Computed Tomography-Assessed Sarcopenia Predicts Mortality in Kidney Transplant Candidates.

OBJECTIVES: Sarcopenia is common in chronic kidney disease and associated with increased mortality. We investigated the prevalence of sarcopenia, defined as low muscle mass by the psoas muscle index, in endstage renal disease patients on waiting lists for kidney transplant and determined its association with prognostic nutritional index, C-reactive protein-toalbumin ratio, cardiovascular events, and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study included 162 patients with end-stage renal disease and 87 agematched healthy controls. We calculated nutritional status as follows: prognostic nutritional index = (10 × albumin [g/dL]) + (0.005 × total lymphocyte count (×103/µL]) and C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio. We gathered demographic and laboratory data from medical records. RESULTS: Patients with end-stage renal disease had a mean age of 44.7 ± 14.2 years; follow-up time was 3.37 years (range, 0.35-9.60 y). Although patients with endstage renal disease versus controls had higher prevalence of sarcopenia (16.7% vs 3.4%; P = .002) and C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (1.47 [range, 0.12-37.10] vs 0.74 [range, 0.21-10.20]; P < .001), prognostic nutritional index was lower (40 [range, 20.4-52.2] vs 44 [range, 36.1-53.0]; P < .001). In patients with end-stage renal disease with and without sarcopenia, prognostic nutritional index (P = .005) was lower and C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (P = .041) was higher in those with versus those without sarcopenia. Among 67 patients on waiting lists who received kidney transplants, those without sarcopenia had better 5-year patient survival posttransplant than those with sarcopenia (P = .001). Multivariate regression analysis showed sarcopenia and low prognostic nutritional index were independentrisk factors for mortality among patients with end-stage renal disease. CONCLUSIONS: Sarcopenia was ~5 times more frequent in patients with end-stage renal disease than in healthy controls and was positively correlated with the prognostic nutritional index. Sarcopenia was an independent risk factor for mortality in patients on transplant waiting lists.

The Novel OMERACT Ultrasound Scoring System for Salivary Gland Changes in Patients With Sjögren Syndrome Is Associated With MRI and Salivary Flow Rates.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the construct validity of the novel Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) ultrasound (US) semiquantitative scoring system for morphological lesions in major salivary glands by comparing it with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and unstimulated whole salivary flow rates (U-WSFRs) in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). METHODS: Nine sonographers applied the OMERACT 0-3 grayscale scoring system for parotid (PGs) and submandibular glands (SMGs) in 11 patients with pSS who also had MRIs performed. These were evaluated by 2 radiologists using a semiquantitative 0-3 scoring system for morphological lesions. The agreement between US and MRI and the association between U-WSFRs and imaging structural lesions was determined. A score ≥ 2 for both US and MRI was defined as gland pathology. RESULTS: The prevalence of US morphological lesions in 11 patients with a score ≥ 2 was 58% for PGs and 76% for SMGs, and 46% and 41% for PGs and SMGs, respectively, for MRI. The agreement between OMERACT US scores and MRI scores was 73-91% (median 82%) in the right PG and 73-91% (median 91%) in the left PG, 55-91% (median 55%) in the right SMG and 55-82% (median 55%) in the left SMG. When relations between the presence of hyposalivation and an US score ≥ 2 were examined, agreement was 91-100% (median 83%) in both PGs and 55-91% (median 67%) in both SMGs. CONCLUSION: There is moderate to strong agreement between the OMERACT US and MRI scores for major salivary glands in patients with pSS. Similar agreement ratios were observed between the higher OMERACT US scores and presence of hyposalivation.

