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The East Palaearctic species of the adeliine genus Paradelius De Saeger, 1942 are reviewed. The genus Sculptomyriola Belokobylskij, 1988 is synonymised with Paradelius and treated as its subgenus. The following species are transferred to subgenus Paradelius (Sculptomyriola): P. (Sc.) extremiorientalis (Belokobylskij, 1988), comb. nov.; P. (Sc.) ghilarovi (Belokobylskij, 1988), comb. nov.; P. (Sc.) neotropicalis Shimbori & Shaw, 2019; P. (Sc.) nigrus Whitfield, 1988; P. (Sc.) rubrus Whitfield, 1988; P. (Sc.) sinevi (Belokobylskij, 1998), comb. nov. A new species Paradelius (Sculptomyriola) koreanussp. nov. from Korean Peninsula is described. The genus Sinadelius He & Chen, 2000 is synonymised with Paradelius De Saeger and also treated as its subgenus. The species Sinadeliusguangxiensis He & Chen, 2000 and S.nigricans He & Chen, 2000 are transferred to Paradelius (Sinadelius) (comb. nov.). A key for determination of the World known Paradelius species from three its subgenera, Paradelius s.str., Sculptomyriola Belokobylskij and Sinadelius He & Chen, and illustrated redescriptions of the type of genus and its Asian species are provided.
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The success of an organism depends on the molecular and ecological adaptations that promote its beneficial fitness. Parasitoids are valuable biocontrol agents for successfully managing agricultural pests, and they have evolved diversified strategies to adapt to both the physiological condition of hosts and the competition of other parasitoids. Here, we deconstructed the parasitic strategies in a highly successful parasitoid, Trichopria drosophilae, which parasitizes a broad range of Drosophila hosts, including the globally invasive species D. suzukii. We found that T. drosophilae had developed specialized venom proteins that arrest host development to obtain more nutrients via secreting tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), as well as a unique type of cell-teratocytes-that digest host tissues for feeding by releasing trypsin proteins. In addition to the molecular adaptations that optimize nutritional uptake, this pupal parasitoid has evolved ecologically adaptive strategies including the conditional tolerance of intraspecific competition to enhance parasitic success in older hosts and the obligate avoidance of interspecific competition with larval parasitoids. Our study not only demystifies how parasitoids weaponize themselves to colonize formidable hosts but also provided empirical evidence of the intricate coordination between the molecular and ecological adaptations that drive evolutionary success.
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Adaptação Fisiológica , Drosophila , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Vespas , Animais , Vespas/fisiologia , Drosophila/parasitologia , Pupa/parasitologia , Larva/parasitologia , Larva/metabolismoRESUMO
Oxidative phosphorylation, essential for energy metabolism and linked to the regulation of longevity, involves mitochondrial and nuclear genes. The functions of these genes and their evolutionary rate covariation (ERC) have been extensively studied, but little is known about whether other nuclear genes not targeted to mitochondria evolutionarily and functionally interact with mitochondrial genes. Here we systematically examined the ERC of mitochondrial and nuclear benchmarking universal single-copy ortholog (BUSCO) genes from 472 insects, identifying 75 non-mitochondria-targeted nuclear genes. We found that the uncharacterized gene CG11837-a putative ortholog of human DIMT1-regulates insect lifespan, as its knockdown reduces median lifespan in five diverse insect species and Caenorhabditis elegans, whereas its overexpression extends median lifespans in fruit flies and C. elegans and enhances oxidative phosphorylation gene activity. Additionally, DIMT1 overexpression protects human cells from cellular senescence. Together, these data provide insights into the ERC of mito-nuclear genes and suggest that CG11837 may regulate longevity across animals.
