The joint effect of long-term exposure to multiple air pollutants on non-accidental and cause-specific mortality: A longitudinal cohort study.

The long-term joint impacts of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) on mortality are inconclusive. To bridge this research gap, we included 283,568 adults from the Taiwan MJ cohort between 2005 and 2016 and linked with the mortality data until 31 May 2019. Participants' annual average exposures to PM2.5, NO2, and O3 were estimated using satellite-based spatial-temporal models. We applied elastic net-regularised Cox models to construct a weighted environmental risk score (WERS) for the joint effects of three pollutants on non-accidental, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality and evaluated the contribution of each pollutant. The three pollutants jointly raised non-accidental mortality risk with a WERS hazard ratio (HR) of 1.186 (95% CI: 1.118-1.259) per standard deviation increase in each pollutant and weights of 72.8%, 15.2%, and 12.0% for PM2.5, NO2, and O3, respectively. The WERS increased cardiovascular death risk [HR: 1.248 (1.042-1.496)], with PM2.5 as the first contributor and O3 as the second. The WERS also elevated the cancer death risk [HR: 1.173 (1.083-1.270)], where PM2.5 played the dominant role and NO2 ranked second. Coordinated control of these three pollutants can optimise the health benefits of air quality improvements.

Environmental pollution to kidney disease: an updated review of current knowledge and future directions.

Environmental pollution significantly impacts global disease burden. However, the contribution of environmental pollution to kidney disease is often overlooked in nephrology. This review examines the growing body of research demonstrating the significant impacts of environmental pollutants, with a focus on air pollution as a primary factor, and acknowledges the roles of other pollutants, such as heavy metals, in the development and progression of kidney diseases. Short-term exposure to air pollution is linked with an increased risk of kidney disease-related events, including hospital admissions, and death, predominantly occurring in vulnerable populations. In contrast, long-term exposure, even at low to moderate levels, may lead to progressive pathophysiological changes, such as chronic systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, that contribute to the development of kidney disease. Additionally, air pollution may exacerbate traditional kidney disease risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes, thereby accelerating disease progression. The review also explores how climate change may interact with various pollutants, including air pollution, influencing kidney disease indirectly. The examined evidence underscores the urgent need for an interdisciplinary approach to research further into environmental kidney disease. Environmental health policies could play a crucial role in prevention, intervention, and the improvement of kidney health worldwide.

Internet addiction and health-related quality of life in adolescents: The mediating role of sleep disturbance.

BACKGROUND: Internet addiction (IA) has emerged as a recognized risk factor associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescents. However, the role of sleep disturbance in this association remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association of IA with HRQOL in Chinese adolescents and to evaluate the potential mediating role of sleep disturbance. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents attending six randomly selected middle schools in Guangzhou, China. Adolescents self-reported their internet use using the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire. HRQOL and sleep disturbance were assessed by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0 and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to assess the association between IA and HRQOL. Baron and Kenny's causal steps method was used to examine the possible mediating role of sleep disturbance. RESULTS: Of the 6473 adolescents included, 23.5% had maladaptive internet use (MIU) and 16.6% had pathological internet use (PIU). Compared to adolescents with adaptive internet use (AIU), those with IA had significantly lower scores across all HRQOL dimensions and summary scales. Mediation analysis revealed that sleep disturbance was a significant mediator. Specifically, sleep disturbance mediated 34.55% of the effects of MIU and 34.06% of the effects of PIU on the HRQOL total scale score , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: IA was associated with poorer HRQOL, indicating the needs of preventing IA in Chinese adolescents. Additionally, our findings underscored the importance of enhancing sleep quality to mitigate the adverse impact of IA on adolescents' well-being.

Association between healthy lifestyle factors and health-related quality of life among Chinese adolescents: the moderating role of gender.

