RESUMO
The focus of this meeting was to discuss the suitability of using bacteriophages as alternative antimicrobials in the agrifood sector. Following a One Health approach, the workshop explored the possibilities of implementing phage application strategies in the agriculture, animal husbandry, aquaculture, and food production sectors. Therefore, the meeting had gathered phage researchers, representatives of the agrifood industry, and policymakers to debate the advantages and potential shortcomings of using bacteriophages as alternatives to traditional antimicrobials and chemical pesticides. Industry delegates showed the latest objectives and demands from consumers. Representatives of regulatory agencies (European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Spanish Agency of Medicines and Health Products (AEMPS)) presented an update of new regulatory aspects that will impact and support the approval and implementation of phage application strategies across the different sectors.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Bacteriófagos , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Agricultura , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Criação de Animais DomésticosRESUMO
Salmonella spp. is a prevalent pathogen that causes great public health concern worldwide. Bacteriophage-based cocktails have arisen as an alternative to antibiotics to inhibit the growth of Salmonella. However, the bactericidal effect of bacteriophage cocktails in vivo largely differs from their observed effect in vitro. This is partly because in vitro developments of cocktails do not always consider the bacterial diversity nor the environmental conditions where bacteriophages will have to replicate. Here, we isolated and sequenced 47 bacteriophages that showed variable degrees of lytic activity against 258 Salmonella isolates from a commercial broiler company in Brazil. Three of these bacteriophages were characterized and selected to assemble a cocktail. In vitro quantitative assays determined the cocktail to be highly effective against multiple serovars of Salmonella, including Minnesota and Heidelberg. Remarkably, the in vitro lytic activity of the cocktail was retained or improved in conditions that more closely resembled the chicken gut, such as anaerobiosis, 42°C, and Salmonella mono-strain biofilms. Analysis of bacterial cross-resistance between the 3 bacteriophages composing the cocktail revealed limited or no generation of cross-resistance. Our results highlight the relevance of an optimized flux of work to develop bacteriophage cocktails against Salmonella with high lytic efficacy and strong potential to be applied in vivo in commercial broiler farms.
Assuntos
Bacteriófagos , Salmonella enterica , Animais , Galinhas/microbiologia , Antibacterianos , BrasilRESUMO
RESUMEN: La incidencia de complicaciones en los tejidos periimplantarios, como recesiones y dehiscencias, ha ido en aumento en los últimos años, principalmente asociados a un incorrecto posicionamiento espacial de los implantes. El objetivo de este reporte de caso es presentar el manejo quirúrgico de una complicación estética debida a la mal posición de un implante en la zona anterior. Caso. Paciente se presenta con recesión mucosa y dehiscencia por vestibular del implante 1.2, causados por su mal posicionamiento. Se realiza explantación mediante llave de alto torque e inserción de un nuevo implante en combinación con regeneración ósea (sticky bone) e injerto de tejido conectivo, lo que recupera la armonía gingival. Conclusión. La explantación conservadora acompañada de regeneración tisular ofrecen una interesante alternativa para el tratamiento de defectos estéticos severos asociados a la mal posición de implantes. La sistematización de este tipo de protocolos es fundamental para mejorar su predictibilidad.
ABSTRACT: An increase in the incidence of peri-implant soft tissue complications, such as facial recession and dehiscence, has been observed in the last years, mainly associated with an incorrect spatial placement of the implants. This case report focuses on the surgical management of an esthetic complication due to an incorrect implant position in the anterior region. Case report. Patient presented with recession and dehiscence in the facial area of implant 1.2, due to its incorrect placement. Explantation was performed with a high torque wrench, followed by the immediate placement of a new implant in combination with bone regeneration (sticky bone) and soft tissue augmentation. Conclusion. The use of atraumatic explantation techniques followed by guided tissue regeneration offers an interesting alternative for the treatment of severe defects in the esthetic region due to incorrectly placed implants. An adequate systematization of these protocols is key to improve their predictability.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Deiscência da Ferida Operatória/cirurgia , Implantes Dentários/efeitos adversos , Remoção de Dispositivo/métodos , Retração Gengival/cirurgia , Estética Dentária , Retração Gengival/etiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To explore the perception of professionals and patients with regard to ethical issues involved in addressing the habit of smoking in primary care consultations. METHOD: A qualitative study was designed, consisting of 12 semi-structured interviews with professionals, 7 interviews with patients and 2 focus groups with 6 professionals and 7 primary care patients (a total of 32 participants). An intentional sampling was conducted, including profiles of professionals and patients of both sexes, different ages and experience in relation to smoking. A content analysis was performed with an inductive analytical approach from data to the creation of theoretical categories. RESULTS: Four main categories were identified: 1) ethical issues related to the responsibility of the professional when treating patients who smoke; 2) issues related to attitude to patients who smoke; 3) issues related to fair and equitable distribution of resources and to the role of the different levels of government in relation to the control of smoking; and 4) issues related to smokers' autonomy regarding their habit and smoking cessation. CONCLUSIONS: An alliance is needed between the ethics that support the autonomy of patients who smoke and the regulation of tobacco consumption. This approach should be included in clinical training programmes dealing with tobacco use, dependence and cessation.