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BACKGROUND: Despite recent advances in therapeutic regimens, the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains poor. Following our previous finding that interleukin-33 (IL-33) promotes cell survival along with activated NF-κB in AML, we further investigated the role of NF-κB during leukemia development. METHODS: Flow cytometry was performed to value the apoptosis and proliferation. qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to detect the expression of IL-6, active caspase 3, BIRC2, Bcl-2, and Bax, as well as activated NF-κB p65 and AKT. Finally, xenograft mouse models and AML patient samples were used to verify the findings observed in AML cell lines. RESULTS: IL-33-mediated NF-κB activation in AML cell lines contributes to a reduction in apoptosis, an increase in proliferation rate as well as a decrease in drug sensitivity, which were reversed by NF-κB inhibitor, Bay-117085. Moreover, IL-33 decreased the expression of active caspase-3 while increasing the levels of BIRC2, Bcl-2, and Bax, and these effects were blocked by Bay-117085. Additionally, NF-κB activation induced by IL-33 increases the production of IL-6 and autocrine activation of AKT. Co-culture of bone marrow stroma with AML cells resulted in increased IL-33 expression by leukemia cells, along with decreased apoptosis level and reduced drug sensitivity. Finally, we confirmed the in vivo pro-tumor effect mediated by IL-33/ NF-κB axis using a xenograft model of AML. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that IL-33/IL1RL1-dependent signaling contributes to AML cell activation of NF-κB, which in turn causes autocrine IL-6-induced activation of pAKT, supporting IL-33/NF-κB/pAKT as a potential target for AML therapy.
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Apoptose , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Interleucina-33 , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , NF-kappa B , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patologia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Animais , Interleucina-33/metabolismo , Camundongos , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismoRESUMO
Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic inference is widely used in phylogenomics. As heuristic searches most likely find suboptimal trees, it is recommended to conduct multiple (e.g., ten) tree searches in phylogenetic analyses. However, beyond its positive role, how and to what extent multiple tree searches aid ML phylogenetic inference remains poorly explored. Here, we found that a random starting tree was not as effective as the BioNJ and parsimony starting trees in inferring ML gene tree and that RAxML-NG and PhyML were less sensitive to different starting trees than IQ-TREE. We then examined the effect of the number of tree searches on ML tree inference with IQ-TREE and RAxML-NG, by running 100 tree searches on 19,414 gene alignments from 15 animal, plant, and fungal phylogenomic datasets. We found that the number of tree searches substantially impacted the recovery of the best-of-100 ML gene tree topology among 100 searches for a given ML program. In addition, all of the concatenation-based trees were topologically identical if the number of tree searches was ≥ 10. Quartet-based ASTRAL trees inferred from 1 to 80 tree searches differed topologically from those inferred from 100 tree searches for 6 /15 phylogenomic datasets. Lastly, our simulations showed that gene alignments with lower difficulty scores had a higher chance of finding the best-of-100 gene tree topology and were more likely to yield the correct trees.
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BACKGROUND: Anesthesia techniques and drug selection may influence tumor recurrence and metastasis. Neutrophil extracellular trapping (NETosis), an immunological process, has been linked to an increased susceptibility to metastasis in individuals with tumors. Furthermore, recurrence may be associated with vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), a mediator of angiogenesis. This study investigates the impact of lidocaine (combined with sevoflurane or propofol anesthesia ) during breast cancer surgery inhibits the expression of biomarkers associated with metastasis and recurrence (specifically H3Cit, NE, MPO, MMP-9 and VEGF-A). METHODS: We randomly assigned 120 women undergoing primary or invasive breast tumor resection to receive one of four anesthetics: sevoflurane (S), sevoflurane plus i.v. lidocaine (SL), propofol (P), and propofol plus i.v. lidocaine (PL). Blood samples were collected before induction and 3 h after the operation. Biomarkers associated with NETosis (citrullinated histone H3 [H3Cit], myeloperoxidase [MPO], and neutrophil elastase [NE]) and angiogenesis were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS: Patient and breast