RESUMO
In order to acquire prevalence and genetic data on Cryptosporidium infections in captive lizards and snakes kept as pets, a survey was conducted on 150 individual reptiles from southern Italy. Fecal samples were preserved in 5% formalin and analyzed using a commercial immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts. IFA revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in nine of the 150 samples examined (6.0%), precisely in 6/125 snakes (4.8%) and in 3/25 lizards (12.0%); all fecal samples tested negative for the presence of Giardia cysts. Molecular characterization based on nested PCR amplification and sequencing of the SSU-rRNA gene, revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium serpentis in three samples from snakes (Boa constrictor constrictor, Elapheguttata guttata guttata and Python molurus).
Assuntos
Criptosporidiose/veterinária , Cryptosporidium/isolamento & purificação , Lagartos/parasitologia , Animais de Estimação/parasitologia , Serpentes/parasitologia , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Cloaca/parasitologia , Criptosporidiose/epidemiologia , Criptosporidiose/parasitologia , Cryptosporidium/classificação , Cryptosporidium/genética , DNA de Protozoário/química , DNA de Protozoário/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/parasitologia , Itália/epidemiologia , Microscopia de Fluorescência/veterinária , Oocistos/classificação , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , RNA Ribossômico/genética , Homologia de SequênciaRESUMO
Reptiles have increased in popularity worldwide; snakes and lizards are frequently used as pets. As a consequence of their popularity, the interest of the scientific community in these animals has increased. In order to acquire epidemiological data on the parasitic infections affecting reptiles in Italy a survey was carried out in 125 snakes and 25 lizards bred in the Campania region of southern Italy. Individual fecal samples were collected and FLOTAC was used for copromicroscopic diagnosis. Eimeriidae, oxyurids, strongylids, other gastro-intestinal nematodes and pulmonary nematodes were the most representative parasites found. Eggs of pseudoparasites (mites, oxyurids and trichurids affecting rodents) were also found. The use of FLOTAC for diagnosis of parasitic infections in reptiles has demonstrated to be a rapid and sensitive test to improve diagnosis and acquire new information on the parasitological fauna of reptiles.
Assuntos
Fezes/parasitologia , Lagartos/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/diagnóstico , Serpentes/parasitologia , Animais , Animais Domésticos , Cloaca/parasitologia , Itália/epidemiologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologiaRESUMO
Based on gene expression data, we tested the P8A-CCL2 variant of the chemokine CCL2, able to interfere with the chemotactic properties of the parental molecule, in relapsing-remitting (RR)-EAE SJL. Only preventive treatment significantly delayed disease onset in a dose dependent manner. P8A-CCL2 administration, however, decreased demyelination, axonal loss and number of CNS infiltrating T cells and macrophages. Immunological analysis revealed that P8A-CCL2 does not act on Ag-specific T cell proliferation and does not interfere with the differentiation of IFNgamma-releasing effectors T cells. These results suggest that the therapeutic mechanism of P8A-CCL2 may rely on interference with immune cell recruitment.
Assuntos
Quimiocina CCL2/farmacologia , Quimiotaxia de Leucócito/efeitos dos fármacos , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/imunologia , Bainha de Mielina/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Animais , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Quimiocina CCL2/síntese química , Quimiocina CCL2/uso terapêutico , Quimiotaxia de Leucócito/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Bainha de Mielina/imunologia , Bainha de Mielina/patologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Degeneração Walleriana/tratamento farmacológico , Degeneração Walleriana/imunologia , Degeneração Walleriana/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
MEN 11066 is a new non-steroidal compound which potently inhibits human placenta (K(i)=0.5 nM) and rat ovarian (K(i)=0.2 nM) aromatase in vitro. In vivo, a single oral dose of 0.3 mgkg(-1) significantly decreased uterus weight in immature rats after stimulation of uterus growth by androstenedione. MEN 11066 reduced in a dose-dependent manner plasma estradiol levels in adult female rats treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG). After 2 weeks of repeated daily treatment in adult rats, a significant decrease in uterine weight was observed together with a 65% decrease in plasma estradiol, whereas plasma levels of testosterone, progesterone, aldosterone, corticosterone, cholesterol, LH and FSH were not affected. The lack of any effect by MEN 11066 on adrenal steroids was confirmed by the unchanged plasma corticosterone and aldosterone levels in immature rats and also in adult rats when the repeated treatment with MEN 11066 (15 days) was followed by the administration of a synthetic ACTH analogue. No change in 11beta-hydroxylase or 21-hydroxylase activities was produced in vitro by the addition of 10 microM MEN 11066. Fifteen-day treatment with MEN 11066 did not produce changes in several rat hepatic enzymatic activities involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics. These results demonstrated that MEN 11066 is a potent inhibitor of aromatase which does not interfere with the cytochrome P450 involved in the synthesis of other steroids or in the metabolism of xenobiotics.