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Perception of color as a task-relevant stimulus can affect cognition and behavior in the flanker task; however, it remains unclear whether it has the same impact when it is a task-irrelevant stimulus dimension. To this end, we applied four-letter flanker tasks with or without colored (red/blue) to 23 healthy young adults, while recording the event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral performance. The flanker task included four kinds of color types: non-color letter (NC), all color letter (AC), flanker color letter (FC), and target color letter (TC), each flanker task included congruent and incongruent conditions. The behavioral data demonstrated the classic conflict effect across all color types of flanker tasks in both reaction times (RTs) and accuracy, the significant interaction and main effect of color type factors were only observed in accuracy. The ERP results showed significant interaction between conflict factor (congruent, incongruent) and color type (NC, AC, FC, and TC), and the color type factor enhanced the fronto-central P2 (180-200 ms), descended the fronto-centro-parietal N2b (260-320 ms), and increased the fronto-central P3b (360-520 ms). The fronto-central P2 and the fronto-central P3b were larger for TC than NC, AC, and FC in the congruent condition, while the fronto-central P3b was smaller for NC than AC, FC, and TC in the incongruent condition. Furthermore, the fronto-centro-parietal N2b was decreased successively in NC, AC, FC, and TC in both congruent and incongruent conditions. Overall, our findings suggested that the task-irrelevant stimuli dimension of color can capture some attentional resources and is affected by the location of color (target/flanker) and the type of task trial (congruent/incongruent) in the flanker task.
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As a part of the overall information-processing system of the brain, postural control is related to the cognitive processes of working memory. Previous studies have suggested that cognitive tasks and postural control processes can compete for resources in common brain areas, although there is an "inverted U" relationship between arousal level and behavioral control - the arousal level of individuals changes when performing cognitive tasks. However, the exact neural connections between the two are unclear. This may be related to the nature of cognitive tasks. Some studies believe that posture occupies not only spatial information processing resources but also visual non-spatial information processing resources. Other studies believe that posture control only occupies spatial information processing resources in the central system, but does not occupy non-spatial information processing resources. Previous studies used different cognitive task materials and reached different conclusions. In this study, we used the same visuospatial and non-spatial materials, the n-back visual working memory paradigm, the event-related potential technique to investigate the effects of visuospatial and non-spatial working memory tasks on adolescents' postural control under different cognitive loads. The results of this study showed that in both visuospatial and non-spatial conditions, the N1 effect of the parieto-occipital lobe was larger during upright posture than in the sitting position (160-180 ms), the P300 effect of the central parieto-occipital region (280-460 ms) was induced by working memory in different postures, and the P300 wave amplitude was higher in the sitting position than in the upright position. We demonstrated that upright postural control enhances early selective attention but interferes with central memory encoding, thus confirming that postural control and visuospatial and non-spatial working memory share brain regions and compete with each other.
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In mice, skin-resident type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) exhibit some ILC3-like characteristics. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we observed lower expression of the ILC2 master regulator GATA3 specifically in cutaneous ILC2s (cILC2s) compared with canonical ILC2s, in line with its functionally divergent role in transcriptional control in cILC2s. Decreased levels of GATA3 enabled the expansion of RORγt fate-mapped (RORγtfm+) cILC2s after postnatal days, displaying certain similarities to ILC3s. Single-cell trajectory analysis showed a sequential promotion of the RORγtfm+ cILC2 divergency by RORγt and GATA3. Notably, during hair follicle recycling, these RORγtfm+ cILC2s accumulated around the hair follicle dermal papilla (DP) region to facilitate the process. Mechanistically, we found that GATA3-mediated integrin α3ß1 upregulation on RORγtfm+ cILC2s was required for their positioning around the DP. Overall, our study demonstrates a distinct regulatory role of GATA3 in cILC2s, particularly in promoting the divergence of RORγtfm+ cILC2s to facilitate hair follicle recycling.
