RESUMO
Social distancing has been essential during the COVID-19 pandemic to slow the spread of the disease. Online learning ensures students can participate in learning activities while also maintaining a physical distance from other students. Although online learning was used to prevent the spread of COVID-19, the development of online learning has also been promoted. Here, we sought to explore the perceptions and responses of students to online learning during the pandemic using a cross-sectional study. Electronic questionnaire was used for data collection. Statistical analyses were performed for 1614 valid questionnaires and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Overall, COVID-19 had more effect on female students, such as fear of COVID-19 (2.4 times higher than the number of male students) and length of time spent learning (H = 42.449, P < 0.05). However, the higher the students' grades were, the less the impact of COVID-19. For the style of lessons, all students would prefer shorter lessons (P < 0.05). Female and fifth-grade students were more prefer combined online and face-to-face learning, and male and freshmen students were more likely to prefer face-to-face learning after the pandemic. More than 50% of students thought the main advantage of online learning was convenience, with low efficiency being a disadvantage. The main factors negatively influencing online learning were eyestrain, poor network connections, and poor learning environments at home. In conclusion, synchronous online and face-to-face learning may become more common in future curricula, however the efficiency of online learning and the female students more attentions.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The number of elderly patients with biliary and pancreatic diseases has increased significantly. The characteristics of biliary and pancreatic diseases in the elderly increase the risk of treatment. AIM: To study the safety and efficacy of therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in elderly patients with biliary and pancreatic diseases with the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients receiving ERCP under ERAS were grouped into an elderly group (group A, n = 58, aged 75 years or above) and a young and middle-aged group (group B, n = 202, aged less than 60 years). The clinical parameters before, during and after the operation of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: Before the operation, the incidences of cholangiocarcinoma and complications, nutritional screening score ≥ 3, ASA degree III and Child-Pugh grade A in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (p < 0.05), while the incidences of nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, nutritional screening < 3 and ASA grade I in group A were significantly lower than those in group B (p < 0.05). Intraoperatively, the incidence of juxta-ampullary duodenal diverticulum (JAD) in internal or bottom papilla in the elder patients with difficult selective biliary cannulation (DSBC) was significantly higher than that in the young and middle-aged group (p < 0.05). In addition, the continuous ECG monitoring duration and the first exhaust time in group A were significantly longer than those in group B (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography under ERAS in elderly patients is as safe and effective as in young patients.
