Addressing adsorption and catalysis of lithium polysulfide via electronic distribution of molybdenum carbide host.

Heterostructure engineering is considered a crucial strategy to modulate the intrinsic charge transfer behavior of materials, enhance catalytic activity, and optimize sulfur electrochemical processes. However, parsing the role of heterogeneous interface-structure-property relationships in heterostructures is still a key scientific issue to realize the efficient catalytic conversion of polysulfides. Based on this, molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) was successfully partial reduced to molybdenum metal (Mo) via a thermal reduction at high-temperature and the typical Mo-Mo2C-based Mott-Schottky heterostructures were simultaneously constructed, which realized the modulation of the electronic structure of Mo2C and optimized the conversion process of lithium polysulfides (LPS). Compared with single molybdenum carbide, the modulated molybdenum carbide acts as an electron donor with stronger Mo-S bonding strength as well as higher polysulfide adsorption energy, faster Li2S conversion kinetics, and greatly facilitates the adsorption → catalysis process of LPS. As a result, yolk-shell Mo-Mo2C heterostructure (C@Mo-Mo2C) exhibits excellent cycling performance as a sulfur host, with a discharge specific capacity of 488.41 mAh g-1 for C@Mo-Mo2C/S at 4 C and present an excellent high-rate cyclic performance accompanied by capacity decay rate of 0.08 % per cycle after 400 cycles at 2 C. Heterostructure-acting Mo2C electron distribution modulation engineering may contributes to the understanding of the structure-interface-property interaction law in heterostructures and further enables the efficient modulation of the chemical behavior of sulfur.

ZmNAC17 Regulates Mesocotyl Elongation by Mediating Auxin and ROS Biosynthetic Pathways in Maize.

The mesocotyl is of great significance in seedling emergence and in responding to biotic and abiotic stress in maize. The NAM, ATAF, and CUC2 (NAC) transcription factor family plays an important role in maize growth and development; however, its function in the elongation of the maize mesocotyl is still unclear. In this study, we found that the mesocotyl length in zmnac17 loss-of-function mutants was lower than that in the B73 wild type. By using transcriptomic sequencing technology, we identified 444 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between zmnac17-1 and B73, which were mainly enriched in the "tryptophan metabolism" and "antioxidant activity" pathways. Compared with the control, the zmnac17-1 mutants exhibited a decrease in the content of indole acetic acid (IAA) and an increase in the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results provide preliminary evidence that ZmNAC17 regulates the elongation of the maize mesocotyl.

OsBBP1, a newly identified protein containing DUF630 and DUF632 domains confers drought tolerance in rice.

Domain of unknown function (DUF) protein families, which are uncharacterized and numerous within the Pfam database. Recently, studies have demonstrated that DUFs played crucial roles in plant development, but whether, or how, they function in drought resistance remain unclear. In this study, we identified the Os03g0321500 gene, encoding OsbZIP72 binding protein 1 (OsBBP1), as a target of OsbZIP72 using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing in rice. OsBBP1 is a novel member of DUFs, which localize both in the nuclei and cytoplasm of rice protoplasts. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed the specific binding between OsbZIP72 and OsBBP1. Additionally, a luciferase reporter analysis illustrated that OsbZIP72 activated the expression of OsBBP1. Drought tolerance experiments demonstrate that the OsBBP1 CRISPER-CAS9 transgenic mutants were sensitive to drought stress, but the transgenic OsBBP1 over-expressing rice plants showed enhanced drought resistance. Moreover, drought tolerance experiments in a paddy field suggested that OsBBP1 contributed to less yield or yield-related losses under drought conditions. Mechanistically, OsBBP1 might confer drought resistance by inducing more efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. Several ROS scavenging-related genes showed increased expression levels in OsBBP1 overexpression lines and decreased expression levels in OsBBP1 CRISPER-CAS9 mutants under drought conditions. Thus, OsBBP1, acting downstream of OsbZIP72, contributes to drought resistance and causes less yield or yield-related losses under drought conditions.

EGFR degraders in non-small-cell lung cancer: Breakthrough and unresolved issue.

