A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study to Characterize Patients Hospitalized With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults and Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the United States, 2020-2021.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) requires distinguishing it from acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and may affect clinical management. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we applied the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definition to identify adults hospitalized with MIS-A at 6 academic medical centers from 1 March 2020 to 31 December 2021. Patients MIS-A were matched by age group, sex, site, and admission date at a 1:2 ratio to patients hospitalized with acute symptomatic COVID-19. Conditional logistic regression was used to compare demographic characteristics, presenting symptoms, laboratory and imaging results, treatments administered, and outcomes between cohorts. RESULTS: Through medical record review of 10 223 patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2-associated illness, we identified 53 MIS-A cases. Compared with 106 matched patients with COVID-19, those with MIS-A were more likely to be non-Hispanic black and less likely to be non-Hispanic white. They more likely had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 ≥14 days before hospitalization, more likely had positive in-hospital SARS-CoV-2 serologic testing, and more often presented with gastrointestinal symptoms and chest pain. They were less likely to have underlying medical conditions and to present with cough and dyspnea. On admission, patients with MIS-A had higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and higher levels of C-reactive protein, ferritin, procalcitonin, and D-dimer than patients with COVID-19. They also had longer hospitalization and more likely required intensive care admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, and vasopressors. The mortality rate was 6% in both cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with patients with acute symptomatic COVID-19, adults with MIS-A more often manifest certain symptoms and laboratory findings early during hospitalization. These features may facilitate diagnosis and management.

A retrospective study on 198 mpox cases in South Florida: Clinical characteristics and outcomes with focus on human immunodeficiency virus status.

BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men (MSM) and persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) were disproportionately affected by global mpox outbreak in 2022. In this retrospective review, we describe epidemiology and clinical characteristics of mpox infection in South Florida with a focus on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study of 198 adult patients with confirmed diagnosis of mpox between 01 January 2020, and 10 September 2022, in two large health systems in South Florida. A descriptive analysis was performed to summarize demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of the patients. RESULTS: Young male patients and PLWH were disproportionately represented among patients with mpox. HIV positive patients were less likely to have adenopathy and myalgia and were more likely to have oral or facial lesions. 22.7% of studied patients were diagnosed with one or more concurrent STI at the time of mpox diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest screening for sexually transmitted infections and HIV for patients diagnosed with mpox. We suggest prompt consultation or referral to infectious disease specialist if needed for the patients who are diagnosed with mpox especially in the severely immunocompromised host.

Multisite Detection of Tn1549-Mediated vanB Vancomycin Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis ST6 in Texas and Florida.

In the United States, vanB-mediated resistance in enterococci is rare. We characterized three sequence type (ST) 6, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolates causing bacteremia in unique patients in spatiotemporally distinct settings. Isolates were recovered between 2018 and 2020 in two cities in the United States (Houston, TX; Miami, FL). The isolates harbored the vanB operon on a chromosomally located Tn1549 transposon, and epidemiological data suggested multiple introductions of the vanB gene cluster into ST6 E. faecalis.

Infected chylopericardium: An unexpected cause of cardiac tamponade.

A 22-year-old immunocompetent female with a history of small pericardial effusion while infant presented with fever and hemodynamic collapse 4 days after facial trauma. She was found to have cardiac tamponade secondary to infected chylopericardium from bacterial translocation. We report this very unusual case and review of the literature on chylopericardium infections.

Surviving the Struggle of COVID-19: Practical Recommendations for Pediatric/Adult Cardiology and Cardiac Surgical Programs in Resource-Limited Settings: a Review.

INTRODUCTION: The primary aim of this systematic review is to provide perioperative strategies to help restore or preserve cardiovascular services under threat from financial and personnel constraints imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: The Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials/CCTR, and Google Scholar were systematically searched using the search terms "(cardiac OR cardiology OR cardiothoracic OR surgery) AND (COVID-19 or coronavirus OR SARS-CoV-2 OR 2019-nCoV OR 2019 novel coronavirus OR pandemic)". Additionally, the webpages of relevant medical societies, including the World Federation Society of Anesthesiologists, the Cardiothoracic Surgery Network, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, were screened for relevant information. RESULTS: Whereas cardiac surgery and cardiology practices were reduced by 50-75% during the pandemic, mortality of patients with COVID-19 increased significantly. Healthcare workers are among those at high risk of infection with COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Hospitals must provide maximum protective equipment and training on how to use it to healthcare workers for their mutual protection. Triage management of patients - which accounts for patient's clinical status and risk-factor profile relatable to which services are available during the COVID-19 pandemic - is recommended. A strict reorganization of the hospital resources including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative detailed protective measures is necessary to reduce probability of vector contamination, to protect patients and the cardiovascular teams, and to permit safe resumption of cardiological and cardiac surgical activity.

