Solibacillus palustris sp. nov., isolated from wetland soil of ecology park.

A Gram-staining-positive, motile, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain MA9T was isolated from wetland soil of ecology park, in Seoul, Republic of Korea. This bacterium was characterized to determine its taxonomic position by using the polyphasic approach. Strain MA9T grew at 10-37 °C and at pH 6.0-9.5 on TSB. Menaquinone MK-7 was the predominant respiratory quinone and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c alcohol were the major fatty acids. The main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A4α l-Lys-d-Glu. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, strain MA9T clustered with species of the genus Solibacillus and appeared closely related to S. silvestris DSM 12223T (97.8 % sequence similarity), S. cecembensis DSM 21993T (97.6 %), S. isronensis DSM 21046T (97.6 %) and S. kalamii DSM 101595T (96.6 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.0 mol%. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization between strain MA9T and type strains of S. silvestris, S. isronensis, S. cecembensis and S. kalamii resulted in values below 70 %. Strain MA9T could be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from the recognized species of the genus Solibacillus. The isolate therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Solibacillus palustris sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain MA9T (=KACC 22212T = LMG 32188T).

Polaromonas ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from ginseng field soil.

A Gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, milky-white and rod-shaped bacterium (designated Gsoil 115T) isolated from ginseng field soil was characterized by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. Strain Gsoil 115T grew optimally at 30 °C and at pH 7.0 on Reasoner's 2A agar medium. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain Gsoil 115T belongs to the genus Polaromonas and was most closely related to Polaromonaseurypsychrophila B717-2T (98.6 %), Polaromonasvacuolata 34-PT (98.3 %), Polaromonasjejuensis NBRC 106434T (98.1 %), Polaromonas aquatic CCUG 39402T (97.7 %) and Polaromonascryoconiti Cr4-35T (97.5 %). The DNA G+C content was 60.9 mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain Gsoil 115T and P. eurypsychrophila B717-2T, P. vacuolata 34-PT, P. jejuensis NBRC 106434T, P. aquatic CCUG 39402T and P. cryoconiti Cr4-35T were 31.2, 21.6, 16.9, 8.7 and 10.1 %, respectively. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The sole respiratory quinone was Q-8. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), which supported the affiliation of strain Gsoil 115T to the genus Polaromonas. Moreover, the physiological, biochemical and low level of DNA-DNA relatedness value allowed the phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of strain Gsoil 115T from the recognized species of the genus Polaromonas. Therefore, strain Gsoil 115T represents a novel species of the genus Polaromonas, for which the name Polaromonas ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain Gsoil 115T (LMG 23393T=KCTC 12577T).

Native Pig and Chicken Breed Database: NPCDB.

Indigenous (native) breeds of livestock have higher disease resistance and adaptation to the environment due to high genetic diversity. Even though their extinction rate is accelerated due to the increase of commercial breeds, natural disaster, and civil war, there is a lack of well-established databases for the native breeds. Thus, we constructed the native pig and chicken breed database (NPCDB) which integrates available information on the breeds from around the world. It is a nonprofit public database aimed to provide information on the genetic resources of indigenous pig and chicken breeds for their conservation. The NPCDB (http://npcdb.snu.ac.kr/) provides the phenotypic information and population size of each breed as well as its specific habitat. In addition, it provides information on the distribution of genetic resources across the country. The database will contribute to understanding of the breed's characteristics such as disease resistance and adaptation to environmental changes as well as the conservation of indigenous genetic resources.