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been well validated as a therapeutic target for anticancer drug discovery. Osimertinib has become the first globally accessible third-generation EGFR inhibitor, representing one of the most advanced developments in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy. However, a tertiary Cys797 to Ser797 (C797S) point mutation has hampered osimertinib treatment in patients with advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Several classes of fourth-generation EGFR inhibitors were consequently discovered with the aim of overcoming the EGFRC797S mutation-mediated resistance. However, no clinical efficacy data of the fourth-generation EGFR inhibitors were reported to date, and EGFRC797S mutation-mediated resistance remains an "unmet clinical need." Proteolysis-targeting chimeric molecules (PROTACs) obtained from EGFR-TKIs have been developed to target drug resistance EGFR in NSCLC. Some PROTACs are from nature products. These degraders compared with EGFR inhibitors showed better efficiency in their cellular potency, inhibition, and toxicity profiles. In this review, we first introduce the structural properties of EGFR, the resistance, and mutations of EGFR, and then mainly focus on the recent advances of EGFR-targeting degraders along with its advantages and outstanding challenges.

Circ_0051428 targeting miR-885-3p/MMP2 axis enhances the malignancy of cervical cancer.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are key regulators of cervical cancer (CC) progression. This study aimed to elucidate the role and mechanism of circ_0051428, a novel circRNA, in CC tumorigenesis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analyses confirmed that circ_0051428 and matrix metalloprotein-2 (MMP2) were overexpressed in CC, whereas the microRNA miR-885-3p was poorly expressed. After performing a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, circ_0051428 knockdown was shown to repress CC cell invasion and proliferation in vitro, and hamper tumor formation in vivo. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation experiments verified that circ_0051428 interacts with miR-885-3p to regulate the target gene MMP2 of miR-885-3p in CC. In addition, miR-885-3p knockdown offset the anticancer effects of circ_0051428 or MMP2 knockdown on CC cell malignancy. Overall, this study revealed that circ_0051428 executes a tumor-promoting function in CC pathogenesis by modulating the miR-885-3p/MMP2 axis. Our findings provide a novel approach for CC treatment.

2 Year Wencheng Waxy Yam Pesticide Residue Investigation and Quality Evaluation.

Wencheng waxy yam is famous for its glutinous and resilient taste, similar to waxy rice, but there is currently a lack of systematic research on the quality of this featured product, and little is known about its pesticide residues. We carried out a 2 year investigation of Wencheng waxy yam at seven sites from 2021 to 2022 to determine the oxidase content and phytochemical characteristics, namely, amylose, amylopectin, protein, reducing sugar, and mineral contents, such as K, Fe, and Zn, including the status of pesticide residues. The results showed that the oxidase content was affected by rainfall, and adequate water reduced the production of oxidase, including polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, during the late growth stage of waxy yam, which was beneficial for reducing browning in yam processing. Radar map analysis showed that, with comprehensive evaluation, standardized production sites 1 and 2 had a relatively higher quality than 3-7 with small farmers. The results of pesticide multiresidue testing showed that no pesticides were detected in 64.29% of the samples, and the detected residues in the samples were very low, making the consumption of yam safe for consumers. These findings could be beneficial for the exploitation of the health benefits of waxy yam tubers and the innovation of yam-based functional products.

Pathogenic characteristics of an aggregated diarrhea event caused by Plesiomonas shigelloides from stream.

This study aimed to investigate the cause of a foodborne disease outbreak in Huzhou on August 14, 2023. Multiple enteropathogens were detected using FilmArray, and the pathogen was subsequently isolated and cultured from anal swabs of the cases and stream water. The isolated strains were identified using VITEK MS, and antimicrobial susceptibility test, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) molecular typing, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were performed on the isolates of Plesiomonas shigelloides. Gene annotation and sequence alignment were used to analyze the virulence genes and drug resistance genes of the strains. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and homology analysis was conducted to trace the origin of P. shigelloides. A total of 7 strains of P.shigelloides were isolated, with 3 from stream water and 4 from anal swabs. All 7 strains exhibited the same PFGE pattern and showed resistance to amikacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, cefazolin, streptomycin, and florfenicol. The isolated strains carried the same resistance genes and virulence factors. In the sequences of the isolated strains from this outbreak, 11 mutation sites were detected. The phylogenetic tree based on SNP sites showed that these strains were homologous. This foodborne disease outbreak caused by P.shigelloides was the first reported in Huzhou. WGS can be used as a complementary method to PFGE for epidemiological investigations of disease outbreaks.