Surviving the Struggle of COVID-19: Practical Recommendations for Pediatric/Adult Cardiology and Cardiac Surgical Programs in Resource-Limited Settings: a Review

ABSTRACT Introduction: The primary aim of this systematic review is to provide perioperative strategies to help restore or preserve cardiovascular services under threat from financial and personnel constraints imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: The Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials/CCTR, and Google Scholar were systematically searched using the search terms "(cardiac OR cardiology OR cardiothoracic OR surgery) AND (COVID-19 or coronavirus OR SARS-CoV-2 OR 2019-nCoV OR 2019 novel coronavirus OR pandemic)". Additionally, the webpages of relevant medical societies, including the World Federation Society of Anesthesiologists, the Cardiothoracic Surgery Network, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, were screened for relevant information. Results: Whereas cardiac surgery and cardiology practices were reduced by 50-75% during the pandemic, mortality of patients with COVID-19 increased significantly. Healthcare workers are among those at high risk of infection with COVID-19. Conclusion: Hospitals must provide maximum protective equipment and training on how to use it to healthcare workers for their mutual protection. Triage management of patients — which accounts for patient's clinical status and risk-factor profile relatable to which services are available during the COVID-19 pandemic — is recommended. A strict reorganization of the hospital resources including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative detailed protective measures is necessary to reduce probability of vector contamination, to protect patients and the cardiovascular teams, and to permit safe resumption of cardiological and cardiac surgical activity.

Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation During Cesarean Delivery in a Patient With D-Transposition of the Great Vessels, Years Following Mustard Operation.

Patients with surgically repaired complex congenital cardiac anomalies present unique characteristics that can make the implementation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support especially challenging. Very few series have reported the outcomes of ECMO support during pregnancy and peripartum. We report a case of successful extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation during cesarean delivery in a patient with surgically repaired d-transposition of the great arteries, and we discuss particular aspects that contributed to successful implementation of ECMO support and hospital discharge.

Long-term outcomes of elderly patients receiving continuous flow left ventricular support.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure is an epidemic affecting over 6 million people in the United States. Eighty percent of all heart failure patients are older than 65 years of age. Heart transplant is the gold standard treatment for patients suffering advanced heart failure, but only 18.5% of patients receiving heart transplant in the United States are 65 years of age or older. Continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices are a safe and effective therapy for patients with advanced heart failure, and can be used to bridge patients to a heart transplant or to support patients long-term as destination therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We sought to characterize long-term outcomes of elderly patients receiving continuous-flow left ventricular support in our program. CONCLUSION: Elderly patients with advanced heart failure presented comparable operative results to those of younger patients. The rate of complications up to 6 years of support was low, and comparable to those of younger patients. An effective and safe alternative for patients whom are less likely to receive heart transplantation.

"Heart and kidney transplant from donor with recent veno-arterial extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation".

OBJETIVES: ECMO is progressively being adopted as a last resort to stabilize patients receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECMO CPR). A significant number of these patients will present recovery of end-organ function, but evolve with brain death, accounting for only 30% of patients discharged from the hospital alive. Harvesting organs from donors on VA ECMO has recently been proposed as a strategy to expand the pool of available organs for transplantation. METHODS: We present a case of combined heart and kidney transplantation from a brain death donor with recent out of hospital cardiac arrest rescued with eCPR. RESULTS: A 31 year old male patient was admitted to local hospital with diagnosis of drowning after seizure episode. Patient received two rounds of CPR for 8 and 30 minutes respectively, and required emergency insertion of VA ECMO. Patient developed compartment syndrome of right lower extremity (RLE) with CPK = 30,720, prompting discontinuation of ECMO support within 48 hours as cardiac function had recovered, reflected on echocardiographic and enzymatic parameters. Patient was declared brain death and became organ donor. Multiple organ procurement was performed. Combined heart and right kidney transplant was then performed on a 61-year-old male with uneventful course, and with normal function of all implanted allografts at 3 months follow up. CONCLUSION: Our experience supports the concept that VA ECMO is not a contraindication for solid organ donation. Individual evaluation of organ function can lead to successful transplantation of multiple organs from donors with recent history of VA ECMO support.

Advanced heart failure therapies in patients with stable HIV infection.