BACKGROUND: To examine the associations of the independent and combined healthy lifestyle factors with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescents, and to test the moderating role of gender. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 5125 adolescents aged between 11 and 20 years. They provided self-reported data on six healthy lifestyle factors, including never smoking, never drinking, good sleep quality, sufficient sleep duration, appropriate Internet use, and adequate physical activity. Adolescents' HRQOL was evaluated using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0. Linear regression models were conducted to explore the association of individual and combined healthy lifestyle factors with adolescents' HRQOL. We further performed stratified analyses and likelihood ratio test to explore the moderating role of gender in these associations. RESULTS: Of the included adolescents, the proportions with 0-2, 3, 4, and 5-6 healthy lifestyle factors were 13.6%, 26.4%, 44.3%, and 15.7%, respectively. Compared to adolescents with composite healthy lifestyle scores of 0-2, those with scores of 3, 4, or 5-6 had significantly higher HRQOL scores across all dimensions, summary scales, and total scale in both unadjusted and adjusted models. Specifically, adolescents with 5-6 healthy lifestyle factors had a total scale score that was 19.03 (95%CI: 17.76 to 20.30) points higher than their counterparts who only had 0-2 healthy lifestyle factors. Significant dose-response patterns were also observed in aforementioned associations. Gender was a significant moderator in the associations between composite healthy lifestyle groups and HRQOL scores, except for the social functioning dimension. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirmed that combined healthy lifestyle factors were associated with improved HRQOL among adolescents, with a stronger association observed in girls. These findings underscore the necessity for education and healthcare authorities to design health-promoting strategies that encourage multiple healthy lifestyle factors in adolescents, with the objective of enhancing their overall health outcomes.

Maternal adverse childhood experiences and behavioral problems in preschool offspring: the mediation role of parenting styles.

BACKGROUND: Maternal history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) has been found to be associated with children's health outcomes. However, the underlying mechanisms were unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between maternal ACEs and behavioral problems in their preschool offspring and to explore the potential mediating role of maternal parenting styles in the association. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 4243 mother-child dyads in Chengdu, China. Mothers completed the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) to assess their history of ACEs (i.e., physical abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglect, witnessing domestic violence, household substance abuse, household mental illness, incarcerated household member, parental separation or divorce, parental death, bullying, and community violence), the short Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran Parent Form (S-EMBU-P) to evaluate their parenting styles (i.e., emotional warmth, rejection, and overprotection), and the 48-item Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-48) to measure behavioral problems in their children. Logistic regression models were established to examine the association between cumulative number of maternal ACEs and children's behavioral problems. The mediating role of parenting styles in this association was explored by generalized structural equation models (GSEM). RESULTS: Of the participating mothers, 85.8% (n = 3641) reported having experienced at least one type of ACE. Children of mothers with ≥2 ACEs showed a significantly increased risk of behavioral problems across all dimensions, including conduct problems, learning problems, psychosomatic problems, impulsive-hyperactive, anxiety, and hyperactivity index, in both crude and adjusted models (all p-values < 0.05). Dose-response patterns were also observed between the cumulative number of maternal ACEs and children's behavioral problems. In addition, maternal parenting styles of rejection emerged as a significant mediator, accounting for approximately 8.4-15.0% of the associations. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated an intergenerational association of maternal ACEs with behavioral problems in preschool offspring, which was mediated by maternal parenting styles of rejection. Early screening and targeted intervention strategies are critical to mitigate the downstream consequences of maternal ACEs on young children's outcomes. Providing support and resources to improve parenting skills may prove beneficial.

Adverse childhood experiences, problematic internet use, and health-related quality of life in Chinese adolescents.

Background: The influence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on an individual's health is substantial. However, the associations between ACEs, problematic internet use (PIU), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescents remain underexplored.Objective: To assess the association between ACEs and HRQOL in Chinese adolescents and to evaluate the mediating role of PIU in this association.Method: A sample of 6,639 adolescents (3,457 boys and 3,182 girls) aged between 11-20 years (mean [SD] age: 14.5 [1.6] years) were recruited from 6 junior and senior middle schools using a proportional sampling approach in a cross-sectional study. Data on ACE exposure was collected through the short form of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the ACE-International Questionnaire, and two additional questions. HRQOL was assessed by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0. The associations between ACEs and HRQOL were estimated using linear regression models. Mediation analysis was further conducted to explore the possible mediating role of PIU in the association between ACEs and HRQOL.Results: Our study collected 13 different ACEs. We found that adolescents exposed to any ACE had significantly lower scores in all HRQOL dimensions, psychosocial health summary scale, and total scale, than those without such exposure. Specifically, adolescents with ≥ 3 ACE exposure had a total scale score that was 14.70 (95%CI: 15.53 to 13.87) points lower than their non-exposed counterparts. Mediation analysis identified PIU as a significant mediator, with the proportion of the total effect attributable to PIU ranging from 14.38% for social functioning to 17.44% for physical functioning.Conclusions: Exposure to ACEs was associated with poorer HRQOL in Chinese adolescents, underscoring the importance to prevent ACEs and their negative impacts on adolescent well-being. These findings also highlighted the need of promoting appropriate internet use among adolescents exposed to ACEs, in order to avert potential impairment in their HRQOL.HIGHLIGHTSAdolescents with adverse childhood experiences have poorer health-related quality of life.The association between adverse childhood experiences and health-related quality of life shows a dose-response pattern.Problematic internet use partially mediates the associations between adverse childhood experiences and health-related quality of life in adolescents.

Vitamin D status among residents of Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Inner Mongolia, North China.

OBJECTIVES: To retrospectively analyze the vitamin D (VD) status of residents in northeastern Inner Mongolia and its relationship with the average monthly sunshine hours. METHODS: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D[s-25(OH)D] samples from 4982 outpatients (2092 males) in Moli Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner People's Hospital, Hulunbuir, China from July 2018 to January 2022 were included in this study. RESULTS: The overall median s-25(OH)D was 53.3 nmol/L, VD deficiency (<30 nmol/L), deficiency (30-50 nmol/L), sufficient (>50-250 nmol/L) and excess (>250 nmol/L) were 16% (796/4982), 30% (1495/4982), 53.4% (2658/4982) and 0.7% (33/4982). There were statistically significant differences in median s-25(OH)D by month, age-groups and gender (p<0.001). Low VD status (LVDS, including VD deficiency and insufficiency) in females was 54.6% and males was 33.9%, and the LVDS composition differed significantly by age-group and month (p<0.05). The changing trend of the median s-25(OH)D level was similar to the monthly average sunshine hours, with a slight lag. CONCLUSION: Nearly half of residents live in LVDS. LVDS is affected by month, gender, and age.

Maternal adverse childhood experiences and health-related quality of life in preschool children: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The intergenerational association between maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and their children's health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is underexplored. This study aimed to examine such association in Chinese preschool children and to test the moderation role of children's sex. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 4243 mother-child dyads who attended randomly selected preschools. Mothers self-reported their experience of 12 forms of ACEs, including emotional abuse, physical abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, intimate partner violence, substance abuse in the household, incarcerated household member, mental illness in household, parental death, parental separation or divorce, bullying, and community violence. Children's HRQOL was evaluated through mother report of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0. Linear regression models were established to estimate the associations between maternal ACEs and their children's HRQOL sub-scores and total scores. Stratified analysis and test for interaction were further conducted to evaluate whether the associations were moderated by children's sex. RESULTS: Of the included mothers, 85.8% (n = 3641) had reported exposure to at least one ACE, and 22.3% (n = 948) were exposed to three or more ACEs. Compared to children of mothers without any ACE exposure, those of mothers with 1, 2, or ≥ 3 ACEs all had significantly lower scores of physical, social, and school functioning, as well as lower psychosocial health summary score and total scale score in both crude and adjusted models. However, only children of mothers with two or more ACEs had significantly poorer emotional functioning when compared to their counterparts whose mothers had no ACE exposure. A significant dose-response pattern was also observed between the number of maternal ACEs and children's HRQOL sub-scores and total scores. Stratified analysis revealed sex-specific pattern between maternal ACEs and their children's HRQOL. Nonetheless, children's sex was not a significant moderator. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that preschool children of mothers who had any experience of ACEs were at risk of poorer HRQOL. Our findings indicated that screening maternal ACEs in young children and promoting targeted interventions might be a feasible way to mitigate or stop the potential negative intergenerational health and wellbeing implications of ACEs.

Prognostic factors of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning.

Delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP) is a disease with an incomplete pathological mechanism, long treatment time, and uncertain factors affecting the therapeutic effect. This study explored prognostic factors for DEACMP patients treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in 15 hospitals in China. The findings might provide a theoretical basis for further improving the prognosis of DEACMP patients. In this study, data from 330 patients with DEACMP who were admitted to HBOT centers of 15 hospitals in Hunan Province (China) from June 2015 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and their medical records related to disease prognosis were collected and followed up by telephone. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for the prognosis of DEACMP patients after HBOT. Univariate analysis revealed 11 possible prognostic factors. Consistent with univariate analysis, multivariate analysis found that underlying diseases (Odds radio(OR) = 2.886, P = 0.048), hypermyotonia (OR = 5.2558, P = 0.008), and HBOT pressure no less Than 2.3 atm absolute (ATA) ((OR = 7.812, P = 0.004) were identified as independent prognostic factors among 20 variables for poor prognosis of DEACMP patients treated with HBOT in the study. This multicenter retrospective analysis revealed that the adverse prognostic markers for DEACMP patients treated with HBOT might be underlying diseases, hypermyotonia, and an HBOT pressure of 2.3 ATA or higher.

Comorbid depression and obesity, and its transition on the risk of functional disability among middle-aged and older Chinese: a cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Evidence has indicated that depression and obesity were associated with functional disability, independently. However, little is known about the detrimental impact of comorbid depression and obesity, as well as its transition on functional disability. This study investigated the association of baseline depression-obesity status and its dynamic change with incident functional disability among middle-aged and older Chinese. METHODS: This cohort study included 5507 participants aged ≥45 years from the 2011 and 2015 waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Depression was defined with a score ≥ 10 using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥28 kg/m2. Participants were cross-classified by depression and obesity status at baseline, and its change during follow-up. Logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the association of baseline depression-obesity status and its transition with incident functional disability defined by the Katz index of activities of daily living scale. RESULTS: Over four-year follow-up, 510 (9.3%) participants developed functional disability. Individuals with baseline comorbid depression and obesity had the highest risk of functional disability (OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.95-4.15) than non-depressive participants without obesity, or those with depression or obesity alone. When investigating the dynamic changes of depression-obesity status on functional disability incidence, those with stable comorbidity throughout two surveys had the greatest risk of functional disability (OR = 4.06, 95% CI: 2.11-7.80). Progression of depression-obesity status was associated with increased risk of functional disability, while regression from baseline to follow-up was linked to attenuated risk estimates. CONCLUSIONS: Among middle-aged and older Chinese adults, the risk of functional disability was exaggerated with comorbid depression and obesity. Our data further suggest that transitions of depression and obesity over time are associated with the risk of developing functional disability.

The association between hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype and chronic kidney disease: a cohort study and meta-analysis.

Evidence on the association between hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype (HTGW) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is limited and inconsistent. We aimed to explore such association among 7406 Chinese aged ≥ 45 years in a cohort setting, followed by a meta-analysis. Participants were categorized into four phenotypes: NTNW (normal triglycerides and normal waist circumference), NTGW (isolated enlarged waist circumference), HTNW (isolated high triglycerides), and HTGW (high triglycerides and enlarged waist circumference). We used multivariate logistic regression to determine the association between different phenotypes and risk of CKD in the cohort study. For meta-analysis, we searched relevant studies from Embase, Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science from dataset inception up to May 1, 2021. A random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled effect and I2 statistic was applied to evaluate heterogeneity. In the cohort study, compared to the NTNW phenotype, HTGW (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.32 to 2.51, p < 0.01) and NTGW (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.94, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with CKD risk after 4 years follow-up, but not for the HTNW phenotype. The meta-analysis also showed a positive association between HTGW phenotype and CKD risk (pooled OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.79, I2 = 62.4%). Assessment of triglyceridemic-waist phenotypes might help to identify individuals with high-risk of developing CKD.

Association between Hypertriglyceridemic-Waist Phenotype and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Population: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Current evidence remains inconsistent with regard to the association between different triglyceridemic-waist phenotypes and the risks for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to investigate this association among a retrospective cohort analysis of 6918 participants aged ≥ 45 years in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Participants were categorized into four triglyceridemic-waist phenotypes consisting of NWNT (normal waist circumference and normal triglycerides), NWHT (normal waist circumference and high triglycerides), EWNT (enlarged waist circumference and normal triglycerides), and EWHT (enlarged waist circumference and high triglycerides) based on participants' baseline information. Multivariate log-binomial regression was used to assess the T2DM risk in different phenotypes. Subgroup analysis was conducted to test the robustness of the findings. After 4-years of follow-up, participants with EWHT (Relative Risk [RR]: 1.909, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.499 to 2.447) or EWNT (RR: 1.580, 95%CI: 1.265 to 1.972) phenotypes had significantly higher likelihood of incident T2DM compared to the NWNT phenotype, whereas the association was not significant for the NWHT phenotype (RR: 1.063, 95%CI: 0.793 to 1.425). The subgroup analyses generally revealed similar associations across all subgroups. Among middle-aged and older adults, we suggested a combined use of waist circumference and triglycerides measures in identifying participants who are at high risk of developing T2DM.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between paediatric obesity and telomere length.

