RESUMO
BACKGROUND: To promote sexual health in adults with an intellectual disability (ID) in Taiwan, sexual health programmes were provided to adults with ID, their parents and service workers. This study evaluates the impact of these programmes that involved the parents and service workers. METHODS: Intervention and participatory research paradigms were applied to develop, implement and evaluate programmes that address the challenges that relate to the sexual rights of adults with ID. Additionally, the programmes fostered open dialogue among the participants concerning the sexual health of people with ID. In total, 57 parents and 164 service workers were involved in the programmes. A quasi-experimental design and standardised questionnaires (Attitudes to Sexuality Questionnaire - Individuals with an Intellectual Disability), as well as in-depth interviews, were used to collect both quantitative and qualitative data on the programmes' effectiveness and participants' experiences between April 2012 and July 2015. RESULTS: The findings revealed that after the programmes were implemented, attitudes towards the sexual rights of people with ID were significantly more positive among both the parents and service workers. Participation in the sexual health programmes facilitated constructive dialogue by revealing hidden concerns and by transforming the perspectives of the parents and service workers from viewing sexuality as a social problem to understanding the sexual rights of adults with ID. CONCLUSIONS: Both the quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate that the programmes had a positive impact on the parents and service workers in terms of their attitudes towards the sexual rights of people with ID. Open dialogue and reciprocal interaction strategies caused transformations in the perspectives of parents and service workers on sexual health.
Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Direitos Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual , Pais , Pessoas com Deficiência Mental , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Saúde Sexual , Sexualidade , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Pessoal de Saúde , Direitos Humanos/legislação & jurisprudência , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pessoas com Deficiência Mental/legislação & jurisprudência , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Saúde Sexual/legislação & jurisprudência , TaiwanRESUMO
Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) catalyzes the final step in lignin biosynthesis. The genus Eucalyptus belongs to the family Myrtaceae, which is the main cultivated species in China. Eucalyptus urophylla GLU4 (GLU4) is widely grown in Guangxi. It is preferred for pulping because of its excellent cellulose content and fiber length. Based on GLU4 and CAD gene expression, a Eucalyptus variety low in lignin content should be obtained using transgenic technology, which could reduce the cost of pulp and improve the pulping rate, and have favorable prospects for application. However, the role and function of CAD in GLU4 is still unclear. In the present study, EuCAD was cloned from GLU4 and identified using bioinformatic tools. Subsequently, in order to evaluate its impact on lignin synthesis, a full-length EuCAD RNAi vector was constructed, and transgenic tobacco was obtained via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A significant decrease in CAD expression and lignin content in transgenic tobacco demonstrated a key role for EuCAD in lignin biosynthesis and established a regulatory role for RNAi. In our study, the direct molecular basis of EuCAD expression was determined, and the potential regulatory effects of this RNAi vector on lignin biosynthesis in E. urophylla GLU4 were demonstrated. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the study of lignin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus.
Assuntos
Oxirredutases do Álcool/genética , Clonagem Molecular/métodos , Eucalyptus/enzimologia , Nicotiana/genética , Oxirredutases do Álcool/metabolismo , China , Eucalyptus/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Lignina/biossíntese , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Nicotiana/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To establish the murine models of local allergic rhinitis (LAR) and allergic rhinitis (AR) by using ovalbumin (OVA), and to investigate the relationship between them. METHODS: Thirty BALB/c mice were divided into 5 groups, (1) the nasally sensitized group (group A1) that was challenged with OVA by a 10 d procedure, (2) the control group of A1 that was challenged with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), (3) the nasally sensitized group (group A2) that was challenged with OVA by a 25 d procedure, (4)the control group of A2 that was challenged with PBS, (5) the intraperitoneally sensitized group (group B) .The numbers of sneezing after final challenge were counted, and the serum OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (OVA-sIgE), interleukin (IL) -4, IL-13, IL-5 levels in nasal lavage fluid were measured by ELISA. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to evaluate the histological change of nose and lung tissues. Graph Pad Prism 6 software was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Nasally sensitized group A1 displayed LAR symptoms of sneezing and eosinophilic infiltrating, but without increased OVA-sIgE in serum on day 10 compared with the control group of A1(t=0.697, P>0.05), OVA-sIgE in serum of group A2(2.710±1.406)ng/ml reached to statistical significance and with airway remodeling on day 25 compared with the control group of A2((0.221±0.080)ng/ml, t=4.329, P<0.05). IL-5 and IL-13 in nasal fluid showed a significant increase in the nasally sensitized group A1, compared with the group A2(t values were 2.442, 2.804, P values were less then 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A short time intranasal instillation with OVA could establish LAR murine model, continuing OVA challenge could increase serum sIgE level and with airway remodeling. LAR mice show a unique characteristic by expressing higher IL-5 and IL-13 in nose than AR mice, but sIgE in serum remains at a normal level.