tumor characteristics, along with perioperative management, did not differ between study groups. In intra-group comparisons, S and P groups demonstrated a statistically significant increase in post-operative MPO (S group: 10.39[6.89-17.22] vs. 14.31[8.55-20.87] ng ml-1, P = 0.032; P group: 9.45[6.73-17.37] vs. 14.34[9.87-19.75] ng ml-1, P = 0.035)and NE(S group: 182.70[85.66-285.85] vs. 226.20[91.85-391.65] ng ml-1, P = 0.045; P group: 154.22[97.31-325.30] vs. 308.66[132.36-483.57] ng ml-1, P = 0.037) concentrations compared to pre-operative measurements, whereas SL and PL groups did not display a similar increase. H3Cit, MMP-9, and VEGF-A concentrations were not significantly influenced by the anesthesia techniques and drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the specific technique employed for general anesthesia, there was no increase in the postoperative serum concentrations of MPO and NE after perioperative lidocaine infusion compared to preoperative serum concentrations. This supports the hypothesis that intravenous lidocaine during cancer surgery aimed at achieving a cure may potentially decrease the likelihood of recurrence. Further interpretation and discussion of clinical implications are warranted, emphasizing the significance of these findings in the context of cancer surgery and recurrence prevention. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR2300068563.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Lidocaína , Neovascularização Patológica , Propofol , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Lidocaína/administração & dosagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Propofol/administração & dosagem , Propofol/farmacologia , Sevoflurano/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Armadilhas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Armadilhas Extracelulares/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Anestésicos Inalatórios/administração & dosagem , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/sangue , AngiogêneseRESUMO
An updated key to the currently known species of the subgenus Tarpheion van Achterberg, 1976 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Blacus) in China is provided. Nine new species are proposed, B. (T.) adelphius sp. nov., B. (T.) frontalis sp. nov., B. (T.) gilvus sp. nov., B. (T.) hainanensis sp. nov., B. (T.) parilis sp. nov., B. (T.) reticulatus sp. nov., B. (T.) sculptilis sp. nov., B. (T.) tanae sp. nov., and B. (T.) wuyishanensis sp. nov. Eight species, B. (T.) achterbergi Haeselbarth, 1976, B. (T.) albiventris van Achterberg, 1988, B. (T.) angichorus van Achterberg, 1988, B. (T.) antennalis van Achterberg, 1988, B. (T.) apicalis van Achterberg, 1976, B. (T.) artomandibularis van Achterberg, 1976, B. (T.) bicolor van Achterberg, 1988, and B. (T.) soror van Achterberg, 1988, are newly recorded from China.
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Himenópteros , Vespas , Animais , ChinaRESUMO
Three subgenera Microchelonus Szpligeti, 1908 s. str., Parachelonus Tobias, 1995 and Stylochelonus Helln, 1958 are newly recorded from China, 21 new species, viz., C. (M.) adiazetos sp. nov., C. (M.) aequus sp. nov., C. (M.) brachykeraiatus sp. nov., C. (M.) bullatus sp. nov., C. (M.) clivus sp. nov., C. (M.) crassitibialis sp. nov., C. (M.) cyclotus sp. nov., C. (M.) erugatus sp. nov., C. (M.) illatus sp. nov., C. (M.) leious sp. nov., C. (M.) linzhiensis sp. nov., C. (M.) maculovittatus sp. nov., C. (M.) melanochromus sp. nov., C. (M.) platyetrus sp. nov., C. (M.) recavus sp. nov., C. (M.) ruficorpus sp. nov., C. (M.) scirpophagae sp. nov., C. (M.) staurorhytis sp. nov., C. (P.) hirsutus sp. nov., C. (S.) acaretrus sp. nov., and C. (S.) punctulosus sp. nov. are described and illustrated. Also, eleven species are reported as new to China: C. (M.) alticinctus (Tobias, 1989), C. (M.) alveatus (Tobias, 1989), C. (M.) calcaratus (Tobias, 1989), C. (M.) flagellaris (Tobias, 1989), C. (M.) insidiatrix (Tobias, 1989), C. (M.) milkoi (Tobias, 2003), C. (M.) moskovitus (Tobias, 1997), C. (M.) semilunaris (Tobias, 2000), C. (M.) temporalis (Tobias, 1986), C. (M.) varus (Tobias, 2000) and C. (M.) zaitzevi (Tobias, 1972). Four new combinations are proposed: C. (P.) compressor (Chen & Ji, 2003) comb. nov., C. (P.) macrocorpus (Ji & Chen, 2003) comb. nov., C. (P.) polycolor (Chen & Ji, 2003) comb. nov. and C. (Baculonus) rubriventris (Tobias, 1988) comb. nov. The following new names are proposed: C. (M.) jiae nom. nov. for C. (M.) bimaculatus (Chen & Ji, 2003) and C. (M.) substernatus nom. nov. for C. (M.) tobiasi (Yuldashev, 2011). Microchelonus (Carinichelonus) cavifrons Tobias, 2000 is synonymized with C. (Ca.) tabonus Sonan, 1932. A key to the Chinese species of the subgenus Microchelonus is provided together with keys to the currently known species of the subgenera Carinichelonus, Stylochelonus and Parachelonus.