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Fator de Transcrição GATA3 , Folículo Piloso , Imunidade Inata , Linfócitos , Pele , Animais , Fator de Transcrição GATA3/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição GATA3/genética , Folículo Piloso/metabolismo , Camundongos , Linfócitos/metabolismo , Linfócitos/imunologia , Pele/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Membro 3 do Grupo F da Subfamília 1 de Receptores Nucleares/metabolismo , Membro 3 do Grupo F da Subfamília 1 de Receptores Nucleares/genética , Diferenciação CelularRESUMO
A prominent cause of cancer-related fatalities with a poor prognosis is lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). KIF5A, a crucial member of the kinesin superfamily, is linked to drug resistance in malignancies. This work aims to investigate the mechanism of KIF5A in docetaxel (DTX) resistance in LUAD cells. The results of bioinformatics analysis, qRT-PCR and western blot analysis show that KIF5A, which is involved in the glycolysis pathway, is highly expressed in LUAD and is positively correlated with glycolysis-related genes. We further verify that silencing of KIF5A inhibits DTX resistance, glycolysis, and lactate production in LUAD cells via cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, Seahorse XFe 96, lactate, and glucose assays. Mechanistically, KIF5A promotes DTX resistance in LUAD, and this effect is attenuated upon the addition of an LDHA inhibitor. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays reveal that FOXP3 transcriptionally activates KIF5A. Knockdown of FOXP3 reduces lactate production and enhances DTX sensitivity in LUAD, which is restored upon simultaneous overexpression of KIF5A. Our findings reveal that FOXP3 increases DTX resistance in LUAD cells by enhancing lactate production through the upregulation of KIF5A level. In conclusion, our study provides a novel treatment target for improving chemosensitivity in LUAD.
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Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão , Docetaxel , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead , Cinesinas , Ácido Láctico , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Cinesinas/genética , Cinesinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/genética , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/patologia , Docetaxel/farmacologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Ácido Láctico/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Glicólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicólise/genéticaRESUMO
Advances in neuroimaging techniques during the past few decades have captured impaired functional brain activity in migraine disorders, yet the molecular mechanisms accounting for its alterations in migraine remain largely unknown. A total of 27 patients with episodic migraine (EM) and 30 matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Regional homogeneity (ReHo), low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) of fMRI were compared between the two groups. Based on the Allen Human Brain Atlas and risk genes in migraine, we identified gene expression profiles associated with ReHo alterations in EM. Compared with HCs, patients with EM showed increased ReHo in the left orbital part of the superior frontal gyrus (P < 0.05, cluster-level FWE-corrected). The expression profiles of 16 genes were significantly correlated with ReHo alterations in EM (P < 0.05/5,013, Bonferroni corrected). These genes were mainly enriched for transcription regulation, synaptic transmission, energy metabolism, and migraine disorders. Furthermore, the neural activation was positively correlated with Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA) scores. To test the stability of our results, we repeated our procedure by using ALFF and fALFF and found these results had a high degree of consistency. Overall, these findings not only demonstrated that regional brain activity was increased in patients with EM, which was associated with emotional regulation but also provided new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying these changes in migraine.
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Hydrogen production from photocatalysis via the usage of multicomponent photocatalysts represents a promising pathway for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, owing to their structural advantages in dealing with the three crucial processes in photocatalysis, namely, light harvesting, charge transfer, and surface redox reactions. We demonstrate the fabrication of a MOF-based multicomponent photocatalyst, denoted as semiconductor/MOF/cocatalyst, by a one-pot electrochemical synthetic route. The as-fabricated multicomponent photocatalyst has a clean interface among the components, leading to close connections that contribute to high-quality heterojunction and facilitate photogenerated charge transfer and separation, thereby the efficient hydrogen evolution. The hydrogen production rate of the resultant ZrO2 /Zr-MOF/Pt is 1327â µmol â g-1 â h-1 , which is much higher than that of ZrO2 /Zr-MOF (15â µmol â g-1 â h-1 ) and pure Zr-MOF (10.1â µmol â g-1 â h-1 ), as well as the photodeposited-Pt products ZrO2 /Zr-MOF/PtPD (287â µmol â g-1 â h-1 ) and Zr-MOF/PtPD (192â µmol â g-1 â h-1 ) obtained by the step-wise synthetic approach. The work gives a good inspiration for the rational design and construction of MOF-based multicomponent photocatalysts through the one-pot electrosynthesis.