Assuntos
Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ovalbumina , Rinite Alérgica/etiologia , Administração Intranasal , Animais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Eosinófilos , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Interleucina-13/análise , Interleucina-4/análise , Interleucina-5/análise , Pulmão/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Nariz/patologia , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Rinite Alérgica/sangue , Espirro , Cloreto de SódioRESUMO
In this demonstration, we propose and demonstrate an adaptive long-reach passive optical network (LR-PON) using four-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) channels. The downstream traffic rates from 6.25 to 40 Gb/s (using fixed quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) level in the four OFDM bands) and from 9.37 to 40.3 Gb/s (using variable QAM levels in the four OFDM bands) can be achieved adaptively in the optical network units (ONUs) depending on different fiber transmission lengths from 0 to 100 km. For the upstream transmission, a 10 Gb/s 16-QAM OFDM signal with pre-emphasis is experimentally performed by using a 2.5 GHz directly modulated laser (DML). Based on the simulation and experimental results, the proposed adaptive four-band OFDM system could be a promising candidate for the future LR-PON.
Assuntos
Lasers , Dispositivos Ópticos , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador/instrumentação , Telecomunicações/instrumentação , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , RetroalimentaçãoRESUMO
The long-term outcome of 1390 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), treated in two successive clinical trials (Taiwan Pediatric Oncology Group (TPOG)-ALL-97 and TPOG-ALL-2002) between 1997 and 2007, is reported. The event-free survival improved significantly (P=0.0004) over this period, 69.3+/-1.9% in 1997-2001 to 77.4+/-1.7% in 2002-2007. A randomized trial in TPOG-97 testing L-asparaginase versus epidoxorubicin in combination with vincristine and prednisolone for remission induction in standard-risk (SR; low-risk) patients yielded similar outcomes. Another randomized trial, in TPOG-2002, showed that for SR patients, two reinduction courses did not improve long-term outcome over one course. Decreasing use of prophylactic cranial irradiation in the period 1997-2008 was not associated with increased rates of CNS relapse, prompting complete omission of prophylactic cranial irradiation from TPOG protocols, beginning in 2009. Decreased use of etoposide and cranial irradiation likely contributed to the low incidence of second cancers. High-risk B-lineage ALL, T-cell, CD10 negativity, t(9;22), infant, and higher leukocyte count were consistently adverse factors, whereas hyperdiploidy >50 was a consistently favorable factor. Higher leukocyte count and t(9;22) retained prognostic significance in both TPOG-97 and TPOG-2002 by multivariate analysis. Although long-term outcome in TPOG clinical trials is comparable with results being reported worldwide, the persistent strength of certain prognostic variables and the lower frequencies of favorable outcome predictors, such as ETV6-RUNX1 and hyperdiploidy >50, in Taiwanese children warrant renewed effort to cure a higher proportion of patients while preserving their quality of life.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/terapia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/terapia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Terapia Combinada , Irradiação Craniana , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem , Lactente , Masculino , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/genética , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Neoplasia Residual , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/genética , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/patologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/patologia , Prognóstico , Indução de Remissão , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida , Taiwan , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A sequencing-based typing of human leukocyte antigen-DPB1 (HLA-DPB1) gene was carried out in 37 unrelated healthy individuals from the Yunnan Lisu ethnic minority. A total of 12 DPB1 alleles, in which DPB1*1301 (33.3%), DPB1*0402 (16.6%), DPB1*040101 (13.8%), and DPB1*0501 (11.1%) were highly predominant, were found, and allele DPB1*200102 was found for the first time in a Chinese population. A dendrogram constructed by neighbor-joining method showed that the Lisu ethnic group belongs to East Asian cluster.
