagnostic marker for ESA.

Moderate-to-severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: A retrospective multivariate logistic regression analysis in Chinese patients.

BACKGROUND: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), a life-threatening complication occurring in stimulated ovarian cycles, arises from treatment with gonadotropin for inducing follicular maturation. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the risk factors between patients with severe OHSS and those without OHSS after in vitro fertilization by intracytoplasmatic sperm injection/embryo transfer (IVF-ICSI/ET). Identifying the associated risk factors may provide guidance for clinicians on how to prevent OHSS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The retrospective study involved patients who had completed IVF-ICSI/ET cycles. The difference in markers for predicting the occurrence of OHSS between groups was compared. The potential protective and risk factors, as well as the predictive markers, were identified. RESULTS: Patients with OHSS were younger (p = 0.015), had higher basal antral follicle counts (AFC) (p < 0.001) and lower total dosages of gonadotropin (Gn) (p = 0.011). On the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration, significantly higher total numbers of follicles (p < 0.001), serum estradiol (E2) (p < 0.001) and progestrone (Pg) (p = 0.001) levels, numbers of oocytes (p < 0.001) and metaphase II (MII) oocytes (p < 0.001) were also observed in the OHSS group when compared to the non-OHSS group. A univariate regression analysis revealed that age (OR = 0.898, 95% CI = 0.822-0.981) and total dosage of Gn (OR = 0.999, 95% CI = 0.999-1.000) were protective factors, whereas AFC (OR = 1.090, 95% CI = 1.051-1.131) and, on the day of hCG injection, the number of follicles (OR = 1.185, 95% CI = 1.027-1.230), serum E2 (OR = 1.000, 95% CI = 1.000-1.000) and Pg (OR = 2.773, 95% CI = 0.510-3.370) levels, the number of oocytes (OR = 1.254, 95% CI = 0.894-1.472) and MII oocytes (OR = 1.238, 95% CI = 0.747-1.217) were risk factors for OHSS. However, a multivariate regression analysis showed that the total number of follicles (OR = 1.124, 95% CI = 1.027-1.230) was the only predictive factor for the occurrence of OHSS. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that the follicle count measured on the day of hCG administration was the only predictive factor for the occurrence of OHSS. This provides basic guidance to clinicians on the prevention of the complication when using assisted reproductive technologies (ART).