[Influence of human fetal mesenchymal stem cells on glioma cell proliferation. A consequence of cellular crosstalk].

The effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the growth of various tumors is ambiguous. MSCs derived from different tissues stimulate growth of some tumor types and exert antitumor effects on the other. Several recent reports have shown that crosstalk between tumor cells and MSCs contribute to these effects. The aim of this work was to study the effects of MSCs derived from fetal tissues on the proliferative activity of glioma cells in conditions of prolonged co-cultivation. We have analyzed the proliferative activity of glioma cells exposed to conditioned medium (CM) from MSCs derived from fetal bone marrow (FetMSC) and fetal muscle (M-FetMSC) as well as to CM from co-cultivation of the fetal MSCs with U251MG glioma cells. As a comparison, the influence of CM from adult dermal fibroblasts (DFs) was examined in identical experiments. Using MTT assay, we have found that CM from both the fetal MSCs and adult DFs (without their co-culturing with glioma cells) had no effect on U251MG and A172 glioma cell proliferation. However, CM from early co-cultures (3-9 days) of U251MG cells with FetMSC or M-FetMSC exerted stimulatory effect on U251MG cell proliferation up to 2.3-fold increase, while CM obtained later from the same co-cultures (15-21 days) had inhibitory effect on the proliferation up to arrest of cell division. Analogous experiments with adult DFs have revealed a persistent stimulation of U251MG cell proliferative activity for all 21 days of co-culturing. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed a reduction in the expression of cell cycle protein cyclin D1 in U251MG cells after their treatment with CM taken from 21-days co-cultures of U251MG cells with FetMSC or M-FetMSC. In contrast, CM from 21-days co-cultures of U251MG cells with DFs did not decrease the expression of cyclin D1. These results show that fetal MSCs have dual effect on glioma cell proliferation. In spite of the earlier stimulatory effect on the proliferative activity, prominent inhibition of glioma cell proliferation was observed after three week co-culturing of glioma cells with fetal MSCs. This is the first report demonstrating reversion of tumor cell proliferative program during co-culturing with MSCs for a long time. These data suggest that CM obtained at different time points of cell co-culturing can be used in the modeling of prolonged cellular crosstalk.

[PCR diagnosis of sequences of a novel human herpes virus type 8 in patients with Kaposi sarcoma in Russia]. / PTsR-diagnostika posledovatel'nostei novogo gerpesvirusa cheloveka 8-go tipa u bol'nykh sarkomoi Kaposhi v Rossii.

Associations of a new human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) with different forms of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in Russia have been studied. Search for this virus genetic information has been carried out in biopsy specimens of benign and malignant tumors other than KS, and probable sites of HHV-8 latency in human body have been checked. HHV-8 sequences were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HHV-8 sequences were most often detected in idiopathic (80.6%), AIDS-associated (80%), and immunosuppressive (100%) KS. The results indicate a selective association of HHV-8 with KS. No probable sites of the virus latency were detected in peripheral blood cells of patients with KS and in the prostate of patients with chronic prostatitis. The only exception was the husband of a patient with KS: HHV-8 sequences were detected in his prostatic secretion by nested PCR.

[Quantitative analysis of morphogenesis of local nerve plexuses forming in tissue culture]. / Kolicherstvennyi analiz morfogeneza lokal'nykh nervnykh spletenii, formiruiushchikhsia v kul'ture tkanei.

Discrete stages of formation of nervous plexuses in the culture of isolated neurons of a mollusc were analyzed autonomically. Area of plexus expansion (S1) and area, occupied by nerve structures (neurites and neuron bodies) were determined. It was demonstrated that despite intensive radial growth of peripheral neurites and S1 growth the density of plexus (S2/S1) was not changed. Relative acceleration of plexus expansion (as compared to S2 growth) registered on 40th and 50th hrs of cultivation indicates the absence of necessary cells in the plexus and development of contacts with adjacent local plexuses. Scanning of lamellar structures revealed submembranous aggregation of cytoskeleton apart from longitudinally directed cytoskeletal bands, which prevents one of the ways of neurite ramification. Elimination of lamellae between cytoskeletal bundles leads to formation of several neurites.

Kinetics of the structure of neurites in mollusk brain after its dissociation. / Kinetika struktury neiritov mozga molliuskov posle ego dissotsiatsii.