Identification of Plasma hsa_circ_0001230 and hsa_circ_0023879 as Potential Novel Biomarkers for Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network analysis.

Introduction Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common glomerulopathy with unclear mechanism. The demand for FSGS clinical diagnostic biomarkers has not yet been met. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel non-coding RNA with multiple functions, but its diagnostic value for FSGS remains unexplored. This study aimed to identify circRNAs that could aid in early clinical diagnosis and to investigate their mechanisms in podocyte injury. Methods The signature of plasma circRNAs for FSGS was identified by circRNA microarray. The existence of circRNAs was confirmed by qRT-PCR, RNase R assay, and DNA sequencing. Plasma levels of circRNAs were evaluated by qRT-PCR. The diagnostic value was appraised by receiver operating characteristic curve. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was built with Cytoscape 7.3.2. Statistically significant differences were calculated by the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results A total of 493 circRNAs (165 upregulated, 328 downregulated) were differentially expressed in the plasma of FSGS patients (n = 3) and normal controls (n = 3). Eight candidate circRNAs were demonstrated to be circular and stable transcripts. Among them, hsa_circ_0001230 and hsa_circ_0023879 were significantly upregulated in FSGS patients (n = 29) compared to normal controls (n = 51). The areas under the curve value of hsa_circ_0001230 and hsa_circ_0023879 were 0.668 and 0.753, respectively, while that of two-circRNAs panel was 0.763. The RNA pull-down analysis revealed that hsa_circ_0001230 and hsa_circ_0023879 could sponge hsa-miR-106a. Additionally, hsa_circ_0001230 and hsa_circ_0023879 positively regulated hsa-miR-106a target genes phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BCL2L11) in podocytes. Conclusion Hsa_circ_0001230 and hsa_circ_0023879 are novel blood biomarkers for FSGS. They may regulate podocyte apoptosis by competitively binding to hsa-miR-106a.

Risk factors for inadequate bowel preparation before colonoscopy: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively explore the risk factors for inadequate bowel preparation (IBP). METHODS: We searched the Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library databases up to August 24, 2023, to identify observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined risk factors for IBP. A random effects model was used to pool the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: A total of 125 studies (91 observational studies, 34 RCTs) were included. Meta-analyses of observational studies revealed that three preparation-related factors, namely, characteristics of last stool (solid or brown liquid), incomplete preparation intake, and incorrect diet restriction, were strong predictors of IBP. The other factors were moderately correlated with IBP incidence, including demographic variables (age, body mass index, male sex, Medicaid insurance, and current smoking), comorbidities (diabetes, liver cirrhosis, psychiatric disease, Parkinson's disease, previous IBP, poor mobility, inpatient, and Bristol stool form 1/2), medications (tricyclic antidepressants, opioids, antidepressants, narcotics, antipsychotics, and calcium channel blockers), and preparation-related factors (preparation-to-colonoscopy interval not within 3 to 5/6 h, nonsplit preparation, and preparation instructions not followed). No colonoscopy indications were found to be related to IBP. Meta-analyses of RCTs showed that education, constipation, stroke/dementia, and discomfort during preparation were also moderately associated with IBP. Most of the other findings were consistent with the pooled results of observational studies. However, primarily due to imprecision and inconsistency, the certainty of evidence for most factors was very low to moderate. CONCLUSIONS: We summarized five categories of risk factors for IBP. Compared to demographic variables, comorbidities, medications, and colonoscopy indications, preparation-related elements were more strongly associated with IBP. These findings may help clinicians identify high-risk individuals and provide guidance for IBP prevention.

Specific CpG sites methylation is associated with hematotoxicity in low-dose benzene-exposed workers.