Assuntos
Povo Asiático/genética , Evolução Molecular , Frequência do Gene , Antígenos HLA-DP/genética , Alelos , China/etnologia , Etnicidade/genética , Cadeias beta de HLA-DP , HumanosRESUMO
A nation-wide chemotherapeutic trial for childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) was conducted by the Taiwan Pediatric Oncology Group (TPOG). Four TPOG-NHL92 protocols based on stage and histology were activated in 1992: TPOG-92LD (treatment duration: 8 months) was used for localized (stages I/II) NHL with any histology, 92LB (2 years), 92SNC (5 months), and 92LC (1 year) for advanced (stages III/IV) lymphoblastic (LB), small non-cleaved cell (SNC), and large cell (LC) lymphoma, respectively. From January 1992 through June 1998, 200 children with newly diagnosed NHL from 13 member hospitals of TPOG were enrolled. There were 140 boys and 60 girls. Their ages at diagnosis ranged from 2.4 months to 18.3 years with a median of 8.2 years. There were 54 (27.3%) patients with LB, 94 (47.5%) with SNC including B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), and 50 (25.2%) with LC. Stages I, II, III, and IV (including B-ALL) of the disease comprised 5%, 10%, 43%, and 42% of cases, respectively. There were 176 patients eligible for evaluation of treatment results. The remission rate of induction was 82.4%, induction failed in 22 (12.5%) patients, and nine patients died during induction. As of August 31, 1999, 26 patients relapsed, six died during remission, one patient developed secondary acute myelomonocytic leukemia, and 105 patients remained in continuous remission with a median remission duration of 49 months. The event-free survival (EFS) at 7 years was 63.5%, 61.5% and 65% for LB, SNC, and LC groups (P = 0.8298). The 7-year EFS for stages I/II, III, and IV of the disease was 73%, 68.9%, and 50.3% (P = 0.0212), respectively. We concluded that following the strategy of stratification of therapy, only disease stages had prognostic significance in this study. More efforts are needed to improve our treatment results.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Linfoma não Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Linfoma não Hodgkin/mortalidade , Linfoma não Hodgkin/patologia , Masculino , Estadiamento de NeoplasiasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: It has been reported that zinc sulphate contributes an anti-inflammatory action in many animal models; however, the impact of zinc in colitis remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of zinc sulphate in experimental colitis. METHODS: Colitis was induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNB) in rats. Beginning at the first day of TNB colitis, the rats were treated with a zinc sulphate enema once daily for 6 days. The rats were examined 8 days later. RESULTS: The TNB induced severe colitis as evidenced by increased mucosal lesion area, mucosal myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels. Six days after the application of the zinc sulphate enema, the mucosal lesion area, MPO activity, PGE2 and LTB4 levels all decreased significantly. Mucosal superoxide dismutase activity remained unchanged after zinc treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that zinc sulphate enemas have an anti-inflammatory action on experimental colitis.