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Himenópteros , Animais , ChinaRESUMO
The subgenus Chelonus Panzer, 1806 of genus Chelonus Panzer, 1806 is revised for China and 73 (of which 31 are illustrated) species are recognized. Twenty-one new species, namely, C. (C.) akinakes sp. nov., C. (C.) ameterion sp. nov., C. (C.) angustivertex sp. nov., C. (C.) apicoretusus sp. nov., C. (C.) argoskeles sp. nov., C. (C.) aspros sp. nov., C. (C.) bouommatus sp. nov., C. (C.) brochus sp. nov., C. (C.) columnatus sp. nov., C. (C.) ferrugineus sp. nov., C. (C.) gilvus sp. nov., C. (C.) glomerosus sp. nov., C. (C.) hadrosetron sp. nov., C. (C.) longipectus sp. nov., C. (C.) notochinensis sp. nov., C. (C.) pedinos sp. nov., C. (C.) perspicillatus sp. nov., C. (C.) tanyaisthema sp. nov., C. (C.) transversus sp. nov., C. (C.) truncatus sp. nov. and C. (C.) wuyiensis sp. nov., are described and illustrated. Nine species are recorded from China for the first time, i.e., C. (C.) breviventris Thomson, 1874, C. (C.) capsa Tobias, 1972, C. (C.) cesa Kocak & Kemal, 2013, C. (C.) dauricus Telenga, 1941, C. (C.) fumarius Tobias, 2000, C. (C.) pannonicus Szpligeti, 1896, C. (C.) praepusillus Tobias, 2000, C. (C.) subseticornis Tobias, 1971 and C. (C.) wullii Kittel, 2016. A key to the Chinese species of the subgenus Chelonus Panzer, 1806 is provided.
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Vespas , Animais , ChinaRESUMO
The signaling environment, or niche, often governs the initial difference in behavior of an adult stem cell and a derivative that initiates a path towards differentiation. The transition between an instructive stem cell niche and differentiation niche must generally have single-cell resolution, suggesting that multiple mechanisms might be necessary to sharpen the transition. Here, we examined the Drosophila ovary and found that Cap cells, which are key constituents of the germline stem cell (GSC) niche, express a conserved microRNA (miR-124). Surprisingly, loss of miR-124 activity in Cap cells leads to a defect in differentiation of GSC derivatives. We present evidence that the direct functional target of miR-124 in Cap cells is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and that failure to limit EGFR expression leads to the ectopic expression of a key anti-differentiation BMP signal in neighboring somatic escort cells (ECs), which constitute a differentiation niche. We further found that Notch signaling connects EFGR activity in Cap cells to BMP expression in ECs. We deduce that the stem cell niche communicates with the differentiation niche through a mechanism that begins with the selective expression of a specific microRNA and culminates in the suppression of the major anti-differentiation signal in neighboring cells, with the functionally important overall role of sharpening the spatial distinction between self-renewal and differentiation environments.