Relationship of muscle thickness, strength, and diaphragm function in adults with cystic fibrosis.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the muscle thickness, strength, and diaphragmatic function and relate them with clinical findings. Patients and methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted with 54 participants (27 males, 27 females; mean age; 24.5±5.3 years; range, 18 to 45 years) between January 2017 and October 2017. Of the participants, 31 were adult CF patients, and 23 were age-and sex-matched controls. Patient demographics, 6-min walk distance, body mass index (BMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI) were evaluated. Each patient underwent pulmonary function tests. Quadriceps femoris thickness and diaphragm thickening fraction were assessed by ultrasonography. Upper extremity strength was measured with a handheld dynamometer. Results: There was no difference between the patients' and controls' BMI (p=0.052). However, patients' FFMI was lower than the controls' (p=0.010). The FFMI correlated with pulmonary function tests. Patients' both right and left quadriceps femoris muscles were thinner than the controls (p=0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). Patients with pancreatic insufficiency had thinner muscles than patients without pancreatic insufficiency. The control group had a stronger handgrip than CF patients (33.5±10.1 vs. 24.5±9.2 kg, p=0.003). Conclusion: Peripheral muscle wasting and weakness and lower functional capacity are highly prevalent in CF patients.

Retrospective Analysis of Serology and Radiology Results in Patients with Suspected Cystic Echinococcosis Through 3 Years Period

OBJECTIVE: Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu latu, is one of the neglected zoonotic infectious diseases and Türkiye is among the endemic countries. This study was designed to analyze serology results for patients who were diagnosed as CE by clinical symptoms and radiological methods over a three-year period. METHODS: Sera were analyzed for Anti-E. granulosus IgG by a chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) (HYDATIDOSIS VIRCLIA® IgG MONOTEST, Vircell) using the VIRCLIA® (CLIA; Vircell, Granada, Spain) and results processed by the dedicated software. Cut-off for a positive test was ≥1.1 index value. Echinococcal cysts were detected based on ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: A total of 244 sera were analyzed from 109 patients, during three-year-period from January 2018 to December 2020. Anti-E. granulosus IgG was ordered twice in 89 patients, three times in 15 patients, four times in four patients, and five times in one patient. CLIA test was positive among 41 of 109 (37.6%) patients in whom 32 (76%) had only hepatic involvement, whereas in 5 (12%) hepatic and pulmonary involvement were coexisted. The mean age of seropositive patients was 39.8 (6-75±2.72) and 61.9% of them (n=26) were female. Time intervals between sequential test orders varied from 1 day to 33 months. Eight seropositive patients turned out to be negative, and one of 66 seronegative patients became seropositive. Positive test results were converted to negative in the case of therapy or cyst inactivity. CONCLUSION: We may conclude that CLIA could be used as a complementary tool for CE patient follow-up.

Pre-existing Immunocompromised Status as a Preventer of Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: Friend or Foe?

Objective COVID-19 has been negatively impacted by a number of comorbidities. Aside from that, some conditions or treatments that cause immunosuppression can alter the course of the disease, leading to worse outcomes. The primary goal of this study is to compare the clinical presentation, laboratory analysis, radiological findings, and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 with and without immunosuppression. Materials and methods The study includes patients with pre-existing immunosuppression and COVID-19 infection who were admitted and received inpatient treatment at Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Pulmonary Medicine ward between April 2020 and June 2020. Data on demographics, epidemiology, clinical course, laboratory analysis, radiological findings, length of hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality were collected from all patients. Results The study group consisted of 23 patients who had pre-existing immunosuppression, and the control group consisted of 207 immunocompetent patients, making a total of 230 patients. Significant differences in lymphocyte count, ROX (respiratory-rate oxygenation) index on Day 0, and fibrinogen levels were discovered between the two groups. SARI (severe acute respiratory infection) was more common in the control group than in the study group (p<0.022), but there was no difference in mortality. Conclusion The mean number and percentage of lymphocytes were lower in immunocompromised COVID-19 patients at the time of diagnosis. Higher ROX index values and a lower risk of developing SARI could explain the hypothesis that these patients may be benefiting from a pre-existing corticosteroid regimen. Additional research with larger numbers of patients may be beneficial in drawing a more definitive conclusion.