Assuntos
Colite/patologia , Sulfato de Zinco/farmacologia , Animais , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Enema , Feminino , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Leucotrieno B4/metabolismo , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori, especially the CagA-positive strains, are closely associated with peptic ulcers and gastric cancers. We performed a large scale gastric cancer screening project and examined the prevalence of H. pylori and CagA-positive strains in Changle, China, an area with one of the World's highest gastric cancer mortality. We also compared the prevalence with that in Hong Kong which has one-tenth of the gastric cancer mortality of that in Changle. METHODS: A total of 2424 subjects in Changle and 523 subjects in Hong Kong had endoscopic examination and venesection. Sera were tested for anti-H. pylori antibody and anti-CagA antibody and correlated with endoscopic findings. RESULTS: In Changle, 80. 9% of the subjects were H. pylori carriers. Out of 551 carriers, 408 (74%) were positive for anti-CagA antibody. A total of 76% and 87% of the asymptomatic and gastric cancer patients were positive for anti-CagA antibody, respectively (P > 0.05). Compared to Hong Kong, there was a significantly (P < 0.0001) higher prevalence of CagA-positive strains in asymptomatic subjects in Changle (76%) than in Hong Kong (28%), but not in peptic ulcers or gastric cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects in Changle had a high prevalence of H. pylori infection and a high prevalence of the CagA-positive strains. The contrast in the prevalence of CagA-positive strains, in asymptomatic subjects in two areas with differing gastric cancer mortality, supports the pathogenic role of CagA-positive strains in gastric carcinogenesis.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Infecções por Helicobacter/epidemiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Proteínas de Bactérias/imunologia , Feminino , Infecções por Helicobacter/sangue , Hong Kong/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Neoplasias Gástricas/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Carriers of Helicobacter pylori are believed to have a three- to six-fold increased risk of developing gastric cancer. We have recently conducted a simultaneous cross-sectional population study on the prevalence of H. pylori infection in a cohort of asymptomatic adult volunteers in two contrasting gastric cancer risk regions of South China, Hong Kong and Changle of Fujian. Their mean annual gastric cancer mortality has been approximately 7.5 and 75/100 000 population, respectively, since the beginning of the last decade. The aim of this study was to evaluate if H. pylori prevalence bears any relationship to gastric cancer mortality rates in these two southern regions of China. METHODS: Sera were obtained from 397 volunteers in Hong Kong. They were tested for anti-H.pylori immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody by using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Volunteers of Changle (1456) had upper endoscopy examination and were also tested for anti-H. pylori IgG antibody by the same ELISA method. RESULTS: The overall H. pylori infection prevalence was significantly higher in Changle (80.4%) than in Hong Kong (58.4%; P< 0.01). The high prevalence is associated with more atrophic gastritis. The overall risk of gastric cancer in people of Changle is approximately five-fold that of Hong Kong (adjusted odds ratio 4.9, 95% CI 2.5-9.8). CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the prevalence of H. pylori infection rates bear a direct relationship to gastric cancer mortality rates in these two southern regions of China. Thus, H. pylori most likely plays a significant aetiopathogenetic role in gastric carcinogenesis in subjects living in Changle.
Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter/epidemiologia , Helicobacter pylori/imunologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Estudos Transversais , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Infecções por Helicobacter/complicações , Infecções por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Hong Kong/epidemiologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Sistema de Registros/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/microbiologia , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
There are suggestions that duodenal ulcer protects individuals from gastric cancer and that rice is ulcerogenic while wheat is gastro-protective. We aimed to examine the relationship of gastric cancer, duodenal and gastric ulcers in different geographical regions in China and identified dietary risk factors for duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer. The prevalence of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer among symptomatic patients in eight major cities, four each from the north and the south representing all the six defined regions of China were studied. Endoscopy and case records over a 10 year period were reviewed and cases of confirmed duodenal and gastric ulcer and gastric cancer, together with the total number of endoscopies performed per year, were recorded. Rates were expressed as cases/1000 endoscopies. Results were compared to another epidemiological study on diet and mortality in the same regions in China conducted at the same time. Duodenal ulcer rates were 2.4-fold higher in southern China than northern China, whereas gastric cancer rates were 1.6-fold higher in the north than in the south. Correlation studies showed for the first time an inverse linear relationship between the gastric cancer rates and the duodenal ulcer rates (r=-0.8076, P=0.015), as well as the duodenal ulcer: gastric ulcer ratios (r=-0.9133, P=0.002). Gastric ulcer rates were higher in southern China but did not correlate with the gastric cancer rates (r=0.1455, P=0.731). Duodenal ulcer rates were found to be related to daily rice intake (r=0.8554, P=0.029) and inversely related to daily wheat flour intake (r=-0.8472, P=0.033). Gastric cancer rates were not related to any dietary risk factors tested. We concluded there was an inverse relationship between gastric cancer rates and duodenal ulcer rates. Although duodenal ulceration and gastric cancer are both linked to Helicobacter pylori infection, the findings of this study indicate independent additional aetiological factors for the pathogenesis of these conditions. Dietary factors such as rice or wheat intake may play a role.