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Chronic hyperglycaemia is a devastating factor that causes diabetes-induced damage to the retina and kidney. However, the precise mechanism by which hyperglycaemia drives apoptotic cell death is incompletely known. Herein, we found that FOXD1, a FOX family transcription factor specifically expressed in the retina and kidney, regulated the transcription of BCL-2, a master regulator of cell survival. Intriguingly, the protein level of FOXD1, which responded negatively to hyperglycaemic conditions, was controlled by the TRIM21-mediated K48-linked polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. The TRIM21-FOXD1-BCL-2 signalling axis was notably active during diabetes-induced damage to murine retinal and renal tissues. Furthermore, we found that tartary buckwheat flavonoids effectively reversed the downregulation of FOXD1 protein expression and thus restored BCL-2 expression and facilitated the survival of retinal and renal tissues. In summary, we identified a transcription factor responsible for BCL-2 expression, a signalling axis (TRM21-FOXD1-BCL-2) underlying hyperglycaemia-triggered apoptosis, and a potential treatment for deleterious diabetic complications.
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Diabetes Mellitus , Hiperglicemia , Animais , Camundongos , Apoptose/genética , Diabetes Mellitus/genética , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/genética , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/metabolismo , Hiperglicemia/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genéticaRESUMO
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a clinically common, progressive, devastating, chronic inflammatory disease of the intestine that is recurrent and difficult to treat. Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) is a protein complex composed of multiple proteins whose formation activates cysteine aspartate protease-1 (caspase-1) to induce the maturation and secretion of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-18, promoting the development of inflammatory responses. Recent studies have shown that NLRP3 is associated with UC susceptibility, and that it maintains a stable intestinal environment by responding to a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. The mainstay of treatment for UC is to control inflammation and relieve symptoms. Despite a certain curative effect, there are problems such as easy recurrence after drug withdrawal and many side effects associated with long-term medication. NLRP3 serves as a core link in the inflammatory response. If the relationship between NLRP3 and gut microbes and inflammation-associated factors can be analyzed concerning its related inflammatory signaling pathways, its expression status as well as specific mechanism in the course of IBD can be elucidated and further considered for clinical diagnosis and treatment of IBD, it is expected that the development of lead compounds targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome can be developed for the treatment of IBD. Research into the prevention and treatment of UC, which has become a hotbed of research in recent years, has shown that natural products are rich in therapeutic means, and multi-targets, with fewer adverse effects. Natural products have shown promise in treating UC in numerous basic and clinical trials over the past few years. This paper describes the regulatory role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in UC and the mechanism of recent natural products targeting NLRP3 against UC, which provides a reference for the clinical treatment of this disease.
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In this study, through analysis of the genome of Eleutherococcus senticosus (ES). 228 AP2/ERF genes were identified and classified into 5 groups AP2 (47 genes), ERF (108 genes), RAV (6 genes), DREB (64 genes), and soloist (3 genes). According to the AP2/ERF classification of Arabidopsis thaliana, the ES AP2/ERF proteins were subdivided into 15 groups. The gene structure and motifs of each group of AP2/ERF in ES were highly similar, which confirmed the conservation of AP2/ERF genes. The ES AP2/ERF genes were unevenly distributed on chromosomes, and a total of four pairs of tandem repeats, and 84 co-linear gene pairs were found, so the AP2/ERF genes expanded in a fragment replication manner, and dominated by pure selection during evolution. By analyzing the transcriptome data of ES under different drought stress conditions, 87 AP2/ERF genes with differential expression were obtained, of which 10 genes with highly significant differences were further analyzed and screened for qRT-PCR validation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the AP2/ERF gene of Eleutherococcus senticosus, and the bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation provided valuable information about them, which is of great significance for further research on the molecular mechanisms of ES in response to drought stress.
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Gut microbes constitute the main microbiota in the human body, which can regulate biological processes such as immunity, cell proliferation, and differentiation, hence playing a specific function in intestinal diseases. In recent years, gut microbes have become a research hotspot in the pharmaceutical field. Because of their enormous number, diversity, and functional complexity, gut microbes have essential functions in the development of many digestive diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory disease with a complex etiology, the exact cause and pathogenesis are unclear. There are no medicines that can cure IBD, and more research on therapeutic drugs is urgently needed. It has been reported that gut microbes play a critical role in pathogenesis, and there is a tight and complex association between gut microbes and IBD. The dysregulation of gut microbes may be a predisposing factor for IBD, and at the same time, IBD may exacerbate gut microbes' disorders, but the mechanism of interaction between the two is still not well defined. The study of the relationship between gut microbes and IBD is not only important to elucidate the pathogenesis but also has a positive effect on the treatment based on the regimen of regulating gut microbes. This review describes the latest research progress on the functions of gut microbes and their relationship with IBD, which can provide reference and assistance for further research. It may provide a theoretical basis for the application of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and other therapeutic methods to regulate gut microbes in IBD.
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Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Microbiota , Probióticos , Humanos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Transplante de Microbiota FecalRESUMO
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can colonize plant root surfaces or form biofilms to promote plant growth and enhance plant resistance to harsh external environments. However, plant-PGPR interactions, especially chemical signaling molecules, are poorly understood. This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the rhizosphere interaction mechanisms between PGPR and tomato plants. This study found that inoculation with a certain concentration of Pseudomonas stutzeri significantly promoted tomato growth and induced significant changes in tomato root exudates. Furthermore, the root exudates significantly induced NRCB010 growth, swarming motility, and biofilm formation. In addition, the composition of the root exudates was analyzed, and four metabolites (methyl hexadecanoate, methyl stearate, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, and n-hexadecanoic acid) significantly related to the chemotaxis and biofilm formation of NRCB010 were screened. Further assessment showed that these metabolites positively affected the growth, swarming motility, chemotaxis, or biofilm formation of strain NRCB010. Among these, n-hexadecanoic acid induced the most remarkable growth, chemotactic response, biofilm formation, and rhizosphere colonization. This study will help develop effective PGPR-based bioformulations to improve PGPR colonization and crop yields.
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Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder that has become a major health problem worldwide. In this study, we investigated the role of rutin in attenuating diabetes and preventing diabetes-related colon lesions in mice potentially through regulation of gut microbiota. The rutin from tartary buckwheat as analyzed by HPLC was administered intragastrically to diabetic mice, and then the biochemical parameters, overall community structure and composition of gut microbiota in diabetic mice were assayed. The results showed that rutin lowered serum glucose and improved serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride concentrations, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and serum insulin in diabetic mice. Notably, rutin obviously alleviated colon lesions in diabetic mice. Moreover, rutin also significantly regulated gut microbiota dysbiosis and enriched beneficial microbiota, such as Akkermansia (p < 0.05). Rutin selectively increased short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria, such as Alistipes (p < 0.05) and Roseburia (p < 0.05), and decreased the abundance of diabetes-related gut microbiota, such as Escherichia (p < 0.05) and Mucispirillum (p < 0.05). Our data suggested that rutin exerted an antidiabetic effect and alleviated colon lesions in diabetic mice possibly by regulating gut microbiota dysbiosis, which might be a potential mechanism through which rutin alleviates diabetes-related symptoms.
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Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Enteropatias , Camundongos , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Rutina/farmacologia , Rutina/uso terapêutico , Disbiose/tratamento farmacológico , Bactérias , Colo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
Room-temperature thermoelectric materials are the key to miniaturizing refrigeration equipment and have great scientific and social implications, yet their application is hindered by their extreme scarcity. BiTe exhibiting strong spin-orbit coupling peaks ZT at 600â K. Herein, we discover the synergy effect of Sb doping in BiTe that eliminates the detrimental band inversion and leads to an overlap of conduction band (CB) and valence band that significantly increases the S from 33 to 124â µV K-1 . In addition, this effect enhances the µ from 58 to 92â cm2 â V-1 s-1 owing to the sharp increase in the CB slope along the Γ-A in the first Brillouin zone. Furthermore, Sb doping increases the anharmonicity, shortens the phonon lifetime and lowers κlat . Finally, Se/Sb codoping further optimizes the ZT to 0.6 at 300â K, suggesting that Bi0.6 Sb0.4 Te1-y Sey is a potential room-temperature TE material.
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Chinese nouns lack inflection and cannot reflect the quantitative relationship between singular and plural numbers. However, neural processes of picture naming are different from those of words. We assume that Chinese single and plural picture naming is different, and they may involve quantitative processing. Therefore, Experiment 1 was designed by picking picture naming as the task and Chinese as the target language and compared the accuracy, reaction time, and event-related potentials (ERPs) between single and plural picture naming, where two types of pictures were mixed. Although the T-test showed no significant differences in behavioral data, there were differences in ERPs. ERP differences involved two effects: P1 of 160-180 ms and P2 of 220-260 ms in the parietal-occipital lobe. These differences are suggested to reflect the neural differences in quantitative processing. Therefore, Chinese singular and plural picture naming consists of word production and implicit quantitative processing simultaneously. To explore the relationship between the two processings, we added a semantic factor (inanimate vs. animate items) to the quantity factor of Experiment 1 and carried out Experiment 2, with the observation indexes unchanged. There were no significant differences in behavioral data among the four conditions. After variance analysis, ERPs results indicated an interaction between semantic and quantitative factors in the central area at 180-280 ms. In summary, we suggest that Chinese singular and plural picture naming includes two simultaneous neural processing tasks: word production and quantitative processing, which interact in the central area at 180-280 ms.
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BACKGROUND: The thalamus plays a crucial role in transmitting nociceptive information to various cortical regions involving migraine-related allodynia and photophobia. Abnormal structural and functional alterations related to the thalamus have been well established. However, it is unknown whether the brain structure and function of the thalamic subregions are differentially affected in this disorder. In this study, we aimed to clarify this issue by comparing the structure and function of 16 thalamic subregions between patients with episodic migraine (EM) and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS: Twenty-seven patients with EM and 30 sex-, age- and education-matched HCs underwent resting-state functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging scans. Functional connectivity (rsFC), grey matter volume (GMV), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters of each subregion of the thalamus were calculated and compared between the two groups. Furthermore, correlation analyses between neuroimaging changes and clinical features were performed in this study. RESULTS: First, compared with HCs, patients with EM exhibited decreased rsFC between the anterior-medial-posterior subregions of the thalamus and brain regions mainly involved in the medial system of the pain processing pathway and default mode network (DMN). Second, for the whole thalamus and each of its subregions, there were no significant differences in GMV between patients with EM and HCs (P > 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). Third, there was no significant difference in DTI parameters between the two groups (P > 0.05). Finally, decreased rsFC was closely related to scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA) and Big Five Inventory (BFI) scales. CONCLUSION: Selective functional hypoconnectivity in the thalamic subregions provides neuroimaging evidence supporting the important role of thalamocortical pathway dysfunction in episodic migraine, specifically, that it may modulate emotion and different personality traits in migraine patients.
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Imagem de Tensor de Difusão , Transtornos de Enxaqueca , Encéfalo , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Excess nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) in surface waters adversely affect human and environmental health. Bacteria with the ability to remove nitrogen (N) have been isolated to reduce water pollution caused by the excessive use of N fertilizer. To obtain plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with salt tolerance and NO3--N removal abilities, bacterial strains were isolated from plant rhizosphere soils, their plant growth-promoting effects were evaluated using tomato in plate assays, and their NO3--N removal abilities were tested under different salinity, initial pH, carbon source, and agriculture wastewater conditions. The results obtained showed that among the seven strains examined, five significantly increased the dry weight of tomato plants. Two strains, Pseudomonas stutzeri NRCB010 and Bacillus velezensis NRCB026, showed good plant growth-promoting effects, salinity resistance, and NO3--N removal abilities. The maximum NO3--N removal rates from denitrifying medium were recorded by NRCB010 (90.6%) and NRCB026 (92.0%) at pH 7.0. Higher NO3--N removal rates were achieved using glucose or glycerin as the sole carbon source. The total N (TN) removal rates of NRCB010 and NRCB026 were 90.6 and 66.7% in farmland effluents, respectively, and 79.9 and 81.6% in aquaculture water, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential of NRCB010 and NRCB026 in the development of novel biofertilizers and their use in reducing N pollution in water.