Benzene is a broadly used industrial chemicals which causes various hematologic abnormalities in human. Altered DNA methylation has been proposed as epigenetic biomarkers in health risk evaluation of benzene exposure, yet the role of methylation at specific CpG sites in predicting hematological effects remains unclear. In this study, we recruited 120 low-level benzene-exposed and 101 control male workers from a petrochemical factory in Maoming City, Guangdong Province, China. Urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA) in benzene-exposed workers was 3.40-fold higher than that in control workers (P < 0.001). Benzene-induced hematotoxicity was characterized by reduced white blood cells counts and nuclear division index (NDI), along with an increased DNA damage and urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (all P < 0.05). Methylation levels of TRIM36, MGMT and RASSF1a genes in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLCs) were quantified by pyrosequencing. CpG site 6 of TRIM36, CpG site 2, 4, 6 of RASSF1a and CpG site 1, 3 of MGMT methylation were recognized as hot CpG sites due to a strong correlation with both internal exposure and hematological effects. Notably, integrating hot CpG sites methylation of multiple genes reveal a higher efficiency in prediction of integrative damage compared to individual genes at hot CpG sites. The negative dose-response relationship between the combined methylation of hot CpG sites in three genes and integrative damage enabled the classification of benzene-exposed individuals into high-risk or low-risk groups using the median cut-off value of the integrative index. Subsequently, a prediction model for integrative damage in benzene-exposed populations was built based on the methylation status of the identified hot CpG sites in the three genes. Taken together, these findings provide a novel insight into application prospect of specific CpG site methylation as epi-biomarkers for health risk assessment of environmental pollutants.

[Retracted] Upregulation of microRNA­181b inhibits CCL18­induced breast cancer cell metastasis and invasion via the NF­κB signaling pathway.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5230.].

Biochemical and molecular-level effects of co-exposure to chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin on the earthworm (Eisenia fetida).

Farmland soil organisms frequently encounter pesticide mixtures presented in their living environment. However, the underlying toxic mechanisms employed by soil animals to cope with such combined pollution have yet to be explored. This investigation aimed to reveal the changes in cellular and mRNA levels under chlorpyrifos (CPF) and lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) co-exposures in earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Results exhibited that the combination of CPF and LCT triggered an acute synergistic influence on the animals. Most exposures resulted in significant alterations in the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), caspase 3, and carboxylesterase (CarE) compared to the basal level. Moreover, when exposed to chemical mixtures, the transcription levels of four genes [heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), gst, sod, and calreticulin (crt)] also displayed more pronounced changes compared with their individual exposures. These changes in determined parameters indicated the occurrence of oxidative stress, cell death, detoxification dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum damage after co-exposure to CPF and LCT in E. fetida. The comprehensive examination of mixture toxicities of CPF and LCT at different endpoints would help to understand the overall toxicity they cause to soil invertebrates. The augmented deleterious effect of these pesticides in a mixture suggested that mixture toxicity assessment was necessary for the safety evaluation and application of pesticide mixtures.

Multimodal phototherapy agents target lipid droplets for near-infrared imaging-guided type I photodynamic/photothermal therapy.

The construction and optimization of a single phototherapeutic agent with photoluminescence, type I photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT) functions remain challenging. In this study, we aimed to design and synthesize four donor-acceptor (D-A) type aggregation-induced emission molecules: PSI, TPSI, PSSI, and TPSSI. We employed phenothiazine as an electron donor and 1,3-bis(dicyanomethylidene)indan as a strong electron acceptor in the synthesis process. Among them, TPSSI exhibited efficient type I reactive oxygen species generation, high photothermal conversion efficiency (45.44 %), and near-infrared emission. These observations can be attributed to the introduction of a triphenylamine electron donor group and a thiophene unit, which resulted in increased D-A strengths, a reduced singlet-triplet energy gap, and increased free intramolecular motion. TPSSI was loaded into bovine serum albumin to prepare biocompatible TPSSI nanoparticles (NPs). Our results have indicated that TPSSI NPs can target lipid droplets with negligible dark toxicity and can efficiently generate O2•- in hypoxic tumor environments. Moreover, TPSSI NPs selectively targeted 4T1 tumor tissues and exhibited a good PDT-PTT synergistic effect in vitro and in vivo. We believe that the successful preparation of multifunctional phototherapeutic agents will promote the development of efficient tumor diagnosis and treatment technologies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The construction of a single phototherapeutic agent with photoluminescence, type I photodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy functions, and its optimization remain challenging. In this study, we construct four donor-acceptor aggregation-induced emission molecules using phenothiazine as an electron donor and 1,3-Bis(dicyanomethylidene)indan as a strong electron acceptor. By optimizing the molecular structure, an integrated phototherapy agent with fluorescence imaging ability and high photodynamic / photothermal therapy performance was prepared. We believe that the successful preparation of multifunctional phototherapeutic agents will promote the development of efficient tumor diagnosis and treatment technology.