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection affects nearly 38 million people worldwide. Patients living with HIV (PLHIV) on modern highly active antiretroviral therapy face significant morbidity and mortality related to the progression of chronic diseases, which lead to an increase in the burden of end-stage organ disease and organ failure. PLHIV present a two fold increased risk of heart failure as compared with the general population, with a prevalence of clinical heart failure of 6.5 %. Orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) is rarely performed in HIV-positive patients despite the fact that HIV-associated cardiomyopathy is a major long-term complication of HIV infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present a case of PLHIV presenting with decompensated heart failure, requiring initial therapy with left ventricular assist device, followed by heart transplantation, accompanied by an update on current concepts, and experience in the field. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: HIV-associated cardiomyopathy is a major long-term complication of HIV infection. LVAD support or OHT should also be encouraged among HIV-positive patients as current data indicates that AHFT is safe in carefully selected HIV-positive patients and outcomes are similar to those of HIV-negative patients.

Emotional quality-of-life and patient-reported limitation in sports participation in children with uncorrected congenital and acquired heart disease in healthcare-restricted settings in low- and middle-income countries.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about emotional quality-of-life in paediatric heart disease in low- and middle-income countries where the prevalence of uncorrected lesions is high. Research on emotional quality-of-life and its predictors in these settings is key to planning interventions. METHODS: Ten-year retrospective cross-sectional study of children aged 6-17 years with uncorrected congenital or acquired heart disease in 12 low- and middle-income countries was conducted. Emotional functioning score of the PedsQL TM 4.0 generic core scale and data on patient-reported limitation in sports participation were collected via in-person interview and analysed using regression analyses. RESULTS: Ninety-four children reported mean emotional functioning scores of 71.94 (SD 25.32) [95% CI 66.75-77.13] with lower scores independently associated with having a parent with a chronic illness or who had died (p = 0.005), having less than three siblings (p = 0.007), and reporting a subjective limitation in carrying an item equivalent to a 4 lb load (p = 0.021). Patient-reported limitation in sports participation at least "sometimes" was present in 69% and was independently associated with experiencing symptoms at least once a month (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Some of the factors which were associated with better emotional quality-of-life were similar to those identified in previous studies in patients with corrected defects. Patient-reported limitation in sports participation is common. In addition to corrective surgery and exercise, numerous other interventions which are practicable during surgical missions might improve emotional quality-of-life.

Aorto-pulmonary bypass shunt for intraoperative right ventricular support during LVAD implantation.

We describe a simple modification of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit that allows selective intraoperative circulatory support of the right ventricle during left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. The addition of a side branch to the arterial line and an intermediate line connector allows selective venting and perfusion through a cannula inserted in the main pulmonary artery. This modification of the CPB circuit allows for selective evaluation of right ventricular function, titration of inotropic support, and early identification of patients that require right ventricular assist device (RVAD) support.

Combined off-pump coronary bypass grafting without heparin and liver transplantation: A novel approach to a complex dilemma.

Cardiac disease is a leading cause of early mortality for patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT), and severe coronary artery disease (CAD) is usually considered a contraindication for LT in patients with cirrhosis. Incidence of CAD in LT candidates has increased in recent years. While stable patients might be candidates for percutaneous interventions, patients with decompensated liver failure, or critical coronary lesions present a therapeutic challenge, and are often not considered candidates for LT. We present the case of a 60 year old male patient with decompensated liver failure, and critical CAD, who received successful combined off-pump coronary bypass grafting without heparin and LT using ex vivo normothermic liver perfusion machine. This approach represents a novel strategy to offer LT to this very selective group of patients.

Heparineless off-pump coronary artery bypass in a patient with gunshot wound to chest and heart.

OBJECTIVES: Administration of heparin is standard in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with or without cardiopulmonary bypass (OPCABG). In some circumstances, the risk of heparinization may outweigh its benefits, and there is scarce literature on how to proceed in these cases. We describe the technique used for OPCABG without heparin. METHODS: We report the case of a patient with a gunshot wound to the chest resulting in multiple lung lacerations and transection of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) leading to hemorrhagic shock with tamponade, and cardiogenic shock due to myocardial ischemia who received OPCABG without heparin. RESULTS: A 23-year-old patient suffered multiple gunshot wounds to the chest and was admitted in shock with massive left hemothorax. Emergency left thoracotomy revealed multiple lung lacerations and transection of the proximal left anterior coronary artery. The patient presented acute myocardial ischemia and progressed to cardiogenic shock requiring insertion of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) to try to support hemodynamics. OPCABG with a segment of reversed saphenous vein graft to the LAD coronary artery was performed using standard techniques but without heparinization. The graft was flushed with normal saline before completing both anastomosis. Myocardial ischemic changes reversed, and the patient stabilized immediately after completing OPCABG, allowing to wean off IABP in the operating room. Postoperative recovery was unremarkable, and the patient was discharged home on postoperative day 9. CONCLUSION: Benefits of OPCABG include decreased bleeding and lower requirement of blood transfusions. This experience shows that OPCABG can be performed without systemic heparinization in selected cases.