AIM: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between paediatric obesity and telomere length. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive literature search for original studies assessing the associations between obesity and telomere length in children. Fixed or random effects with inverse-variance meta-analysis were used to estimate the standardised mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) between overweight or obese and normal-weight children. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, and meta-regression analyses were used to evaluate the potential source of heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was further conducted by sex. RESULTS: A total of 11 studies were included. The meta-analysis showed that children who were overweight or obese had shorter telomere length than normal-weight children (SMD: -0.85; 95% CI: -1.42 to -0.28; p < 0.01). However, significant heterogeneity was present (I2  = 97%; p < 0.01). Study design, methods used for measuring telomere length, tissue types, mean age, and percentage of boys were not the source of heterogeneity revealed by meta-regression analysis. The inverse trend was significant only in boys, but not in girls. CONCLUSION: There was a negative association between paediatric obesity and telomere length. Weight control in children might have beneficial effect on telomere length.

Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Adjuvant Treatment of a Critically Ill COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) has become a global public health emergency since patients were first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Currently, there are no satisfying antiviral medications and vaccines available. CASE PRESENTATION: We reported the treatment process and clinical outcome of a 48-year-old man critically ill COVID-19 patient who received transfusion of allogenic human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs). CONCLUSIONS: We proposed that UC-MSC transfusion might be a new option for critically ill COVID-19. Although only one case we were shown, more similar clinical cases are inquired for further evidence providing the potential effectiveness of UC-MSC treatment.

Constrained MLAMBDA Method for Multi-GNSS Structural Health Monitoring.

Deformation monitoring of engineering structures using the advanced Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has attracted research interest due to its high-precision, constant availability and global coverage. However, GNSS application requires precise coordinates of points of interest through quick and reliable resolution of integer ambiguities in carrier phase measurements. Conventional integer ambiguity resolution algorithms have been extensively researched indeed in the past few decades, although the application of GNSS to structural health monitoring is still limited. In particular, known a priori information related to the structure of a body of interest is not normally considered. This study proposes a composite strategy that incorporates modified least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment (MLAMBDA) method with priori information of the structural deformation. Data from the observation sites of Baishazhou Bridge are used to test method performance. Compared to MLAMBDA methods that do not consider priori information, the ambiguity success rate (ASR) improves by 20% for global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) and 10% for Multi-GNSS, while running time is reduced by 60 s for a single system and 180 s for Multi-GNSS system. Experimental results of Teaching Experiment Building indicate that our constrained MLAMBDA method improves positioning accuracy and meets the requirements of structural health monitoring, suggesting that the proposed strategy presents an improved integer ambiguity resolution algorithm.

Whole-exome sequencing analysis of Waardenburg syndrome in a Chinese family.

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a dominantly inherited, genetically heterogeneous auditory-pigmentary syndrome characterized by non-progressive sensorineural hearing loss and iris discoloration. By whole-exome sequencing (WES), we identified a nonsense mutation (c.598C>T) in PAX3 gene, predicted to be disease causing by in silico analysis. This is the first report of genetically diagnosed case of WS PAX3 c.598C>T nonsense mutation in Chinese ethnic origin by WES and in silico functional prediction methods.

Peach gum polysaccharides improve the spermatogenesis of KKAy mice with impaired reproduction system.

PROBLEM: Peach gum polysaccharides (PGPs) exhibit antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Nevertheless, the effect of PGPs on the spermatogenesis of KKAy mice with impaired reproduction system remains undetermined. METHOD OF STUDY: PGPs were extracted with hot water. KKAy mice were randomly divided into two groups, namely, control and PGPs (treated with 100 mg/kg PGPs). RESULTS: Oral administration of PGPs decreased the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, and nitrate nitrogen level in the testes of KKAy mice. Moreover, treatment with PGPs increased the sperm density, sperm movement, rate of normal sperm morphology, protein expression level, and superoxide dismutase activity. CONCLUSION: PGPs can effectively protect the spermatogenesis of KKAy mice with impaired reproduction system.