The efficiency and safety of low-dose apatinib combined with oral vinorelbine in pretreated HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Apatinib is an oral small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. Oral vinorelbine is a semisynthetic chemotherapeutic agent of vinorelbine alkaloids. Apatinib and oral vinorelbine have been proved to be effective in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (mBC). At present, several small sample clinical trials have explored the efficacy of apatinib combined with oral vinorelbine in the treatment of mBC. METHODS: This retrospective study included 100 human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-negative mBC patients who received low-dose apatinib (250 mg orally per day) plus oral vinorelbine until disease progression or intolerance during February 2017 and March 2023. The progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety were analyzed by SPSS 26.0 software and GraphPad Prism 8 software. Cox proportional hazards regression model for univariate and multivariate was used to identify factors significantly related to PFS and OS. RESULTS: The median follow-up time for this study was 38.1 months. Among 100 patients with HER2-negative mBC, 66 were hormone receptor (HR)-positive/HER2-negative and 34 were triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The median PFS and OS were 6.0 months (95% CI, 5.2-6.8 months) and 23.0 months (95% CI, 19.9-26.1 months). There were no statistical differences in PFS (p = 0.239) and OS (p = 0.762) between the HR-positive /HER2-negative and TNBC subgroups. The ORR, CBR, and DCR were 21.0%, 58.0%, and 78.0%, respectively. Ninety-five patients (95.0%) experienced varying grades of adverse events (AEs) and 38.0% of patients for Grades 3-4. The most common Grades 3-4 AEs that we observed were neutropenia (30.0%) and leukopenia (25.0%). CONCLUSION: Low-dose apatinib combined with oral vinorelbine demonstrates potential efficacy and well tolerated for pretreated HER2-negative mBC.

BMP4 in Human Endometrial Stromal Cells Can Affect Decidualization by Regulating FOXO1 Expression.

CONTEXT: Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined as the loss of 2 or more consecutive intrauterine pregnancies with the same sexual partner in the first trimester. Despite its significance, the etiology and underlying mechanisms of RSA remain elusive. Defective decidualization is proposed as one of the potential causes of RSA, with abnormal decidualization leading to disturbances in trophoblast invasion function. OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) in decidualization and RSA. METHODS: Decidual samples were collected from both RSA patients and healthy controls to assess BMP4 expression. In vitro cell experiments utilized the hESC cell line to investigate the impact of BMP4 on decidualization and associated aging, as well as its role in the maternal-fetal interface communication. Subsequently, a spontaneous abortion mouse model was established to evaluate embryo resorption rates and BMP4 expression levels. RESULTS: Our study identified a significant downregulation of BMP4 expression in the decidua of RSA patients compared to the normal control group. In vitro, BMP4 knockdown resulted in inadequate decidualization and inhibited associated aging processes. Mechanistically, BMP4 was implicated in the regulation of FOXO1 expression, thereby influencing decidualization and aging. Furthermore, loss of BMP4 hindered trophoblast migration and invasion via FOXO1 modulation. Additionally, BMP4 downregulation was observed in RSA mice. CONCLUSION: Our findings highlighted the downregulation of BMP4 in both RSA patients and mice. BMP4 in human endometrial stromal cells was shown to modulate decidualization by regulating FOXO1 expression. Loss of BMP4 may contribute to the pathogenesis of RSA, suggesting potential avenues for abortion prevention strategies.

Punicic acid ameliorates obesity-related hyperlipidemia and fatty liver in mice via regulation of intestinal flora and lipopolysaccharide-related signaling pathways.

