Healthy plant-based diet index as a determinant of bone mineral density in osteoporotic postmenopausal women: A case-control study.

Introduction: The association between plant-based diet indices and bone mineral density (BMD) of women with osteoporosis have not been studied in Iranian women. This study aimed to evaluate the association between plant-based diet indices and BMD in postmenopausal women with osteopenia/osteoporosis. Materials and methods: The present research was a case-control study conducted on 131 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis/osteopenia and 131 healthy women. The BMD of the femoral neck and lumbar vertebrae was measured by the Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXEA) method. Participants were asked to complete a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). We used three versions of plant-based diet indices, including plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI). Two different multivariable logistic regression was used for the crude and adjusted model to assess the relationship between PDI, hPDI, and uPDI with odds of femoral and lumbar BMD. Results: There was a reverse association between last tertile of hPDI with femoral BMD abnormality in the both adjusted model [Model 1: odds ratio (OR): 0.33; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.19-0.63 and Model 2: OR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.15-0.58, respectively]. Furthermore, we found a reverse relationship between hPDI with lumbar BMD abnormality in the first adjusted model (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.19-0.67). On the other hand, a negative association was observed in the second and last tertile of hPDI with lumbar BMD abnormality (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.24-0.90 and OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.17-0.64, respectively). According to the results, the association of femoral BMD abnormality in the last tertile of uPDI compared to the first tertile in the both adjusted models (Model 1: OR: 2.85; 95% CI: 1.52-5.36 and Model 2: OR: 2.63; 95% CI: 1.37-5.06) were significant. Also, we observed a positive relationship between the last tertile of uPDI with lumbar BMD abnormality compared to the lowest tertile in the both adjusted models (Model 1; OR: 4.16; 95% CI: 2.20-7.85, Model 2; OR: 4.23; 95% CI: 2.19-8.19). Conclusion: Overall, the findings indicated that in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, a healthy plant-based diet could prevent bone loss, and an unhealthy plant-based diet might have detrimental effects on BMD.

Effects of synbiotic supplementation on serum adiponectin and inflammation status of overweight and obese breast cancer survivors: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

PURPOSE: Adipokines and inflammatory factors can affect breast cancer (BC) prognosis and recurrence among breast cancer survivors (BCSs). This study was to evaluate the effects of synbiotic supplementation along with a low-calorie diet on some recurrence-related factors such as adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) among obese and overweight BCSs. METHODS: We performed a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial among 76 overweight or obese postmenopausal women with a history of hormone-receptor-positive BC. Participants were randomly divided into 2 groups to intake either 109 CFU/day synbiotic supplement or placebo (n = 38 each group) for 8 weeks. All participants were given a low-calorie diet program. The primary outcome was serum concentration of adiponectin which was measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. RESULTS: Compared with the placebo, synbiotic intake significantly increased adiponectin (+ 13.58 (10.08, 18.17) vs. - 0.42 (- 2.90, 1.98) µg/ml; P < 0.001). In addition, synbiotic supplementation resulted in significant reduction in TNF-α levels (- 17.09 (- 32.05, - 13.60) vs. 0.20 (- 3.97, 2.00) ng/L; P < 0.001) and hs-CRP levels (- 1.14 (- 1.90, - 0.88 vs. - 0.06 (- 0.38, 0.15) mg/L; P < 0.001) compared with the placebo. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, 8-week synbiotic consumption by overweight and obese postmenopausal BCSs had beneficial effects on adiponectin, TNF-α, and hs-CRP. TRIAL REGISTRATION: IRCT, IRCT20091114002709N49. Registered 18 May 2018, http://www.irct.ir : IRCT20091114002709N49.

Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Omentin-1 and Spexin Levels, Inflammatory Parameters, Lipid Profile, and Anthropometric Indices in Obese and Overweight Adults with Vitamin D Deficiency under Low-Calorie Diet: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Improved vitamin D levels can have a favorable effect on some metabolic variables. The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of vitamin D supplementation during a weight-loss intervention on the levels of omentin-1, spexin, lipid profiles, and inflammatory factors in obese and overweight participants. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 70 overweight and obese participants with vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D ≤ 20 nmol/L) were assigned into the intervention (a daily dose of 2,000 IU vitamin D + low-calorie diet) and placebo (placebo + low-calorie diet) groups for 8 weeks. Anthropometric parameters, serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), lipid profiles, omentin-1 and spexin levels, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) concentrations were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS: Vitamin D supplementation after the intervention led to a significant decrease in triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.02), very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) (P = 0.02), and hs-CRP (P = 0.03) concentrations and a significant increase in the serum vitamin D level (P < 0.001). Furthermore, after adjusting for baseline values, age, and baseline BMI, the levels of serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.01) increased significantly, and a significant reduction was observed in the concentration of sICAM-1 (P = 0.01) in the intervention group. However, we did not find any significant difference in serum omentin-1 and spexin concentrations between the groups after intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D supplementation along with a low-calorie diet (LCD) program for 8 weeks significantly decreased the inflammatory markers in obese individuals, while it did not alter serum omentin-1 and spexin concentrations.

The association of obesity and serum leptin levels with complete blood count and some serum biochemical parameters in Iranian overweight and obese individuals.

Background: Obesity has been suggested to be well correlated with altered levels of complete blood count (CBC) parameters. In this study, the relationship of body mass index (BMI) and circulating leptin levels with CBC among obese and overweight adults was examined. Methods: CBC and biochemical parameters, WBC and hematological profiles, leptin levels, related factors to liver, and kidney and lipid profiles were measured among 184 obese and overweight people aged 18-60 years. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. To assess the normality of data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. Logarithmic transformation was performed for some variables with non-normal distribution. The association between 2 quantitative variables was measured using bivariate correlation (Pearson or Spearman). Pearson correlations and multiple regression analysis were performed to assess the correlation between variables. Simple and multiple regression analyses were performed to predict some variables. P- value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Hematocrit, insulin, fasting blood sugar, uric acid, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and ALT were positively correlated with BMI (p=0.041, r=0.149 for hematocrit; p≤0.001, r=0.520 for insulin; p≤0.001, r=0.363 for FBS; p≤0.001, r=0.309 for uric acid; p=0.015, r=0.189 for TG; p=0.030, r=161 for LDL-C; p=0.019, r=0.181 for VLDL-C; p≤0.001, r=0.299 for ALT), whereas urea and HDL-C were negatively correlated with BMI (p≤0.001, r=-0.368 for urea; p≤0.001, r=-0.297 for HDL-C). Moreover, LDL-C and insulin were positively correlated with leptin (P = 0.011, r = 0.194 for LDL-C, P = 0.013, r = 0.114 for insulin) and hematocrit, urea, creatinine, TG and VLDL-C were negatively correlated with leptin (p=0.040, r=-0.162 for hematocrit; p≤0.001, r=-0.305 for urea; p=0.007, r=-0.219 for creatinine; p=0.025, r=0.188 for TG; p=0.007, r=-0.218 for VLDL-C). Our analysis showed that white blood cell was positively correlated with leptin (ß=17.36, p=0.048). Also, other CBC parameters had no significant correlations with BMI and leptin. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, BMI had a negative association with urea and HDL-C, while BMI had a positive association with insulin, hematocrit, FBS, uric acid, TG, VLDL-C, LDL-C, and ALT. Furthermore, leptin had a negative association with hematocrit, creatinine, and urea, TG, VLDL-C and a positive association with LDL-C and insulin among the participants of this study.

The Effect of Dietary Intervention Along with Nutritional Education on Reducing the Gastrointestinal Side Effects Caused by Chemotherapy Among Women with Breast Cancer.

Gastrointestinal (GI) side effects caused by chemotherapy in women with breast cancer are common but poorly understood which might be controlled by nutritional intervention. Thus, the major aim of this study was to assess the effect of dietary intervention along with nutritional education on reducing these side effects. The present study is a single-center, single-controlled, and randomized trial. A total of 150 patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy were randomly assigned into intervention group to receive dietary intervention and nutritional education (n = 73) or control group (n = 67) for 10 weeks, after their three sessions of chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was the GI symptoms after each session of chemotherapy that were measured by a designed questionnaire based on ROMIII questionnaire. The severity of GI side effects in the dietary intervention along with nutritional education was decreased significantly in the third session of chemotherapy compared to the first session, which include reflux disorder (P = 0.05), anorexia (P < 0.001), nausea (P = 0.002), constipation (P < 0.001), and diarrhea (P < 0.001). Moreover, significant reductions were observed in the severity of GI side effects in the intervention group compared to control group after the third session (P < 0.001). After adjusting the analysis for baseline values including age, job, education level, weight, and body mass index, significant changes were observed for GI side effects in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). This study showed beneficial effects of individualized dietary intervention along with nutritional education on reducing diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, and nausea in women with breast cancer during the chemotherapy.