Radiological Quantification of Sarcopenic Obesity and its Role in Chronic Liver Disease Severity.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To define sarcopenic obesity (SaO) among chronic liver disease (CLD) patients via CT and MRI, and assess its impact on liver disease severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CLD patients referred from the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department diagnosed as chronic hepatitis B (N:101), cirrhosis (N:110), and hepatocellular carcinoma (N:169) with available information on body height, weight, Child-Pugh and MELD scores within 2 weeks of CT or MRI scanning were included in the study. Cross-sectional examinations were retrospectively evaluated for skeletal muscle index (SMI) and visceral adipose tissue area (VATA). The disease severity was assessed by Child-Pugh and MELD scoring. RESULTS: The rate of sarcopenia and SaO in the cirrhotic patients was higher than that in the chronic hepatitis B patients (p <0.033 and p < 0.004, respectively). The rate of sarcopenia and SaO in HCC patients was higher than that in the chronic hepatitis B patients (p <0.001 and p <0.001, respectively). Sarcopenic patients in Chronic hepatitis B, cirrhotic, and HCC groups had higher MELD scores than nonsarcopenic patients (p <0.035, p <0.023, and p <0.024, respectively). Despite finding a similar increase in Child-Pugh scores in cirrhotic and HCC sarcopenic patients, results were statistically insignificant (p <0.597 and p <0.688). HCC patients with SaO had higher MELD scores than patients with other body composition catagories (p <0.006). Cirrhotic patients with SaO had higher MELD scores than nonsarcopenic obese patients (p <0.049). Chronic hepatitis B patients with obesity had low MELD scores (p <0.035). Cirrhotic and HCC patients with obesity had higher MELD scores (p <0.01 and p <0.024, respectively). Cirrhotic and HCC patients with obesity had higher Child-Pugh scores than nonobese patients but only HCC patients showed statistically significance (p <0.480 and p <0.001). CONCLUSION: Radiologic evaluation of SaO and harmonizing body composition with MELD scoring is critical in CLD management.

Radiation pneumonitis in relation to pulmonary function, dosimetric factors, TGFß1 expression, and quality of life in breast cancer patients receiving post-operative radiotherapy: a prospective 6-month follow-up study.

PURPOSE: To investigate development of radiation pneumonitis (RP) in relation to pulmonary function, dosimetric factors, and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFß1) expression in irradiated breast cancer patients. METHODS: A total of 49 breast cancer patients who received post-operative radiotherapy (RT) were evaluated in terms of pulmonary function tests (PFTs), quality of life (QoL), development of RP, dosimetric factors, cytokine levels, and lung high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) before and after RT. ROC analysis was performed for performance of dosimetric factors in predicting RP, while frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped for TGFß1 (rs11466345 and rs1800470) were also evaluated. RESULTS: All cases with RP (10.2%) recovered clinically at the end of third post-RT month. PFT and HRCT parameters were similar before and after RT overall, as well as by RP and the radiation field subgroups. ROC analysis revealed the significant role of the ipsilateral V5 (cutoff value of 45.9%, p = 0.039), V10 (29.4%, p = 0.015), V20 (23%, p = 0.017), and MLD (1200 cGy, p = 0.030) in predicting RP. Higher post-RT TGFß1 levels (p = 0.037) were noted overall and in patients with RP. Patient and control groups were similar in terms of frequencies of SNPs genotyped for TGFß1 (rs11466345 and rs1800470). EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR-23 scores were similar in patients with vs. without RP. CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed significant role of dosimetric factors including MLD, V20 as well as the low dose-volume metrics in predicting the risk of RP among breast cancer patients who received post-operative RT. Implementation of RT, extent of radiation field or the presence of RP had no significant impact on PFTs.

New grading system for post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis based on computed tomography findings.

BACKGROUND: There is currently no objective computed tomography (CT)-defined grading system for coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-related pulmonary fibrosis. We propose a CT-based radiological scale that adapts the histological fibrosis scale to pulmonary fibrosis CT findings, to evaluate possible predictive factors for the degree of fibrosis in these patients. METHODS: A new radiological fibrosis grading system was created based on existing histological fibrosis scales. One hundred forty-seven COVID-19 patients with any degree of fibrosis on CT were evaluated. Smoking status, the presence of hypertension, the duration of hospital stays, the presence of comorbid diseases, and the levels of prognostic and predictive factors for COVID-19 were evaluated, and how these parameters affected the fibrosis scores was examined. RESULTS: Of 147 patients, 17.7% had grade 1, 17% had grade 2, 51.7% had grade 3, and 13.6% had grade 4 fibrosis. ANOVA revealed statistically significant relationships between the fibrosis scores and lactate dehydrogenase values, lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein level, and length of hospital stay. Smoking, advanced age, hypertension, and male sex showed significantly higher scores for fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Using our CT-defined lung fibrosis grading system, we could predict the severity of fibrosis as well as the resultant lung pathology in COVID-19 patients. Thus, disease exacerbation and development of permanent severe fibrosis can be prevented using the appropriate treatment methods in high-risk patients.

Assessment of peritoneal thickness using CT in relation to dialysis adequacy in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Studies assessing peritoneal thickness by CT in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are lacking. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between peritoneal thickness as measured by CT and dialysis adequacy with peritoneal membrane characteristics in PD patients. Ninety-four PD patients were enrolled. Peritoneal thickness was measured by CT. Patients with and without a decrease in Kt/V of at least 0.3 over time were classified as Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. An increase of 0.1 unit of dialysate/plasma (D/P) creatinine over time were considered significant. The relationship between peritoneal membrane thickness, change in Kt/V, and peritoneal membrane characteristics were investigated. There were 31 (33.0%) patients in Group 1. The duration of PD (86.0 ± 64.1 vs. 59.6 ± 45.2 months, p: 0.023), peritoneal thickness (1.02 ± 0.37 vs. 0.87 ± 0.21 mm, p: 0.015), peritoneal calcification (7 [22.6%] vs. 3 [4.8%] patients, p: 0.013], increased D/P creatinine ratio (14 [45.2%] vs. 14 [22.2%] patients, p: 0.031) and CRP (13.9 ± 11.2 vs. 7.1 ± 4.8 mg/L, p: 0.045) were significantly higher in Group 1, whereas albumin (3.6 ± 0.5 vs. 3.8 ± 0.6 g/dL, p: 0.047) and parathyroid hormone (355.2 ± 260.2 vs. 532.1 ± 332.9 ng/L, p: 0.015) levels were significantly lower. Peritoneal thickness was significantly correlated with duration of PD (r: 0.775, p < 0.001) and CRP (r: 0.282, p: 0.006). Regression analysis showed that peritoneal thickness (Exp (B) [95% CI]: 0.029 [0.003-0.253], p: 0.001) was independent predictor of decreased Kt/V in PD patients. In conclusion, prolonged PD duration and increased peritoneal thickness are associated with a decrease in Kt/V over time. CT may be an alternative and noninvasive method instead of peritoneal biopsy for determining the structural changes of the peritoneal membrane .

Pleural effusion as an indicator of short term mortality in acute pulmonary embolism.

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is known as one of the major causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Identification of high risk patients for short term and long-term mortality is crucial. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the prognostic importance of simplified pulmonary embolism severity index (sPESI), radiological investigations and comorbidities in terms of short-term mortality by simultaneous assessment of sPESI score, pulmonary computed tomography (CT) angiography findings and underlying comorbidities in patients diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 570 patients diagnosed with acute PE confirmed by computer tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA). Comorbidities were recorded, pulmonary embolism severity index scores were calculated and CTPA data were evaluated as predictors for short-term mortality. RESULT: The study population consisted of 570 patients, 292 (51.2%) patients were female and 74 patients (12.9%) died within 30 days due to PE diagnosis. In univariate analysis male gender (p= 0.031), congestive heart failure (CHF)(p< 0.029), main pulmonary artery involvement (p= 0.045), presence of pleural effusion (p= 0.001) and pericardial effusion (p= 0.004) at time of diagnosis and high risk sPESI group (p< 0.001) had a significant influence on mortality. In the multivariate analysis, pleural effusions (HR, 1.67; CI, 1.05-2.66; p< 0.030) and sPESI high risk group (HR, 9.56; CI, 4.71-19.43; p< 0.001) were remained significant and independent prognostic factors for survival. CONCLUSIONS: The present study underlined that presence of pleural effusion at the time of diagnosis in patients with massive pulmonary embolism and a high sPESI score in other patients were significant predictors of short-term mortality.

Diaphragmatic Thickness Fraction in Subjects at High-Risk for COPD Exacerbations.

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound-based diaphragmatic thickness fraction is a reflection of the size and function of the diaphragm. This study aimed to examine the value of this measurement in identifying patients with COPD who are at high risk for the development of symptoms and exacerbations. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 53 subjects with COPD. Respiratory function test results, ultrasonography-based diaphragmatic thickness, symptom scores (modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale); COPD Assessment Test results, and number of previous exacerbations and admissions were recorded. RESULTS: Only age showed an inverse and weak relation with percent thickness fraction (r = -0.37, P = .006). None of the other variables tested correlated significantly with percent thickness fraction. No association was found between percent thickness fraction and exacerbation frequency, modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale and COPD Assessment Test symptom scores, or Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ABCD risk/symptom assessments. CONCLUSIONS: Diaphragmatic thickness fraction measurements based on diaphragmatic ultrasound assessment in subjects with COPD seemed to be unable to identify subjects at high risk of symptoms and exacerbations as defined by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ABCD composite disease index.

Parenchymal density changes in acute pulmonary embolism: Can quantitative CT be a diagnostic tool? A preliminary study.

PURPOSE: Determine the ability of quantitative CT (QCT) in defining parenchymal density changes in acute pulmonary embolism (PE). MATERIAL & METHODS: Mean lung density (MLD) and percentage distribution values (PDV) were calculated in 34 patients suspected of PE using software application based on computerized volumetric anatomical segmentation. RESULTS: Total, left, and right MLD differed significantly between emboli positive(n=23) and negative(n=11) groups(p<0.006, p<0.009, p<0.014). PDVs differed between groups (p<0.05) except for LUZ and RLZ. When PE was present in lobe &/segment branches, PDVs were significantly lower except RUZ. CONCLUSION: QCT is a promising application for defining parenchymal density changes in PE revealing potential functional impact of emboli. This preliminary study suggests QCT could provide added value to CTPA in peripheral PE.

Evaluation of sacroiliac joint MRI for pelvic venous congestion signs in women clinically suspected of sacroiliitis.

Background Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) is a commonly overlooked condition which is a potential cause of chronic pelvic pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) may demonstrate unexpected conditions that can mimic sacroiliitis (SI). Awareness of MRI-defined pelvic venous congestion (PVC) may help in identifying PCS, where vascular abnormality may be the sole manifestation of SIJ pain. Purpose To detect incidental MRI-defined PVC in patients who underwent SIJ-MRI for presumed SI and define the variance of its incidence. Material and Methods A total of 870 women who underwent SIJ-MRI were retrospectively evaluated. Incidental findings of PVC and other genitourinary and musculoskeletal system disorders were documented. Results Of the 774 included patients, 37% demonstrated incidentally detected imaging findings related to the genitourinary system, musculoskeletal system, and PVC. The prevalence of MRI-defined PVC signs was higher in patients without SI than with SI. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was higher in patients with SI whereas prevalence for genitourinary disorders was similar. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation between SI-PVC and SI-genitourinary disorders but not between SI-musculoskeletal disorders pairs ( P = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.057 > 0.05). The probability of observing SI in SIJ-MRI is positively correlated with the absence of PVC or genitourinary disorders. Conclusion Patients who underwent MRI for presumed SI demonstrated incidental PVC as well as other genitourinary and musculoskeletal findings. An awareness of these imaging findings can help identify PVC and may draw clinicians' attention to the possibility of PCS.

Sciatic neuroendometriosis: Magnetic resonance imaging defined perineural spread of endometriosis.

Catamenial sciatic radiculopathy resulting from endometriosis is a rare presentation of a common disease in which the pathogenesis of pain is still under debate. A 32-year-old woman presented complaining of infertility, catamenial sciatica, and pelvic and gluteal pain. Magnetic resonance imaging showed endometriotic infiltration of the left proximal lumbosacral plexus, sacral nerve track, sciatic nerve at the sciatic notch and pudendal nerve along the iliococcygeus muscle, together with left endometrioma and deep infiltrating endometriosis lesions. Laparoscopic endometriosis surgery was performed after all of the complications and possible outcomes of the surgery were discussed with the patient. Our case report highlights the importance of magnetic resonance imaging evidence of perineural spread, outlining the pathophysiology of the pelvic pain associated with neuroendometriosis.

Susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of deep infiltrating endometriosis: preliminary results.

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the precise sites of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) lesions is essential for preoperative workup and treatment. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) has high sensitivity for blood products and have recently been applied in abdominal imaging. PURPOSE: To determine the value of SWI in the diagnosis of DIE. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-three clinically suspected DIE patients with sonographically diagnosed ovarian endometriomas who had tenderness or palpable nodule(s) on rectovaginal examination were referred to pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including SWI. Two patients were excluded from the study because of low quality of SWI series. Twenty-eight patients who were offered laparoscopic endometriosis surgery (LES) preferred medical treatment over surgical approach. Thirteen out of 41 participants had LES. Lesions were evaluated for their locations, signal intensities on T1-weighted (T1W) and T2-weighted (T2W) images, and presence of signal voids on SWI using 3T MRI and correlated with LES findings. RESULTS: A total of 18 endometriosis foci were laparoscopically removed from 13 patients. DIE lesions removed at laparoscopy were located at the uterosacral ligament (9/18), rectovaginal region (4/18), retrocervical region (2/18), and fallopian tubes (3/18). Eleven out of 18 (61%) DIE foci were detected by their high-signal intensities on T1W images whereas 16 out of 18 (89%) DIE foci were detected by signal voids on SWI. CONCLUSION: SWI imaging with its high sensitivity to blood products, contributes to the diagnosis of DIE by depicting different phases of hemorrhage not seen by conventional MRI sequences.

Prevalence of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging-identified pelvic organ prolapse in pre- and postmenopausal women without clinically evident pelvic organ descent.

Background Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is an imaging tool that can be used to evaluate and stage pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Greater understanding of the incidental detection of POP in asymptomatic patients is needed. Purpose To evaluate the prevalence of dMRI-detected POP in pre-and postmenopausal women who were imaged for reasons unrelated to pelvic floor dysfunction. Material and Methods A total of 227 women who had diagnoses that did not include POP underwent abdominal/pelvic dMRI. Patients with a positive gynecological examination for or a clinical history of POP ( n = 11), hysterectomy ( n = 4), or gynecologic-oncology surgery ( n = 2) were excluded, as well as patients who were unable to strain during MRI ( n = 11). A total of 199 patients without visible prolapse were enrolled in the study. An H-line, M-line, pubococcygeal line (PCL), and mid-pubic line (MPL) were used to detect and grade prolapse. Results The prevalence of dMRI-identified POP was higher in postmenopausal subjects. The PCL led to a greater frequency of prolapse detection than the MPL. The frequency of middle compartment descent was similar regardless of whether the PCL or MPL was used as a reference line. There was a higher incidence of prolapse in the posterior compartment. Using an H-line and PCL as references, the anterior and posterior compartments were found to significantly differ between pre- and postmenopausal subjects. The MRI parameters that were used to define POP were not correlated with parity, vaginal birth, BMI, or fetal birth weight. With respect to the MPL, age was correlated with both the presence of an elongated H-line and with descent. Conclusion Dynamic MRI identified incidental pelvic organ prolapse in asymptomatic patients. The prevalence of dMRI-detected POP was higher in postmenopausal women without visible prolapse. These findings suggest the need for further studies to identify how to modify the currently used dMRI thresholds for postmenopausal women.

Correlation of clot distribution with morphometric measurements and pleuroparenchymal findings in acute pulmonary embolism: experience with 692 cases.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to determine if clot distribution in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) correlates with morphometric measurements of right heart function, reflux in inferior vena cava (IVC), and pleuroparenchymal findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 692 computed tomography pulmonary angiographies with PE were enrolled, and patients were grouped according to clot localization. Parenchymal findings, morphometric measurements of right heart function, and contrast reflux in IVC were noted. RESULTS: Differences were found between groups for most measurements, and central PE was associated with significantly higher right ventricle (RV) and pulmonary artery diameters, ratio of RV diameter to left ventricle (LV) diameter (RV/LV) ≥ 1, and IVC reflux. CONCLUSIONS: Significant association was present among clot distribution in PE, morphometrics, IVC reflux, and pleuroparenchymal findings.