Concept analysis of uncertainty in people with mental disabilities.

PURPOSE: This concept analysis clarified "uncertainty in people with mental disabilities". METHODS: The research was conducted using Walker & Avant's conceptual analysis methodology. RESULTS: Uncertainty in people with mental disabilities showed the defining attributes of "ambiguity," "unpredictability," "distrust," and "lack of insight into illness," of which "distrust" and "lack of insight" were unique to people with mental disabilities. Accordingly, it was defined as a state in which it is difficult to determine the treatment's timing because (1) the disease process is often too ambiguous to make a decision; (2) abnormal behavior can recur at any time while the patients are under treatment and in recovery; and (3) patients struggle to accept the illness, tend to distrust healthcare professionals and family, and show lack of knowledge, making them miss their treatment's timing and even making the expectation for recovery vague. CONCLUSION: The attributes of uncertainty in people with mental disabilities identified in this study confirmed that mental health professionals should proactively intervene to treat patients at an appropriate time and continuously manage them to prevent recurrence. PRACTICE IMPLICATION: The study findings can be utilized in mental health research and in developing interventions to reduce uncertainty in people with mental disabilities, helping them recover and integrate into the community.

Sulfur fluoride exchange.

Sulfur Fluoride Exchange (SuFEx) is a click reaction par excellence that has revolutionized multiple research fields. In this Primer, we delve into the essential elements of SuFEx operation, catalysis, and SuFExable connective hubs. We also explore the cutting-edge applications of SuFEx in drug development, polymer science, and biochemistry. Additionally, we examine the potential limitations and promising prospects for this versatile click reaction.

Effects of an Extracurricular Anger Self-Control Program for Nursing Students.

Nursing students often experience anger in response to stress and suppress their anger instead of actively controlling it. Therefore, the anger self-control programs that can manage nursing students' anger level and dysfunctional anger expression are needed. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of an anger self-control program on trait anger, anger expression style, grateful disposition, and depression among nursing students. The study used a quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group and a non-synchronized design. Participants were 29 nursing students who were assigned to intervention and control groups. Compared to the control group, the intervention group showed significantly decreased mean scores for the trait anger, anger-in, and anger-out anger expression styles, and increased mean scores for the anger-control anger expression style and grateful disposition. Anger self-control programs might be usefully applied as extracurricular anger-management programs for nursing students.

Cost effectiveness of trivalent and quadrivalent influenza vaccines in 50- to 64-year-old adults in Korea.

BACKGROUND: Influenza causes severe complications in at-risk populations, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Vaccination is the most effective measure to prevent infection and complications caused by seasonal influenza. However, no study has analyzed the cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccines in 50- to 64-year-olds in South Korea. OBJECTIVE: We examined the application of the National Immunization Program (NIP) in 50- to 64-year-olds and compared the cost-effectiveness of quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) with that of trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) in South Korea. METHODS: One-year static model was assumed by constructing separate decision trees for age subgroups: 50-54, 55-59, and 60-64. Each subgroup was divided into at-risk and not-at-risk groups. Using circulation data from previous studies and Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we estimated the probabilities of influenza infection, outpatient treatment, hospitalization, and deaths. Medical cost was estimated from 2015 to 2017 National Health Insurance Sharing Service claim data, while productivity losses from work absenteeism or death were estimated from labor and economic surveys of Korean government. Disutility was estimated based on previous studies. RESULTS: Compared with non-vaccination, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for the 50-54, 55-59, and 60-64 age groups for TIV were US$2010.90, US$2004.58, and US$1865.55, respectively, while for QIV were US$2187.17, US$2190.89, and US$2074.52, respectively. Compared with TIV, ICERs for QIV were US$4445.66, US$4578.06, and US$4751.93, respectively. All the aforementioned ICER values were lower than the 2017 Korean GDP per capita of US$29,742.839. CONCLUSION: Implementing the NIP in the 50- to 64-year-old age group was found to be cost effective. Since both TIV and QIV were cost effective, we recommend QIV as the preferred option, based on its greater protection against Influenza B.

[Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study on the Experiences of Employment of Married North Korean Women Defectors Rearing Children].

PURPOSE: This study aimed to understand the experiences of married North Korean women's child-rearing, working lives, and their home and work environment in depth. METHODS: This study adopted van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological method to qualitatively analyze data. The participants were 8 married North Korean women defectors. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations from July 4 to August 20, 2018. RESULTS: Nine essential themes emerged: more personal challenges after overcoming a life-threatening crisis; hopes of firmly settling in this land; the wound from the north, which chased them here; a body that becomes stronger through hardship; being stuck in a past full of anxiety and pain; the present is full of hope; hope for the future; sense of alienation from coworkers that cannot be overcome; and sense of power to endure an exhausting work life. CONCLUSION: This study provided a broader understanding of the life and experiences of married women from North Korea. It highlights the need for nurses to recognize their importance in nursing care. The study also suggests that academic and practical approaches for nursing, and basic data for a nursing intervention for married women from North Korea be provided. The study findings can be used as a basis for preparing a national policy that will help North Korean defectors to find employment and gain stability.