Data on concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in roasted and fried chicken - A case study: Bushehr, Iran.

In the present data article, the presence and amount of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were surveyed in Iranian roasted and fried chicken in Bushehr restaurants. For data collection, 73 samples (including 36 Roasted chicken and 37 Fried chicken samples) were collected from local restaurants and various retail outlets of Bushehr, Iran. The concentrations of 16 PAHs were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results indicated that the total PAHs level was ranged from 4.20 to 32.29 mg/kg and 2.06-19.65 µg/kg in Roasted and Fried chicken, respectively. The differences in PAHs levels were observed among charcoal and gas-roasted samples as well as between chicken fried with different oil types. benzo[a] pyrene(BaP), an appropriate marker for occurrence and potential toxicity of PAHs food matrixes was found in all roasted samples ranged from 1.41-5.71 mg/kg and all fried samples in range of 0.9-3.32 µg/kg. Moreover, unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) and saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratios in the in the used vegetable oils had an important role in the generation of PAHs in fried chicken.

Dataset for effect comparison of irrigation by wastewater and ground water on amount of heavy metals in soil and vegetables: Accumulation, transfer factor and health risk assessment.

The irrigation source plays an important role in the amount of contaminates in soil and cultivated agricultural products. In this study, the concentration and human health risks of heavy metals (Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd and Pb) were evaluated in soil, water and vegetables collected from two sites (FGW: Farms irrigated with ground water, FWW: Farms irrigated with wastewater) of Bushehr, Iran. The trend of heavy metals concentration in vegetables from either site was in the following order: Mn ˃ Zn ˃ Cu ˃ Pb ˃ Cr ˃ Cd. Except Cd and Pb, the concentration of heavy metals was in the range of European Union (2006) permissible limit. THQ (Target hazard quotient) values were the highest in Mn followed by the Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Cr. Mn, Pb and Cd exceeded safe limit of THQ in several cases, while THQ of other heavy metals was in the range of safe limit. Based on the results, it can be concluded that heavy metals contamination in vegetables grown in Bushehr, especially in FWW site, may pose a great health risks to the local inhabitant through consumption of vegetables. Therefore, it is recommended that the discharge of industrial and municipal wastewater into water resources witch used for vegetable irrigation should be the first step in controlling the level of heavy metals in vegetables.

Association between the circulating leptin levels and the biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation among Iranian overweight and obese adults.

Background: Oxidative stress in obese people is an important pathogenic mechanism of an obesity-associated metabolic syndrome. We evaluated the association between circulating leptin levels with biomarkers of oxidative stress in overweight and obese participants. Methods: This study was performed on 189 overweight and obese people aged 18-60 years old. Serum leptin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), homocysteine (Hcy), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and amyloid A (SAA) concentrations were measured. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regressions were used to assess the relationships. Results: We found that among the biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in participants, serum hs-CRP and SAA were positively correlated with BMI (ß=0.003, P<0.001 and ß=7.83, P<0.001, respectively). This relationship remained significant even after controlling other oxidative stress and inflammatory indicators (ß=0.003, p<0.001 for hs-CRP), but this association disappeared for SAA. In addition, serum hs-CRP was positively correlated with leptin (ß=0.001, p=0.003). Regression analysis showed that there was no association between serum Hcy, SAA, TBARS and SOD with serum leptin concentrations Conclusion: Overall, the current study demonstrated that serum hs-CRP and SAA levels were independently correlated with BMI. Furthermore, serum hs-CRP was positively correlated with leptin. Focusing on such strategies may lead to promises for alleviating obesity and its co-morbidities.