Punicic acid (PA), mainly found in pomegranate seed oil (PSO), has attracted increasing attention due to its potential to mitigate obesity. The regulation of intestinal microflora was identified as a crucial factor and an effective strategy to reverse obesity-related hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To assess the impact of PSO on hyperlipidemia related to obesity, we investigated the hepatic lipid status and gut microbiota regulation in mice over 13 weeks of feeding a high-fructose high-fat diet (HFHFD). Serum lipid markers, including TG, TC and LDL-C, were markedly reduced in hyperlipidemic mice. PSO supplementation reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis, inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (including IL-6 and IL-1ß), and restored the normal levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In addition, PSO also alleviated oxidative stress and increased T-AOC and SOD activities, as well as GSH levels, while reducing the MDA content in the liver of HFHFD-fed mice. The activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and TLR4/IL-22/STAT3 signaling pathways in the liver due to the HFHFD was also evidently inhibited by PSO. Furthermore, supplementation of PSO ameliorated the HFHFD-induced dysbiosis of intestinal microflora, resulting in a markedly increased proportion of Muribaculaceae, a decreased ratio of Blautia, and elevated levels of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Moreover, the expression of tight junction proteins correlated with intestinal barrier function was notably restored in the colon. The collected results indicate that PSO may be an effective nutraceutical ingredient for attenuating lipid metabolic disorders.

Cascading Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide and N-Acetyltransferase 2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Using a Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a critical gas signaling molecule, and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), a key enzyme in drug metabolism, are both known active biomarkers for liver function. However, the interactions and effects of H2S and NAT2 in living cells or lesion sites remain unknown due to the lack of imaging tools to achieve simultaneous detection of these two substances, making it challenging to implement real-time imaging and precise tracking. Herein, we report an activity-based two-photon fluorescent probe, TPSP-1, for the cascade detection of H2S and NAT2 in living liver cells. Continuous conversion from TPSP-1 to TPSP-3 was achieved in liver cells and tissues. Significantly, leveraging the outstanding optical properties of this two-photon fluorescent probe, TPSP-1, has been effectively used to identify pathological tissue samples directly from clinical liver cancer patients. This work provides us with this novel sensing and two-photon imaging probe, which can be used as a powerful tool to study the physiological functions of H2S and NAT2 and will help facilitate rapid and accurate diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Intestinal carcinogenicity screening of environmental pollutants using organoid-based cell transformation assay.

The high incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is closely associated with environmental pollutant exposure. To identify potential intestinal carcinogens, we developed a cell transformation assay (CTA) using mouse adult stem cell-derived intestinal organoids (mASC-IOs) and assessed the transformation potential on 14 representative chemicals, including Cd, iPb, Cr-VI, iAs-III, Zn, Cu, PFOS, BPA, MEHP, AOM, DMH, MNNG, aspirin, and metformin. We optimized the experimental protocol based on cytotoxicity, amplification, and colony formation of chemical-treated mASC-IOs. In addition, we assessed the accuracy of in vitro study and the human tumor relevance through characterizing interdependence between cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions, tumorigenicity, pathological feature of subcutaneous tumors, and CRC-related molecular signatures. Remarkably, the results of cell transformation in 14 chemicals showed a strong concordance with epidemiological findings (8/10) and in vivo mouse studies (12/14). In addition, we found that the increase in anchorage-independent growth was positively correlated with the tumorigenicity of tested chemicals. Through analyzing the dose-response relationship of anchorage-independent growth by benchmark dose (BMD) modeling, the potent intestinal carcinogens were identified, with their carcinogenic potency ranked from high to low as AOM, Cd, MEHP, Cr-VI, iAs-III, and DMH. Importantly, the activity of chemical-transformed mASC-IOs was associated with the degree of cellular differentiation of subcutaneous tumors, altered transcription of oncogenic genes, and activated pathways related to CRC development, including Apc, Trp53, Kras, Pik3ca, Smad4 genes, as well as WNT and BMP signaling pathways. Taken together, we successfully developed a mASC-IO-based CTA, which might serve as a potential alternative for intestinal carcinogenicity screening of chemicals.

Precise tracking control via iterative learning for one-sided Lipschitz Caputo fractional-order systems.

This paper investigates iterative learning control for Caputo fractional-order systems with one-sided Lipschitz nonlinearity. Both open- and closed-loop P-type learning algorithms are proposed to achieve perfect tracking for the desired trajectory, and their convergence conditions are established. It is shown that the algorithms can make the output tracking error converge to zero along the iteration axis. A simulation example illustrates the application of the theoretical findings, and shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach.