RESUMO
The application of pressure sensors based on perovskite in high-humidity environments is limited by the effect of water on their stability. Endowing sensors with superhydrophobicity is an effective strategy to overcome the issue. In this work, MAPbBr3/Polyvinylidene Fluoride-TFSI composite was prepared by a one-step in-situ strategy to form a flexible superhydrophobic pressure sensor, which exhibited a contact angle of 150.25°. The obtained sensor exhibited a sensitivity of 0.916 in 1 kPa, a detection limit of 0.2 Pa, a precision of 0.1 Pa, and a response/recovery of â¼100 ms, along with good thermal stability. Through density functional theory calculations, it is revealed that the formation of the porosity is attributed to the interaction between the polymer and EMIM TFSI, which further leads to superhydrophobicity. And, the perovskite structure is easy to change under pressure, affecting the carrier transport and electrical signals output, which explains the sensing mechanism. In addition, the sensor performed well in monitoring facial expression, pulse, respiration, finger bending, and wind speed ranging from 1 m/s to 6 m/s. With both the Linear Regression and the Random Forest algorithm, the sensor can monitor the wind speed with an R2 greater than 0.977 in 60 tests.
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The RNA regulatory network is a complex and dynamic regulation in plant cells involved in mRNA modification, translation, and degradation. Ras-GAP SH3 domain-binding protein (G3BP) is a scaffold protein for the assembly of stress granules (SGs) and is considered an antiviral component in mammals. However, the function of G3BP during virus infection in plants is still largely unknown. In this study, four members of the G3BP-like proteins (NtG3BPLs) were identified in Nicotiana tabacum and the expression levels of NtG3BPL1 were upregulated during chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) infection. NtG3BPL1 was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, forming cytoplasmic granules under transient high-temperature treatment, whereas the abundance of cytoplasmic granules was decreased under ChiVMV infection. Overexpression of NtG3BPL1 inhibited ChiVMV infection and delayed the onset of symptoms, whereas knockout of NtG3BPL1 promoted ChiVMV infection. In addition, NtG3BPL1 directly interacted with ChiVMV 6K2 protein, whereas 6K2 protein had no effect on NtG3BPL1-derived cytoplasmic granules. Further studies revealed that the expression of NtG3BPL1 reduced the chloroplast localization of 6K2-GFP and the NtG3BPL1-6K2 interaction complex was localized in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, NtG3BPL1 promoted the degradation of 6K2 through autophagy pathway, and the accumulation of 6K2 and ChiVMV was affected by autophagy activation or inhibition in plants. Taken together, our results demonstrate that NtG3BPL1 plays a positive role in tobacco resistance against ChiVMV infection, revealing a novel mechanism of plant G3BP in antiviral strategy.
Assuntos
Nicotiana , Doenças das Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas , Nicotiana/virologia , Nicotiana/genética , Nicotiana/metabolismo , Doenças das Plantas/virologia , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Resistência à Doença/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Potyvirus/fisiologiaRESUMO
As an important medicinal plant, Panax notoginseng often suffers from various abiotic and biotic stresses during its growth, such as drought, heavy metals, fungi, bacteria and viruses. In this study, the symptom and physiological parameters of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-infected P. notoginseng were analyzed and the RNA-seq was performed. The results showed that CMV infection affected the photosynthesis of P. notoginseng, caused serious oxidative damage to P. notoginseng and increased the activity of several antioxidant enzymes. Results of transcriptome analysis and corresponding verification showed that CMV infection changed the expression of genes related to plant defense and promoted the synthesis of P. notoginseng saponins to a certain extent, which may be defensive ways of P. notoginseng against CMV infection. Furthermore, pretreatment plants with saponins reduced the accumulation of CMV. Thus, our results provide new insights into the role of saponins in P. notoginseng response to virus infection.
Assuntos
Cucumovirus , Infecções por Citomegalovirus , Panax notoginseng , Saponinas , Saponinas/farmacologia , Panax notoginseng/genética , Panax notoginseng/metabolismo , Cucumovirus/genética , Cucumovirus/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas , Homeostase , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/metabolismoRESUMO
Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV), a member of the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae, causes severe diseases and poses a great threat to solanaceous crops. Reverse genetics technology is an efficient tool to facilitate the study of virus biology and pathogenicity. However, the construction of an infectious cDNA clone of ChiVMV is yet to be reported. In this study, full-length cDNA infectious clones of ChiVMV and GFP-tagged ChiVMV were constructed using yeast homologous recombination for the first time. These infectious clones were able to successfully infect host plants (Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana tabacum and Solanum lycopersicum) by Agrobacterium-mediated infiltration and cause vein banding and leaf curling symptoms. Mutations were introduced to pChiVMV-GFP to investigate the role of key amino acids in ChiVMV 6K2. The results showed that substitution mutants of leucine (L9, 11) to alanine acid (A), tryptophan (W15) to alanine acid (A), and glycine (G29, 33) to valine acid (V) reduced the viral accumulation and the mutant clones were unable to induce the symptoms in N. benthamiana plants. Taken together, these infectious clones we developed will be effective tools for future studies of the function of viral factors encoded by ChiVMV and the interactions between ChiVMV and its different host plants.
Assuntos
Potyvirus , DNA Complementar/genética , DNA Complementar/metabolismo , Potyvirus/genética , Nicotiana , Alanina , Células Clonais , Doenças das PlantasRESUMO
MAIN CONCLUSION: G6PDH negatively regulates viral accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana through RBOHB-associated ROS signaling. Anti-oxidative metabolism and phytohormone-mediated immunity responses play important roles in virus infection. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) is an enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, which plays an important role in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis and has functions in plant growth, development and stress tolerance. However, the role of G6PDH in plants response to virus infection is poorly understood. In this study, NbG6PDH was found to be down-regulated after Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV-GFP) infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Subcellular localization of NbG6PDH showed that it was punctate distributed in the protoplasm. Silencing of NbG6PDH reduced the sensitivity of N. benthamiana plants to ChiVMV-GFP. By contrast, transient overexpression of NbG6PDH promoted the accumulation of the virus. The results of physiological indexes showed that glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and proline played an important role in maintaining plants physiological homeostasis. The results of gene expression detection showed that jasmonic acid/ethylene (JA/ET) signaling pathway was significantly correlated with the response of N. benthamiana to ChiVMV-GFP infection, and the changes of N. benthamiana respiratory burst oxidase homologues B (NbRBOHB) indicated that the NbG6PDH-dependent ROS may be regulated by NbRBOHB. Pretreatment of the inducer of reactive oxygen species (ROS) promoted virus infection, whereas inhibitor of ROS alleviated virus infection. Thus, our results indicate that the promoting effect of NbG6PDH on ChiVMV-GFP infection may be related to the NbRBOHB-regulated ROS production.
Assuntos
Nicotiana , Potyvirus , Catalase/metabolismo , Etilenos/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/genética , Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Doenças das Plantas , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Prolina/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Nicotiana/metabolismoRESUMO
Phosphorus is one of the macro-elements required by plants, but phosphate (Pi), the only form that can be absorbed by plants, is always limited for plant growth and development. To adapt to Pi deficiency, plants have evolved a complex regulatory system to improve Pi acquisition and utilization efficiency. In this study, metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed to exam the global metabolites and gene expressions profiles responding to Pi deficiency in rice. A total of 23 metabolites were co-changed in leaves and roots after Pi deficiency, with sucrose, trehalose and melibiose significant accumulated. A total of 779 genes were co-changed in these leaves and roots. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes and differentially accumulated metabolites were co-enriched in galactose metabolism. Further exogenous sugars supply with rice roots could induce Pi starvation responsiveness and the expression of OsPHR2, which codes the central regulator for Pi starvation responsiveness in rice. This work revealed the interaction between sugars and phosphate in rice, and the importance of OsPHR2 in this interaction.
Assuntos
Oryza , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Oryza/genética , Oryza/metabolismo , Fosfatos , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/genética , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Açúcares/metabolismo , TranscriptomaRESUMO
Brain-inspired nanodevices have been demonstrated to possess outstanding characteristics for implementing neuromorphic computing. Among these devices, photoelectrically modulated neuromorphic transistors are regarded as the basic building blocks for applications in emerging brain-like devices. However, to date, efficient optoelectronic-hybrid neuromorphic devices are still lacking. Because conventional transistors based on mono-semiconductor materials cannot absorb adequate light to ensure efficient light-matter interactions, they pose significant challenges to the synchronous processing of photoelectric information. Here, a novel photoelectrically modulated neuromorphic device based on an ion-coupling gate-tunable vertical 0D-CsPbBr3-quantum-dots/2D-MoS2 hybrid-dimensional van der Waals heterojunction is demonstrated by using a polymer ion gel electrolyte as the gate dielectric. A super-efficient heterojunction interface for photo-carrier transport is developed by integrating CsPbBr3 quantum dots with 2D-layered MoS2 semiconductors. We experimentally demonstrate that the drain-source current can be modulated by applying spikes to the drain and gate terminals, and the conductance can also be tuned by external light stimulus. Most importantly, photoelectrically modulated spiking Boolean logics, dendritic integrations in both temporal and spatial modes, and Hebbian learning rules can be successfully mimicked in our proposed hybrid-dimensional device using this intriguing optical and electrical synergy approach. These results suggest that the proposed device has great potential in intelligent cognitive systems and neuromorphic computing applications.
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Optoelectronic-neuromorphic transistors are vital for next-generation nanoscale brain-like computational systems. However, the hardware implementation of optoelectronic-neuromorphic devices, which are based on conventional transistor architecture, faces serious challenges with respect to the synchronous processing of photoelectric information. This is because mono-semiconductor material cannot absorb adequate light to ensure efficient light-matter interactions. In this work, a novel neuromorphic-photoelectric device of vertical van der Waals heterojunction phototransistors based on a colloidal 0D-CsPbBr3 -quantum-dots/2D-MoS2 heterojunction channel is proposed using a polymer ion gel electrolyte as the gate dielectric. A highly efficient photocarrier transport interface is established by introducing colloidal perovskite quantum dots with excellent light absorption capabilities on the 2D-layered MoS2 semiconductor with strong carrier transport abilities. The device exhibits not only high photoresponsivity but also fundamental synaptic characteristics, such as excitatory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, dynamic temporal filter, and light-tunable synaptic plasticity. More importantly, efficiency-adjustable photoelectronic Pavlovian conditioning and photoelectronic hybrid neuronal coding behaviors can be successfully implemented using the optical and electrical synergy approach. The results suggest that the proposed device has potential for applications associated with next-generation brain-like photoelectronic human-computer interactions and cognitive systems.
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Heavy metal pollution may affect plant growth. The focus of this study was to explore remediation agents that alleviate cadmium toxicity in plants. The Citrus maxima (grapefruit) seedlings were cultivated for 10 days under hydroponic conditions amended with different concentrations of Cd2+ (50 and 200â¯mg/L) and CDs (600 and 900â¯mg/L). Our observations on roots and leaves showed that, the plant exposed to 200â¯mg/L Cd2+ alone was damaged, supported by the changes in anthocyanin contents, activity of antioxidant enzymes and cell membrane peroxidation damage (up to 35.8-45%). However, the physiological properties of the plant were improved upon exposed to 200â¯mg/L Cd2+ plus 900â¯mg/L CDs; it can be ascribed to Cd2+ sorption to the co-exposed CDs which reduced its freely dissolved concentration by more than 22.5%, thus significantly reducing the amount of Cd2+ entered the plant roots by 50.7-89.4%. Due to the oxidative stress induced by Cd2+ exposure at 200â¯mg/L, expression of glutathione-producing genes was up-regulated by 30-360% relative to the control, while the genes expression upon exposure to 200â¯mg/L Cd2+ and 900â¯mg/L CDs was reduced by 48.4-91.5% relative to that exposed to 200â¯mg/L Cd2+ alone. However, detoxification of CDs on plant leaves at 600â¯mg/L was insignificant, because a portion of Cd2+ taken up by roots can be transported to leaves associated with the internalized CDs. Therefore, CDs can be utilized as a repair agent to mitigate toxicity of Cd2+ to plant especially at a high amendment level (900â¯mg/L).