Aporte nutricional del comedor escolar en un grupo de niños provenientes de familias de una comunidad urbano-marginal de San José / Nutritional contribution of the school big-eating in an group of children of families of a urban-marginal community of San José

El presente trabajo es resultado de un reanálisis de los datos presentados anteriormente por Fernández, Jiménez & Vargas (2000) con el objetivo de cuantificar el aporte del comedor escolar a la alimentación de 11 familias de Finca San Juan de Pavas. El método usado para recolectar los datos dietéticos fue el recordatorio de 24 horas. El consumo de alimentos del niño en el comedor escolar fue medido aparte y su consumo en el hogar fue incluido en el consumo familiar. Los resultados demostraron que durante los días de semana cuando el niño va a la escuela, recibe del comedor más de una tercera parte de sus necesidades nutricionales en cuanto a energía y 10 nutrientes. Además, se encontró que la alimentación ofrecida en las escuelas tenía una concentración mayor de calcio; riboflavina; vitaminas A, C y B6 , y menor de grasa total y saturada. Se concluye que el comedor de la escuela de Finca San Juan de Rincón Grande de Pavas, contribuye de forma importante a las necesidades nutricionales y formación de hábitos alimentarlos adecuados en un grupo de niños escolares de familias de bajos recursos.

In vivo nitrosoproline formation and other risk factors in Costa Rican children from high- and low-risk areas for gastric cancer.

The hypothesis that intragastric synthesis of N-nitroso compounds (NOC) in early life could play a role in gastric carcinogenesis was tested by applying the N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) test to about 50 children living in high- and low-risk areas for stomach cancer in Costa Rica. The median values of excretion of NPRO and the sum of three nitrosamino acids (micrograms/12 h urine) were 10-20% of those in adults from other geographical high-risk areas for stomach cancer. The urinary NPRO level after proline intake was higher in children from the high-risk area (P < 0.04) and markedly reduced after ingestion of ascorbic acid together with proline (P < 0.05). NPRO levels on the day of proline intake were highly correlated with levels of nitrate excretion (P < 0.001). Mean levels of total NOC in an aqueous (pH 2) extract of cooked beans from the high- and low-risk areas were similar. Acid-catalyzed nitrosation of the extract increased the total NOC concentration up to 1000-fold, but there was no difference between samples from the two areas. About 10% of bean extracts from both areas showed weak direct-acting genotoxicity in Escherichia coli; after acid-catalyzed nitrosation, all samples were genotoxic at similar levels. The diet of children in the low-risk area satisfied recommended levels of intake of energy and most nutrients except riboflavin and retinol equivalents. Diets from the high-risk area were deficient in energy intake and all nutrients except protein and vitamin C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Exposure to N-nitrosamines and other risk factors for gastric cancer in Costa Rican children.

The hypothesis that endogenous chemical nitrosation in the normal stomach in early life could play a crucial role in inducing chronic atrophic gastritis/intestinal metaplasia in later life was tested by applying the N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) test to 12-h urine samples from about 50 children (aged 8-14 years) living in high- and low-risk areas for stomach cancer. The median values of NPRO and the sum of four nitrosamino acids analysed were 0.28-0.84 micrograms/12 h and 0.75-1.75 micrograms/12 h, respectively. The NPRO level after proline intake was significantly higher in children from a high-risk area than in those from a low-risk area (p less than 0.04), and markedly reduced after ingestion of ascorbic acid and proline (p less than 0.05). Urinary nitrate level was lower than that of adults. NPRO levels on the day of proline intake, however, correlated well with nitrate levels (p less than 0.001), indicating that children in a high-risk area in Costa Rica have high endogenous nitrosation potential. Blood samples were also collected from about 300 children (aged 7-20 years) and analysed for antibodies against Campylobacter pylori, a suspected gastritis-causing bacteria. About 71% of children in both high- and low-risk areas for stomach cancer had antibodies. In addition, raw and cooked beans, which are consumed very frequently in Costa Rica, were collected from families in both areas and analysed for levels of nitrite/nitrate, total N-nitroso compounds and genotoxicity in the SOS chromotest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)