Assuntos
Dieta , Úlcera Duodenal/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologia , Adulto , China/epidemiologia , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Úlcera Duodenal/etiologia , Feminino , Infecções por Helicobacter/epidemiologia , Helicobacter pylori , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oryza , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias Gástricas/etiologia , Úlcera Gástrica/epidemiologia , Úlcera Gástrica/etiologia , TriticumRESUMO
We compared the effects of misoprostol, omeprazole and methylcellulose (control) on gastric mucosal injury induced by nicotine and/or ethanol. The results demonstrate that misoprostol and omeprazole each significantly reduce macroscopic injury and deep injury at a microscopic level (P < 0.05) induced by nicotine alone, ethanol alone or a combination of ethanol and nicotine. Misoprostol and omeprazole each reduced the leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-albumin into the interstitium in the gastric mucosa. Misoprostol and omeprazole are each effective in preventing injury induced by nicotine and ethanol and vascular factors are involved.
Assuntos
Antiulcerosos/farmacologia , Etanol/efeitos adversos , Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Misoprostol/farmacologia , Nicotina/efeitos adversos , Omeprazol/farmacologia , Animais , Fluoresceína-5-Isotiocianato , Corantes Fluorescentes , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
An evidence-based approach is used to evaluate the neonatal screening program for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency. The primary consideration to include G-6-PD deficiency (G-6-PDD) in neonatal screening program was the public health burden of G-6-PDD-associated neonatal jaundice (G-6-PDDANJ) in the target population. However, the prevalence of G-6-PDD per se cannot be the sole index of the public health burden of G-6-PDDANJ. In more developed areas, G-6-PDDANJ is no longer a major public health problem. Further, most cases with G-6-PDDANJ in more developed areas are not precipitated by any identifiable icterogenic agents, and therefore not preventable by avoidance education. In less developed areas, however, G-6-PDDANJ is still a big public health burden and requires intervention. In this study, the effectiveness of neonatal screening programs for G-6-PDD to prevent severe neonatal jaundice(NJ) has been shown based on historical comparison, but the results may be confounded by other temporal factors. G-6-PDDANJ usually occurs in the first week after birth. Prompt need for G-6-PD screening results precludes it from incorporation into other existent neonatal screening programs (i.e., for PKU), and from centralization of laboratory work. The efficacy, adverse effects and cost-effectiveness of this mass screening program need further study.
Assuntos
Deficiência de Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/diagnóstico , Icterícia Neonatal/prevenção & controle , Triagem Neonatal , Análise Custo-Benefício , Deficiência de Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/epidemiologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Icterícia Neonatal/etiologia , Triagem Neonatal/economiaRESUMO
The direct protective action of adenosine and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was examined in an isolated gastric gland preparation in rabbits. Ethanol (8%, v/v) incubation markedly increased the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and number of non-viable glands in the preparation. Both effects were prevented by PGE2 preincubation in a concentration (10(-6), 1.4 x 10(-5) or 2.8 x 10(-5) M)-dependent manner. The protective action was smaller in adenosine-treated groups, and yet the highest concentration (10(-4) M) of the compound also significantly inhibited the cytotoxic effects of ethanol. These findings indicate that both adenosine and PGE2 possess cytoprotective action on gastric glands in rabbits, but the former compound exerts its action beyond physiological concentrations. It is concluded that endogenous PGE2, but not adenosine may act as an ulcer modulator in the stomach.
