[Variants in the immune response to revaccination with diphtheria anatoxin in adults]. / Varianty immunnogo otveta na revaktsinatsiiu difteriinym anatoksinom u vzroslykh.

The immunological effectiveness of the revaccination (made in two injections) of 488 adults aged 18-67 years with diphtheria-tetanus toxoid is discussed; the parallel study of the results of this revaccination was carried out in the diphtheria toxin neutralization test on Vero cells and in the passive hemagglutination (PHA) test. The specific features of the dynamics of the increase of diphtheria antitoxic antibodies, depending on the initial immunity level, the age and the sex of revaccinated persons, were determined. Among persons with the low level of circulating antibodies before revaccination four variants of immune response to the injection of diphtheria toxoid were registered: variant 1--rapid reaction like in secondary immune response (53.6%); variant 2--delayed but effective reaction like in primary immune response (27.3%); variant 3--slow weak response (6.5%); and variant 4--the absence of effective immune response to immunization made in 2-3 injections (12.6%). The immunological and neutralizing properties of diphtheria antitoxic antibodies in the process of immunization made in 2 injections were evaluated. Persons with abnormal immune response (variants 3 and 4) produced defective antibodies, displaying immunological activity in the PHA test, but in most cases unable to neutralize diphtheria toxin in vitro when tested on Vero cells.

[The effect of immunomodulators on the development of antibodies to the diphtheria antigen in mice vaccinated with the DTP adsorbed vaccine]. / Vliianie immunomoduliatorov na vyrabotku antitel k difteriinomu antigenu u myshei, vaktsinirovannykh AKDS-vaktsinoi.

An animal model for the study of the influence of immunomodulators on the development and preservation of postvaccinal antidiphtheria immunity was experimentally selected and the corresponding study was carried out. In this work the following immunomodulators were used: dibasol, prodigiosan, splenin, thymalin, reaferon, tactivin, methyluracyl. The study revealed that by day 120 of observation all immunomodulators stimulated the production of antibodies in higher titers than adsorbed DPT vaccine, introduced without immunomodulators. The most effective action was exhibited by splenin and prodigiosan (injected subcutaneously), dibasol and methyluracyl (administered orally). Two latter immunomodulators, if introduced prior to immunization, are the most promising preparations to be used in practical immunoprophylaxis.

[Diphtheria in Ukraine. The current aspects of diphtheria epidemiology (1)]. / Difteriia v Ukraine. Sovremennye aspekty épidemiologii difterii (soobshchenie 1).

From 1991 forth, a diphtheria epidemics has been spreading in Ukraine, the cause of which is decline in the level of collective immunity. The highest incidence rates are registered in large industrial centers. In rural areas, morbidity rates were found to be half as high as those in urban ones, particularly so among the adults. Morbidity and mortality were greater among those children of under school age who did not attend the child's pre-school institutions. Immunization of the adults done on a single-procedure basis does not protect them either against the disease or lethal outcome. The observed decline in mortality is due to the detection of mild forms of the disease, earlier diagnose and, therefore, start of the treatment. But even in 1994 the epidemic situation with respect to diphtheria looks serious in Ukraine, which fact necessitates inaugurating antiepidemic measures on a continuous basis, the mainstay of which is vaccinal prevention.

[The level of postvaccinal immunity to diphtheria, tetanus and poliomyelitis in relation to the number of inoculations]. / Uroven' postvaktsinal'nogo immuniteta k difterii, stolbniaku i poliomielitu v zavisimosti ot kratnosti privivok.

The work was aimed at the comparative study of the intensity of immunity to diphtheria, tetanus and poliomyelitis, depending on the number of injections of adsorbed diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine and poliomyelitis vaccine, for the purpose of finding out the possibility of reducing the antigenic load given to children without diminishing the intensity of immunity. To determine the level of immunity to diphtheria and tetanus, 1900 children under school age were serologically studied by the micromethod in the passive hemagglutination test. The intensity of immunity to poliomyelitis virus was studied in 333 children by means of the neutralization test. The immunogenic properties of the diphtheria component of adsorbed DPT vaccine were found to be less pronounced than those of the tetanus component of the vaccine, which made it impossible to reduce the antigenic load by decreasing the number of vaccinations against diphtheria. The results of the study of postvaccinal immunity to poliomyelitis suggest that during the first and second year of life the course of vaccination against poliomyelitis may be reduced to 3 injections.

[A calendar of prophylactic inoculations in wide practical use]. / Izuchenie kalendaria profilakticheskikh privivok v usloviiakh shirokoi praktike.

The validity of immunizations, made in due time in children aged up to 7 years in accordance with the approved immunization schedule, is analyzed in this work. The content of antibodies to diphtheria, tetanus and poliomyelitis antigens in children immunized in accordance with the old and new schedules has been studied. This study has revealed that the injection of adsorbed DPT vaccine to children aged 3-4 months induces fully valid immune response to all antigens under study. The level of measles and parotitis antibodies after the injections of measles and parotitis vaccines, introduced separately and simultaneously, has been measured. The simultaneous administration of these preparations did not decrease the levels of immunity to parotitis and measles.

[Possible serodiagnosis of pertussis infection by an immunoenzyme method]. / O vozmozhnosti serodiagnostiki kokliushnoi infektsii immunofermentnym metodom.

The sera of children and adults with a history of pertussis, as well as the sera of children immunized in three injections, have been studied in the enzyme immunoassay. The levels of antibodies to Bordetella pertussis protein and lipopolysaccharide, and to disintegrated B. pertussis cells have been determined; a serum titer of 1:1,600 and higher is considered as a criterion for the serological diagnosis of pertussis.

[Successes in the control of childhood droplet infections in the UkrSSR during the 60 years of Soviet government]. / Uspekhi v bor'be s detskimi kapel'nymi infektsiiami v USSR za 60 let Sovetskoi vlasti

Marked achievements in reduction of morbidity and mortality from the main child infections were reached as a result of radical social changes during the years of Soviet power improvement of welfare of the population, science development, proper organization of antiepidemic measures, creation of effective prophylactic preparations and mass immunization. Poliomyelitis is practically wiped out in the Republic, diphtheria incidence fell sharply and whooping cough and measles incidence decreased considerably.