The relationship between community integration and mental health recovery in people with mental health issues living in the community: A quantitative study.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Mental health treatments have become patient-centred. Evaluating recovery in people with mental health difficulties living in the community can help to develop better client-centred services. Community integration is critical to recovery in patients with mental health difficulties. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER ADD TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This is the first study to use a single integrated measure of mental health recovery to evaluate the effect of community integration. Physical community integration was the easiest goal for most to reach. Developing independence/self-actualization was harder. In mental health recovery, most people were able to overcome stuckness. Developing abilities for basic functioning was harder. Participating in mental health centre day programmes promoted mental health recovery in people with mental health difficulties living in the community. Independence/self-actualization, psychological integration and social support improved mental health recovery in people with mental health difficulties living in the community. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: There is a need to develop and actively promote programmes that attract people with mental health difficulties living in the community so that they will actively use mental health centre services. Offering systematic social skills training and occupational rehabilitation therapy to people with mental health difficulties living in the community may help them function independently. Mental health service programmes should provide volunteer opportunities for people with mental health difficulties living in the community to facilitate a sense of belonging. Mental health nurses should serve as a social support resource for people with mental health difficulties living in the community by providing education to family and friends on how to support patients' recovery, and invigorating integration projects such as "making healthy friends." Abstract Introduction Although community integration of people with mental health difficulties and a consumer-centred recovery paradigm are of global importance, little research has been conducted on community integration factors that directly affect mental health recovery. Aim This study investigated the relationship between community integration and mental health recovery in people with mental health difficulties living in the community in South Korea. Method Data were collected from 155 people with mental health difficulties living in the community, using the Self-Reporting Scale of Community Integration and the Mental Health Recovery Measure (Korean version), and analysed using hierarchical regression analysis. Results Among the community integration subscales, independence/self-actualization, psychological integration and social support were significant factors in mental health recovery, explaining 47.3% of the variance. Discussion An effective intervention strategy for mental health recovery of people with mental health difficulties living in the community may reinforce community integration by carefully considering independence/self-actualization, psychological integration and social support. Implications for practice Mental health nurses should provide intervention to people with mental health difficulties living in the community to help them develop strategies for functioning independently, experiencing a sense of achievement and developing a sense belonging in the community.

Chemoselective Tyrosine Bioconjugation through Sulfate Click Reaction.

A novel and selective tyrosine functionalization strategy through SuFEx (sulfur fluoride exchange) chemistry is presented. In this approach, free tyrosine (Tyr) reacts selectively with aryl fluorosulfate in the presence of various nucleophilic amino acid residues in bio-tolerable conditions. Chemoselectivity of this unique SuFEx reaction was confirmed in amino acid, peptide, and protein conjugations. The functions of peptides and proteins were well-preserved as demonstrated from the Tyr-specific modification of cell-penetrating peptide and erythropoietin. This method is well-suited for residue-specific modification of native proteins, and thus would expand the versatility of bio-conjugation in protein chemistry.

Unique photophysical properties of 9-styryl-1,2-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-ß]indolizin-3-one and its efficient synthesis via direct C-H activation.

A styryl Seoul-Fluor (SF) skeleton was rationally designed by introducing an olefin unit at the C-9 of 1,2-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-ß]indolizin-3-one via regioselective direct C-H activation. We synthesized a series of styryl SF analogues, maintaining unique photophysical properties that can be systematically controlled by the electronic characteristics of the substituents, with an average bathochromic shift of 39 nm in emission maxima.

Rational perturbation of the fluorescence quantum yield in emission-tunable and predictable fluorophores (Seoul-Fluors) by a facile synthetic method involving C-H activation.

Fluorescence imaging enables the uniquely sensitive observation of functional- and molecular-recognition events in living cells. However, only a limited range of biological processes have been subjected to imaging because of the lack of a design strategy and difficulties in the synthesis of biosensors. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of emission-tunable and predictable Seoul-Fluors, 9-aryl-1,2-dihydrolopyrrolo[3,4-b]indolizin-3-ones, with various R(1) and R(2) substituents by coinage-metal-catalyzed intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and subsequent palladium-mediated CH activation. We also showed that the quantum yields of Seoul-Fluors are controlled by the electronic nature of the substituents, which influences the extent of photoinduced electron transfer. On the basis of this understanding, we demonstrated our design strategy by the development of a Seoul-Fluor-based chemosensor 20 for reactive oxygen species that was not accessible by a previous synthetic route.

A selective Seoul-Fluor-based bioprobe, SfBP, for vaccinia H1-related phosphatase--a dual-specific protein tyrosine phosphatase.

We report a Seoul-Fluor-based bioprobe, SfBP, for selective monitoring of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). A rational design based on the structures at the active site of dual-specific PTPs can enable SfBP to selectively monitor the activity of these PTPs with a 93-fold change in brightness. Moreover, screening results of SfBP against 30 classical PTPs and 35 dual-specific PTPs show that it is selective toward vaccinia H1-related (VHR) phosphatase, a dual-specific PTP (DUSP-3).