Assuntos
Adenosina/farmacologia , Antiulcerosos/farmacologia , Dinoprostona/farmacologia , Úlcera Gástrica/prevenção & controle , Animais , Etanol , Mucosa Gástrica/enzimologia , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Masculino , Coelhos , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/patologiaRESUMO
Amoxycillin in combination with anti-ulcer agents has been shown to prolong duodenal ulcer remission. While this effect can be related to the eradication of Helicobacter pylori, it is not known if amoxycillin might possess cytoprotective properties. Protection against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage by intragastric instillation of amoxycillin suspension (prepared from capsule form) and solution (from injection form, 100% pure amoxycillin), and by intraperitoneal injection of amoxycillin solution was studied using an ex vivo gastric chamber in the rat. Intragastric and intraperitoneal administration of amoxycillin dose-dependently protected the rat gastric mucosa from damage by absolute ethanol. This protection was lost when the rats were pretreated with indomethacin. Gastric mucosal blood flow as measured by laser Doppler flowmetry and gastric acid output were unaffected by amoxycillin. Amoxycillin imparts gastric cytoprotection, and one possible mechanism is by the release of prostaglandins.
Assuntos
Amoxicilina/administração & dosagem , Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Etanol/efeitos adversos , Ácido Gástrico/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/irrigação sanguínea , Indometacina/farmacologia , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Masculino , Pré-Medicação , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
A female newborn was delivered prematurely at gestational age of 26 weeks with birth weight of 1,000 grams. Her initial white blood cell count was 68,900/mm3, which increased to 207,000/mm3 on the fifth day of life with a remarkable shift-to-left pattern. The most immature myeloid series in the peripheral blood smear was promyelocyte; and the promyelocyte, myelocyte and meta-myelocyte accounted for 38% of the peripheral white blood cells. Neither hepatosplenomegaly nor skin rash was noted, but the platelet count dropped to 86,000/mm3 transiently on Day 8. Cytogenetic study for the bone marrow aspiration revealed normal results. The leukemoid reaction recovered within three weeks without specific treatment. Antenatal usage of steroid to promote lung maturation was considered to be one possible cause of the transient leukemoid reaction.
Assuntos
Dexametasona/efeitos adversos , Reação Leucemoide/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Contagem de LeucócitosRESUMO
One of the ulcerogenic mechanisms by which ethanol induces mucosal lesions in the stomach is the depression of gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF). The goal of this study was to determine whether lesion formation is the result of vascular ischemia alone or ischemia combined with congestion. The aims of this study were to answer this question by evaluating the relationship between GMBF, oxygen saturation (ISO2) and hemoglobin volume (IHb) in the gastric mucosa under the influences of ethanol and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the ischemic and congestive states, using a laser Doppler flowmeter and tissue spectrum analyzer. Ligation of the gastric celiac artery or vein markedly decreased the GMBF and the ISO2 level. The former procedure also reduced but the latter increased the IHb level. Ethanol administration produced effects similar to venous ligation, i.e. vascular stasis with ischemia. There was a negative correlation between GMBF and severity of lesion formation after ethanol administration. However, at the lesion site all the hemodynamic parameters were significantly reduced, indicating that a necrotic condition had occurred. PGE2 preincubation (25 micrograms) elevated GMBF, ISO2 and IHb levels. It also alleviated the reduction of blood flow induced by ethanol and increased the recovery rate of GMBF and ISO2 after the release of arterial or venous ligation. It is concluded that the decrease in blood flow due to ethanol is probably caused by constriction of venules rather than arterioles inside the mucosa, and this effect could lead to vascular congestion. PGE2 probably dilates both arterioles and venules in the gastric mucosa and thereby increases the blood flow in the gastric mucosa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Dinoprostona/farmacologia , Etanol/farmacologia , Mucosa Gástrica/irrigação sanguínea , Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Isquemia/fisiopatologia , Animais , Mucosa Gástrica/fisiologia , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemoglobinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Fluxometria por Laser-Doppler , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Consumo de Oxigênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , EspectrofotometriaRESUMO
We encountered five children with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTL) at National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) from 1985-1989. The patients were four boys and one girl, aged between 5 and 13 years. The duration of prediagnostic symptoms varied from 1 month to 5 years. All had pyrexia and lymphadenopathy; one had a prolonged history of granulomatosis with repeated infection. Four had hepatosplenomegaly. One patient presented with diffuse pulmonary infiltration and impending respiratory failure. All patients were negative for human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-I antibody, and positive for HBsAg. Four patients who had EBV-viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgG and who were IgM tested were positive for EBV-VCA IgG, but only two had evidence of active EBV infection. Tumor cell markers were examined and showed the following phenotypes: all patients were CD2, CD3, and CD7 positive but CD19 and CD20 negative; three patients were CD4 positive and CD8 negative; the other two patients were CD4 negative and CD8 positive. Four patients died 2-7 months after diagnosis. The remaining patient received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and has survived free of disease for more than 22 months after transplant. Our five cases reconfirm the high frequency of diagnostic delay, the heterogenous immunophenotypes, high mortality, and poor responsiveness to conventional therapy for PTL. Bone marrow transplantation in the early stage might be a possible cure of this disease.