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Nitrogênio , Águas Residuárias , Agricultura , Bactérias , Carbono , Desnitrificação , Fertilizantes , Glucose , Glicerol , Humanos , Nitratos , Nitritos , Dióxido de Nitrogênio , Solo , ÁguaRESUMO
Tartary buckwheat flavonoids (TBFs) exhibit diverse biological activities, with antioxidant, antidiabetes, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-lowering properties. In this study, we investigated the role of TBFs in attenuating glucose and lipid disturbances in diabetic mice and hence preventing the occurrence of diabetes-related colon lesions in mice by regulating the gut microbiota. The results showed that TBFs (1) reversed blood glucose levels and body weight changes; (2) improved levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and fasting insulin; and (3) significantly reduced diabetes-related colon lesions in diabetic mice. In addition, TBFs also affected the diabetes-related imbalance of the gut microbiota and enriched beneficial microbiota, including Akkermansia and Prevotella. The TBF also selectively increased short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, including Roseburia and Odoribacter, and decreased the abundance of the diabetes-related gut microbiota, including Escherichia, Mucispirillum, and Bilophila. The correlation analysis indicated that TBFs improved metabolic parameters related to key communities of the gut microbiota. Our data suggested that TBFs alleviated glucose and lipid disturbances and improved colon lesions in diabetic mice, possibly by regulating the community composition of the gut microbiota. This regulation of the gut microbiota composition may explain the observed effects of TBFs to alleviate diabetes-related symptoms.
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During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, we considered the case of a child with developmental language disorder (DLD) who could not go to the hospital on time to receive timely rehabilitation treatment due to disrupted hospital operations. The application of cloud-based rehabilitation platforms has provided significant advantages and convenience for children with DLD in-home remote rehabilitation. Among them, the JingYun Rehab Cloud Platform is the most widely used in mainland China. It is an interactive telerehabilitation system developed by Weixin Huang that delivers personalized home rehabilitation for special education children. In this study, we used the JingYun Rehab Cloud Platform to investigate the extent to which cloud-based rehabilitation is effective for children with DLD in terms of language and cognitive outcomes. This was a prospective cohort study including all children who were evaluated and diagnosed with DLD through Sign-Significant Relations and were followed up at the rehabilitation clinic of our institute. We followed 162 children with DLD for 3 months, including 84 children with DLD who participated in remote cloud-based rehabilitation on the JingYun Rehab Cloud Platform and 78 children with DLD as the control group who underwent home-based rehabilitation. Language abilities of both groups were assessed using the Chinese version of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised. Several measures of training performance (language, memory, and cognition tasks) were assessed before and after cloud-based rehabilitation in the remote cloud-based rehabilitation group. Children with DLD in the cloud-based rehabilitation group performed significantly better in language abilities, as assessed by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised, than children with DLD in the control group. Furthermore, for children who participated in remote cloud-based rehabilitation, the frequency of training sessions was proportional to their performance on language, memory, and cognition tasks. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of cloud-based rehabilitation on the JingYun Rehab Cloud Platform in treating children with DLD.
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COVID-19 , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Criança , Computação em Nuvem , Humanos , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/diagnóstico , Testes de Linguagem , Pandemias , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Body weight and adiposity represent biologically controlled parameters that are influenced by a combination of genetic, developmental and environmental variables. Although the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in matching caloric intake with energy expenditure to achieve a stable body weight, it is now recognized that neuronal circuits in the hindbrain not only serve to produce nausea and to terminate feeding in response to food consumption or during pathological states, but also contribute to the long-term control of body weight. Additionally, recent work has identified hindbrain neurons that are capable of suppressing food intake without producing aversive responses like those associated with nausea. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of the hindbrain neurons that control feeding, particularly those located in the area postrema and the nucleus tractus solitarius. We frame this information in the context of new atlases of hindbrain neuronal populations and develop a model of the hindbrain circuits that control food intake and energy balance, suggesting important areas for additional research.