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Proteínas de Drosophila , MicroRNAs , Animais , Feminino , Drosophila/genética , Drosophila/metabolismo , Ovário/metabolismo , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Nicho de Células-Tronco/genética , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Receptores ErbB/genética , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Comunicação , Drosophila melanogaster/metabolismo , Células Germinativas/metabolismoRESUMO
Parasitoids introduce various virulence factors when parasitism occurs, and some taxa generate teratocytes to manipulate the host immune system and metabolic homeostasis for the survival and development of their progeny. Host-parasitoid interactions are extremely diverse and complex, yet the evolutionary dynamics are still poorly understood. A category of serpin genes, named CvT-serpins, was discovered to be specifically expressed and secreted by the teratocytes of Cotesia vestalis, an endoparasitoid of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella. Genomic and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the C. vestalis serpin genes are duplicated and most of them are clustered into 1 monophyletic clade. Intense positive selection was detected at the residues around the P1-P1' cleavage sites of the Cv-serpin reactive center loop domain. Functional analyses revealed that, in addition to the conserved function of melanization inhibition (CvT-serpins 1, 16, 18, and 21), CvT-serpins exhibited novel functions, i.e. bacteriostasis (CvT-serpins 3 and 5) and nutrient metabolism regulation (CvT-serpins 8 and 10). When the host-parasitoid system is challenged with foreign bacteria, CvT-serpins act as an immune regulator to reprogram the host immune system through sustained inhibition of host melanization while simultaneously functioning as immune effectors to compensate for this suppression. In addition, we provided evidence that CvT-serpin8 and 10 participate in the regulation of host trehalose and lipid levels by affecting genes involved in these metabolic pathways. These findings illustrate an exquisite tactic by which parasitoids win out in the parasite-host evolutionary arms race by manipulating host immune and nutrition homeostasis via adaptive gene evolution and neofunctionalization.
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Mariposas , Parasitos , Serpinas , Vespas , Animais , Serpinas/genética , Filogenia , Mariposas/genética , Homeostase , Larva/metabolismo , Vespas/genéticaRESUMO
Bupivacaine (BPV) can cause severe central nervous system toxicity when absorbed into the blood circulation system. Rapid intravenous administration of lipid emulsion (LE) could be used to treat local anaesthetic toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which the BDNF-TrkB/proBDNF-p75NTR pathway regulation by LE rescues BPV induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal neurons in rats. Seven- to nine-day-old primary cultured hippocampal neurons were randomly divided into 6 groups: the blank control group (Ctrl), the bupivacaine group (BPV), the lipid emulsion group (LE), the bupivacaine + lipid emulsion group (BPV + LE), the bupivacaine + lipid emulsion + tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) inhibitor group (BPV + LE + K252a), the bupivacaine + lipid emulsion + p75 neurotrophic factor receptor (p75NTR) inhibitor group (BPV + LE + TAT-Pep5). All hippocampal neurons were incubated for 24 h, and their growth state was observed by light microscopy. The relative TrkB and p75NTR mRNA levels were detected by real-time PCR. The protein expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), proBDNF, TrkB, p75NTR and cleaved caspase-3 were detected by western blotting. The results showed that primary hippocampal neuron activity was reduced by BPV. As administration of LE elevated hippocampal neuronal activity, morphology was also somewhat improved. The protein expression and mRNA levels of TrkB and p75NTR were decreased when BPV induced hippocampal neuronal toxicity, while the expression of BDNF was increased. At the same time, BPV increased the original generation of cleaved caspase-3 protein content by hippocampal neurons, while the content of cleaved caspase-3 protein in hippocampal neurons cotreated with LE and BPV was decreased. Thus, this study has revealed LE may reduce apoptosis and promote survival of hippocampal neurons by regulating the BDNF-TrkB pathway and the proBDNF-p75NTR pathway to rescue BPV induced central neurotoxicity in rats.
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Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo , Bupivacaína , Ratos , Animais , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Caspase 3 , Emulsões/farmacologia , Receptor trkB/metabolismo , Receptores de Fator de Crescimento Neural/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , LipídeosRESUMO
The subgenus Hysterobolus Viereck, 1913 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Blacus) is newly recorded from China. Nine new species are proposed, B. (H.) baishanzuensis sp. nov., B. (H.) flaviceps sp. nov., B. (H.) laculaticornis sp. nov., B. (H.) longiapicalis sp. nov., B. (H.) melanoapicalis sp. nov., B. (H.) niger sp. nov., B. (H.) variegatus sp. nov., B. (H.) xui sp. nov., B. (H.) yunnanensis sp. nov., and one species, B. (H.) chabarovi Belokobylskij, 1995, is newly recorded from China. An updated key to the currently known species of the subgenus Hysterobolus in China is provided.