Assuntos
Linfoma de Células T Periférico/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem , Linfoma de Células T Periférico/imunologia , Linfoma de Células T Periférico/microbiologia , Masculino , TaiwanRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The mechanism by which epidermal growth factor (EGF) protects the gastric mucosa against injury is unclear. Whether EGF has any effect on gastric blood flow has not been reported. METHODS: Using an ex vivo gastric chamber preparation, the effect of EGF on gastric blood flow in rats was studied by laser Doppler flowmetry. Measurements of blood flow and mucosal damage were made in both intact and sialoadenectomized rats with graded doses of EGF at basal condition and after topical application of absolute ethanol. RESULTS: Sialoadenectomy alone increased ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions (P < 0.05) but had no significant effect on blood flow. EGF pretreatment resulted in both a reduction in ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury as well as a significant increase in blood flow compared with controls (both P < 0.05). Graded doses of EGF (3.12-25 micrograms) resulted in an dose-dependent increase in gastric blood flow (r = 0.68; P < 0.001), which correlated inversely with the degree of mucosal damage (r = -0.72; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Mucosal protection by EGF is accompanied by an increase in gastric blood flow; this action may contribute to its mucosal protective effect.
Assuntos
Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico/farmacologia , Mucosa Gástrica/irrigação sanguínea , Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo/efeitos dos fármacos , Etanol/toxicidade , Ácido Gástrico/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/efeitos dos fármacos , Glândula Submandibular/cirurgiaRESUMO
Fifty-nine verified cases of acquired aplastic anemia (AA), diagnosed at the Pediatric Department of the National Taiwan University Hospital from 1977 to 1987, were reviewed and analyzed. The demographic features showed a high relative incidence (acute myelogenous leukemia/AA ratio, 2.2/1), a high percentage of non-severe AA (39%) and a high association with hepatitis (20.8%). No evidence of hepatitis A, B or C virus infection was found in five cases of hepatitis-associated AA. No sex preponderance was noted in this pediatric series. The 10-year projected survival rate of the total series approached 55%. The crude two-year-survival and two-year-transfusion-free-survival rates were 59% and 44%, respectively, in the conservative therapy group treated with androgens and steroids; 36% and 32%, respectively, in patients with severe AA in the conservative therapy group; and 73% and 64%, respectively, in the aggressive therapy group treated with cyclosporin, anti-lymphocyte globulin or bone marrow transplant. The major causes of death were hemorrhage (44%) and infection (56%) in the conservative therapy group; but in the aggressive therapy group, two out of three deaths were related to therapeutic complications. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors revealed that severity and treatment modality were independent risk factors. Only two out of 31 patients who survived more than two years (long-term survivors) experienced late mortalities. At two, five, seven and 10 years after diagnosis, 61%, 55%, 41% and 40% of the long-term survivors had inadequate hematopoietic recovery.