RESUMO
Black cisgender sexually minoritized men (SMM) and transgender women (TW) are subgroups at highest risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the US. We sought to identify factors facilitating continued conversations - social reinforcement - surrounding HIV/STI prevention among this subgroup. Participants were recruited in Chicago from 2018 to 2019 from community health spaces. Participants provided information about themselves (level 2) and ⩽5 confidants (level 1). We used multinomial multilevel modeling to identify associations with HIV/STI prevention conversation frequency. A total of 370 participants provided information on 987 confidants (mean = 2.6). We found significantly positive associations between having biweekly or more often HIV/STI prevention conversations and a confidant being a kin family member, older by 15 years or more, racially homophilous, and emotionally close. Future interventions should harness social networks by including components that consider racial homophily, respect for elders, and strong ties, in addition to applying kin family systems interventions approaches and decreasing stigma surrounding HIV/STIs.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Rede Social , Humanos , Masculino , Chicago/epidemiologia , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Pessoas Transgênero/psicologia , Pessoas Transgênero/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Apoio Social , Comunicação , Estigma Social , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero/psicologia , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Sexual/psicologiaRESUMO
The bony window technique refers to cutting the intact bone plate to form a bone window and a free bone block to get access to lesions under the bone. At the end of the surgery, the dislocated bony lid needs to be repositioned to its original position. In endodontic microsurgery, compared with conventional osteotomy, the bony window technique has the advantages of improving the view of surgery and operability, reducing postoperative bone defects, promoting bone healing, and maintaining the integrity of the jaw outline. Accurate positioning and preparation of the bony window are important prerequisites for subsequent operations during the surgery, but it's difficult in some situations, such as when the operative area is located posteriorly or the bone cortex on the lesion surface is thick and intact. What's more, whether the free bone block can be stabilized in situ after repositioning is closely related to the prognosis of the surgery. The complementary application of digital navigation technology and bone cavity filling materials may help to improve the bony window technique and provide more possibilities for the retention of affected teeth in difficult cases.