Using phase microscopy the behaviour of living neurons directly after their enzymatic isolation from ganglia of Clione limacina and Lymnaea stagnalis was studied. Apart from single-processed unipolar neurons, numerous dipolar and unipolar ones were found in mollusc which does not conform to neuron classification generally adopted. Disrupted neurons were seen to shorten gradually in Ringer solution and -1640 medium at the rate of 0.84-0.27 mm min. Serial photomicrography revealed that the process has two stages. Neurite retraction is interrupted by the expansion stage (extrusion and urgent regeneration). Duration of retraction and extrusion stages made 22.7-3.3 and 6.6-9.1 min respectively. Retraction speed was 24-0.5 mm/min while that of extrusion was 2.8-0.4 mm/min. different processes of the same neuron contract asynchronously. Process invagination leads to its rounding. Thus the cell acquires most thermodynamically stable from which is arranged to prompt its survival. Spherical neurons lacking processes migrate and demonstrate capacity of regeneration. As the conditions somehow resembling the experimental ones (high proteolytic activity of the medium and process loss in part of neurons) arise in cerebral trauma nidus of it is suggested that viable neuron behaviour is alike in this situation.

[Detection of markers of the human T-cell leukemia virus in patients with T-cell lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma]. / Obnaruzhenie markerov virusa T-kletochnogo leikoza cheloveka u bol'nykh T-kletochnoi limfomoi i sarkomoi kaposhi.

Nine patients with Kaposi's sarcoma and five suffering from T-cell lymphoma have been examined. Antibodies to HTLV-1 were not found in these patients. The primary cellular cultures were isolated from blood and lymph nodes of the patients. Viral particles (type C) were found in the culture obtained from the patient with lymphoma of T-cell origin. DNAs from the primary cellular cultures from patients with lymphoma or sarcoma contained the sequences homologous to gag-gene of HTLV-1. The data suppose the patients with T-cell lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma to carry HTLV-1 virus.

[Further cases of Kimura's disease in the USSR]. / Dal'neishie nabliudeniia bolezni Kimury v SSSR.

The authors review literature on the clinical picture and possible pathogenesis of Kimura's disease, as well as on therapy of the condition. They describe a case of this disease. A woman aged 37 has developed this condition with typical clinical and histological signs.

[The therapeutic possibilities in lichen ruber pilaris]. / Terapevticheskie vozmozhnosti pri krasnom volosianom lishae.

The results of therapy of 43 patients with lichen ruber pilaris are analyzed. Different treatment modalities were employed: PUVA therapy, Re-PUVA therapy, retinoids, PUVA therapy with methotrexate, etc. Re-PUVA therapy was found the most effective method of treatment. Retinoid therapy ranks second in efficacy, PUVA therapy third, etc.

[Acne necrotica]. / Nekroticheskie ugri.

A 50-year-old female patient with typical symptoms of acne necrotica is described. The eruptions involved seborrheic areas on the skin of the forehead, conchae of the auricles, nose and nasolabial folds, and presented as nodules covered with serous crusts, necrotic foci, and small stamp cicatrices. Histologic findings confirm the clinical diagnosis. Combined treatment with presocyl and tetracycline was fairly effective.

[Tuberculous lupus]. / Tuberkuleznaia volchanka.

A 39-year-old patient, veterinary feldsher, suffering for 3 years from tuberculosis luposa with multiple foci of involvement, is described. The process was complicated by lymphostasis and eczema on the left arm.

[Electron microscopic study of Darier's follicular dyskeratosis]. / Elektronno-mikroskopicheskoe issledovanie follikuliarnogo diskeratoza Dar'e.

Ultrastructure of the skin biopsy specimens of 10 patients with Darier's keratosis follicularis (DKF), 6 of them with the vesicular form of the dermatosis, has been examined by electron microscopy. The study has revealed dyskeratosis with tonofilament homogenization and well-developed keratohyalin granules, round bodies and granules, and acantholysis less manifest than in Hailey-Hailey's chronic benign familial pemphigus. Ultrastructural features of the skin in vesicular DKF present as acantholysis and dyskeratosis more manifest than in typical DKF. Similarity of the morphologic signs of the typical and vesicular DKF permit considering the vesicular form of this keratosis as one of DKF variants.

[The successful treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with an argon laser]. / Uspeshnoe lechenie kozhnogo leishmanioza argonovym lazerom.

A patient suffering from skin leishmaniasis is described. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by histologic findings and isolation of Leishmania tropica. Since antibiotic therapy was ineffective, the patient was exposed to argon laser for the coagulation of nodular elements. Six sessions of laser therapy under local anesthesia with intervals of 4-5 days were carried out, this resulting in complete clinical cure.

[Mibelli's porokeratosis]. / Porokeratoz Mibelli.

A 44-year-old patient suffering from porokeratosis of Mibelli for 27 years is described. The eruptions have involved the skin of the buttocks and the upper and lower limb flexor surface. The clinical picture of the disease may be regarded as the classical plaque form. The clinical diagnosis has been confirmed by a characteristic histologic picture with invagination of the corium mass into the epidermis (corniculate plates). Electron microscopy has shown a number of shifts in the epidermis sites adjacent to the corniculate plate and above it. The proliferative activity of the epidermis was enhanced but the keratinization processes round the corniculate plate was unchanged.