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The subgenus Contochorus van Achterberg, 1976 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Blacus) is newly recorded from China. Two new species are proposed, B. (C). capillosus sp. nov., B. (C). planus sp. nov., and two species are newly recorded in China, B. (C). mellitarsis van Achterberg, 1988 and B. (C). turbidus Papp, 1985. An updated key to the currently known species of the subgenus Contochorus in the world is provided.
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Himenópteros , Vespas , Animais , ChinaRESUMO
Chouioia cunea Yang 1989 is a parasitic wasp of many lepidopteran insects during their pupal stage, and has been successfully used to control pests such as the fall webworm Hyphantria cunea. Here we reported the chromosome-level genome of C. cunea by using short (MGI-SEQ), long (Oxford Nanopore), chromatin-linked (Hi-C) sequencing reads and transcriptomic data, representing the first chromosome-level genome of parasitic wasps of the family Eulophidae. The total assembly length is 171.99 Mb, containing 6 pesudo-chromosomes with a GC content of 36.89% and the scaffold/contig N50 length of 31.70/26.52 Mb. The BUSCO completeness of the assembly was estimated to be 98.7%. A total of 12,258 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 10,547 3'-UTRs, and 10,671 5'-UTRs were annotated. This high-quality genome is an important step toward a better understanding of the genomes of the Eulophidae (Chalcidoidea), and will serve as a valuable resource for analyses of phylogenetic relationships and the evolution of Hymenoptera.
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Genoma de Inseto , Mariposas , Vespas , Animais , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Regiões não Traduzidas , Vespas/genética , Cromossomos de InsetosRESUMO
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer in adults. Despite new therapeutic modalities, the outcomes for RCC patients remain unsatisfactory. Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) has previously been shown to be upregulated in RCC, and its expression was negatively correlated with patient survival. However, the precise molecular function of ROCK2 has remained unclear. Herein, using RNA-seq analysis of ROCK2 knockdown and control cells, we identified 464 differentially expressed genes, and 1287 alternative splicing events in 786-O RCC cells. Furthermore, mapping of iRIP-seq reads in 786-O cells showed a biased distribution at 5' UTR, intronic and intergenic regions. By comparing ROCK2-regulated alternative splicing and iRIP-seq data, we found 292 overlapping genes that are enriched in multiple tumorigenic pathways. Taken together, our work defined a complex ROCK2-RNA interaction map on a genomic scale in a human RCC cell line, which deepens our understanding of the molecular function of ROCK2 in cancer development.
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Carcinoma de Células Renais , Neoplasias Renais , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Renais/genética , RNA , Neoplasias Renais/genética , Carcinogênese , Quinases Associadas a rho/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common postoperative disorder that is frequently observed after general anesthesia, which seriously threatens the quality of patients' life. Existing studies have demonstrated that S-ketamine plays an important role in improving neuroinflammation. This trial aimed to explore the effects of S-ketamine on quality of recovery and cognitive function in patients following modified radical mastectomy (MRM). METHODS: Ninety patients aged 45 to 70 years with ASA grades of I or II, who underwent MRM, were selected. Patients were randomly assigned to the S-ketamine or control group. In the S-ketamine group, patients were induced with S-ketamine instead of sufentanil and maintained with S-ketamine and remifentanil. In the control group, patients were induced with sufentanil and maintained with remifentanil. The primary outcome was the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) score. Secondary outcomes including visual analog scale (VAS) score, cumulative propofol and opioids consumption, post anesthesia care unit (PACU) recovery time, occurrence of remedial analgesia, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), other adverse events, as well as patient satisfaction. RESULTS: The global QoR-15 scores at postoperative day 1 (POD1) were significantly higher in the S-ketamine group than in the control group (124 [119.5-128.0] vs. 119 [114.0-123.5], P = 0.002), with a median difference of 5 points (95% confidence interval [CI] [-8 to -2]). Similarly, the global QoR-15 scores at postoperative day 2 (POD2) in the S-ketamine group were significantly higher than in the control group (140.0 [133.0-145.0] vs. 132.0 [126.5-141.5], P = 0.004). In addition, among the five subcomponents of the 15-item scale, S-ketamine group had a higher score in terms of physical comfort, pain, and emotional state both at POD1 and POD2. In terms of MMSE score, S-ketamine could promote the recovery of postoperative cognitive function at POD1, but not at POD2. Furthermore, the consumption of opioids, VAS score, and remedial analgesia in the S-ketamine group decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our findings support that general anesthesia with S-ketamine as a potential strategy showed high safety and could not only improve the quality of recovery mainly through improving pain, physical comfort, and emotional state but also promote the recovery of cognitive function on POD1 in patients undergoing MRM. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration No:ChiCTR2200057226, Date of registration: 04/03/2022).