[Expressions of p53 and p21 in nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma and their relationship with the proliferation and apoptosis of cells].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the significance of expressions of p53 and p21 in nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL) and their relationship with cell proliferation and apoptosis. METHOD: Sixty-two cases of NKTL were examined for p53, p21 and Ki67 proteins by means of tissue microarray technique, TUNEL and immunohistochemistry. The proliferation index (PI) was determined by expression of Ki67 proteins. RESULT: The positive expression rates of p53 and p21 proteins in NKTL were 79.03% and 58.06% respectively. The positive expression rates of p53 in Ann Arbor stage I, II, III and IV NKTL were 69.57%, 75%, 86.67% and 100% respectively, while those of p21 were 47.83%, 56.25%, 60% and 87.50%. With the progression of tumor, the positive expression rates of p53 and p21 proteins gradually increased. And there were significant differences between them (P<0.05). The positive expression rates of p53 in NKTL with large, medium and small size tumor cells were 92.86%, 78.95% and 53.33% respectively, while those of p21 were 67.86%, 57.89% and 40.00%. With the expanding of tumor cells, the positive expression rates of p53 and p21 proteins gradually increased. And there were significant differences between them (P<0.05). The expression of p53 was positively correlated with the expression of p21 (P<0.05). The intensity of p53 and p21 expression, the Ann Arbor stage and the size of tumor cell all were positively correlated with PI (Spearman correlation analysis, P<0.05), while no correlation with AI (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The expressions of p53, p21 and Ki67 proteins are closely related with the pathogenesis and progression of NKTL. Combined detection of p53, p21 and Ki67 is a good marker to judge the biological behavior of NKTL, such as the proliferation and the invasiveness of the tumor.

[Expression of CCR3 and CD34 in lung tissues and bone marrow of Guinea pig asthmatic models].

AIM: To explore the mechanism of asthma, by evaluating the changes of CCR3 and EOS expression in the lung tissues and bone marrow of Guinea pig asthmatic models at different times. METHODS: Guinea pigs (GPs) were sensitized and challenged by OVA to establish the asthmatic model (A, B, C, D, E) . The GPs in control (N) were sensitized and exposed to sterile saline. The sensitized GPs in the models were killed at 30 min, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after challenged by OVA; while the GPs in control were killed at 12 h after saline challenge. The slides were prepared from peripheral blood and bone marrow and then stained with Wright's staining .The total number and percentage of EOS were counted and the expression of CCR3 and CD34 in bone marrow was detected by immunohistochemistry. The pathologic samples of lung tissues were stained with HE. The expression of CCR3 and CD34 of lung tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: (1)The expression of CCR3, CD34 and EOS in the bone marrow and peripheral tissue with allergic asthma was significantly higher than that in the controls. (2)After challenged by OVA , the expression of CCR3, CD34 and EOS was as fallows: it was at normal level in 30 min except the rise of CD34 rise in lung tissues, it rose and reached the peak from 6 h to 12 h, except the descent of CD34 in lungs; then it decreased in 24 h and reached normal level after 48 h. (3)The changes of bone marrow were earlier than peripheral tissue; The expression of CCR3 was earlier than the expression of CD34 and the recruitment of EOS.CCR3 and CD34 had linearity correlation with EOS except in lung tissues. CONCLUSION: There is a passage between bone marrow and lung tissue, through which CD34(+) stem cells and EOS passes The expression of CCR3 makes the quick recruitment of CD34(+) cells and EOS from bone marrow to lung tissue possible.

[Cryobiological characteristics of placental cord blood preserved in bioarchive auto-preserved liquid nitrogen system].

The aim of this study was to investigate the cryobiological characteristics of placental cord blood (PCB) cryopereserved by using BioArchive auto-preserved liquid nitrogen system (BioArchive system). After Hespan depletion of red blood cells, 5 ml mixture of DMSO and 10% Dextran 40 were added into 20 ml of enriched leukocyte. 53 PCB units were cryopreserved as following protocol: pre-freeze rate 10 degrees C/min, start freeze temperature -3 degrees C, end freeze temperature -10 degrees C to -15 degrees C, post freeze rate 2 degrees C/min, and end temperature -50 degrees C. After rapid thawing at 38 degrees C, the PCB were washed with 5% human serum albumin -10% Dextran 40 and centrifuged at 400 x g, 10 degrees C for 20 minutes. The results showed that the viability of nucleated cells post-thaw was (73.3 +/- 12.5)%, the CD34(+) cell content was (0.3 +/- 0.21)% for pre-freeze PCB and (0.45 +/- 0.36)% for post-t haw PCB. No significant difference for CFU-GM/-G/-GEMM counts was found between pre-freeze and post-thaw PCB. Thawed PCB contained in two compartments (20 ml and 5 ml) of a freezing bag showed similar viability and clonogenic capacity. Differential count of white blood cell was significantly changed. For post-thaw PCB, it was dramatically decreased for the percentage of granulocytes, and highly increased for the percentage of lymphocytes and monocytes. It was concluded that the condition for cryopreservation and thawing of PCB may be harmful to mature cells, and cells with large size, such as granulocyte, but suitable to lymphocyte and monocyte, especially for the cells with small size, such as CD34(+) cells.