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Analgésicos Opioides , Neoplasias da Mama , Humanos , Feminino , Remifentanil , Sufentanil/uso terapêutico , Mastectomia Radical Modificada , Estudos Prospectivos , Mastectomia , Anestesia Geral/efeitos adversos , Dor/etiologia , Cognição , Dor Pós-Operatória/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Graphs can model complicated interactions between entities, which naturally emerge in many important applications. These applications can often be cast into standard graph learning tasks, in which a crucial step is to learn low-dimensional graph representations. Graph neural networks (GNNs) are currently the most popular model in graph embedding approaches. However, standard GNNs in the neighborhood aggregation paradigm suffer from limited discriminative power in distinguishing high-order graph structures as opposed to low-order structures. To capture high-order structures, researchers have resorted to motifs and developed motif-based GNNs. However, the existing motif-based GNNs still often suffer from less discriminative power on high-order structures. To overcome the above limitations, we propose motif GNN (MGNN), a novel framework to better capture high-order structures, hinging on our proposed motif redundancy minimization operator and injective motif combination. First, MGNN produces a set of node representations with respect to each motif. The next phase is our proposed redundancy minimization among motifs which compares the motifs with each other and distills the features unique to each motif. Finally, MGNN performs the updating of node representations by combining multiple representations from different motifs. In particular, to enhance the discriminative power, MGNN uses an injective function to combine the representations with respect to different motifs. We further show that our proposed architecture increases the expressive power of GNNs with a theoretical analysis. We demonstrate that MGNN outperforms state-of-the-art methods on seven public benchmarks on both the node classification and graph classification tasks.
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Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael) is a solitary endoparasitoid of lepidopteran pests and a good candidate for the control of Spodoptera frugiperda. To elucidate the structure of the female reproductive apparatus, which may play a role in facilitating successful parasitism, we presented the description of the morphology and ultrastructure of the whole female reproductive system in a thelytokous strain of M. pulchricornis. Its reproductive system includes a pair of ovaries without specialized ovarian tissues, a branched venom gland, a venom reservoir, and a single Dufour gland. Each ovariole contains follicles and oocytes at different stages of maturation. A fibrous layer, possibly an egg surface protector, coats the surface of mature eggs. The venom gland consists of secretory units (including secretory cells and ducts) with abundant mitochondria, vesicles and end apparatuses in the cytoplasm, and a lumen. The venom reservoir is comprised of a muscular sheath, epidermal cells with few end apparatuses and mitochondria, and a large lumen. Furthermore, venosomes are produced by secretory cells and delivered into the lumen via the ducts. As a result, myriad venosomes are observed in the venom gland filaments and the venom reservoir, suggesting that they may function as a parasitic factor and have important roles in effective parasitism.
RESUMO
Microplitis manilae Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an important parasitoid of agricultural pests in lepidopteran species. So far, two extant genome assembles from the genus Microplitis are fragmented. Here, we offered a high-quality genome assembly of M. manilae at the chromosome level with high accuracy and contiguity, assembled by ONT long-read, MGI-SEQ short-read, and Hi-C sequencing methods. The final assembled genome size was 282.85 Mb, with 268.17 Mb assigned to 11 pseudochromosomes. The scaffold N50 length was 25.23 Mb, and the complete BUSCO score was 98.61%. The genome contained 152.37 Mb of repetitive elements, representing 53.87% of the total genome size. We predicted 15,689 protein-coding genes, of which 13,580 genes were annotated functionally. Gene family evolution investigations of M. manilae revealed 615 expanded and 635 contracted gene families. The high-quality genome of M. manilae reported in this paper will be a useful genomic resource for research on parasitoid wasps in the future.