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Aromatase , Benzofuranos/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Triazóis/farmacologia , Administração Oral , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/análogos & derivados , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/farmacologia , Androstenodiona/farmacologia , Animais , Aromatase/metabolismo , Benzofuranos/química , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Gonadotropinas Equinas/farmacologia , Humanos , Fígado/enzimologia , Oxigenases de Função Mista/antagonistas & inibidores , Oxigenases de Função Mista/metabolismo , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovário/enzimologia , Placenta/enzimologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Esteroides/sangue , Triazóis/química , Útero/efeitos dos fármacos , Útero/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Type 1 diabetes in Sardinia is very common in children, and we hypothesized that Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adult (LADA) might constitute a significant proportion of diabetes in adult Sardinian subjects. Since Type 2 diabetes is a familial disorder, we tested this hypothesis by investigating the prevalence of GAD65 and IA-2 autoantibodies (Ab) in Type 2 diabetes multiplex families of Sardinian ancestry enrolled in the Study Group for the Genetics of Diabetes in Sardinia. METHODS: A total of 684 individuals were ascertained from 252 Sardinian Type 2 diabetes multiplex families with 2.4 affected siblings per family comprising 190 families with two affected, 37 with three, 15 with four, 7 with five, and 3 with six, in addition to 80 unaffected siblings. Controls were household contacts representing 204 healthy spouses of affected siblings. Diagnosis was at 35-69 years of age and insulin was not given in the first 4 years after diagnosis. GAD65Ab and IA-2Ab were determined in standard radioligand binding assays. RESULTS: Among affected siblings GAD65Ab were positive in 8.8% of insulin-treated (n = 137; P = 0.0006), in 2.5% of non-insulin-treated (n = 467), and in 1.2% of non-diabetic siblings (n = 80) compared with 0.5% of controls (n = 204). IA-2Ab was positive in 6.6% insulin-treated (P = 0.04), 2.1% non-insulin-treated, and 2.5% non-diabetic siblings compared with 1.5% of controls. CONCLUSION: A high frequency of GAD65Ab and IA-2Ab as markers of Type 1 diabetes was found among Type 2 diabetes siblings from Sardinian multiplex families despite excluding those who had been treated with insulin during the first 4 years of disease. Our data support the hypothesis that LADA may be common in Sardinian Type 2 diabetes and stress the importance of investigating markers of Type 1 diabetes in studies of Type 2 diabetes.
Assuntos
Autoanticorpos/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/imunologia , Glutamato Descarboxilase/imunologia , Isoenzimas/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Núcleo Familiar , Ensaio RadioliganteRESUMO
Two distinct IL-18 neutralizing strategies, i.e. a rabbit polyclonal anti-mouse IL-18 IgG and a recombinant human IL-18 binding protein (rhIL-18BP), were used to treat collagen-induced-arthritic DBA/1 mice after clinical onset of disease. The therapeutic efficacy of neutralizing endogenous IL-18 was assessed using different pathological parameters of disease progression. The clinical severity in mice undergoing collagen-induced arthritis was significantly reduced after treatment with both IL-18 neutralizing agents compared to placebo treated mice. Attenuation of the disease was associated with reduced cartilage erosion evident on histology. The decreased cartilage degradation was further documented by a significant reduction in the levels of circulating cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (an indicator of cartilage turnover). Both strategies efficiently slowed disease progression, but only anti-IL-18 IgG treatment significantly decreased an established synovitis. Serum levels of IL-6 were significantly reduced with both neutralizing strategies. In vitro, neutralizing IL-18 resulted in a significant inhibition of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IFN-gamma secretion by macrophages. These results demonstrate that neutralizing endogenous IL-18 is therapeutically efficacious in the murine model of collagen-induced arthritis. IL-18 neutralizing antibody or rhIL-18BP could therefore represent new disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs that warrant testing in clinical trials in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Assuntos
Artrite/terapia , Colágeno/imunologia , Glicoproteínas/uso terapêutico , Imunoglobulina G/uso terapêutico , Interleucina-18/fisiologia , Animais , Artrite/sangue , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Interleucina-18/antagonistas & inibidores , Interleucina-18/sangue , Interleucina-6/biossíntese , Interleucina-6/sangue , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos DBA , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapêutico , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossínteseRESUMO
A high incidence of autoimmune Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) has been clearly established in Sardinia. Although systematic epidemiological studies are still not available, an increased prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies (ATA) has been documented in the Sardinian adult population as compared to other Italian regions, suggesting that thyroid autoimmune disease may also have increased. We carried out a preliminary study with the aim of determining the prevalence of serological markers of thyroid (anti-thyroperoxydase antibodies, TPOAb) and islet cell (ICA) autoimmunity in a large number (no.=2249) of sera obtained from cord-blood of Sardinian pregnant women at delivery. The prevalence of TPOAb was 11.9%, while ICA were detected in 59 cases (2.6%). A higher prevalence of TPOAb (6/17=35.3%) was found in sera with high ICA titers (> or = 20 JDF-U), as compared to sera with low ICA titers (5-19 JDF-U) and to ICA-negative sera (3/42=7,1%; chi2=5.4, p=0.02 and 258/2190=11,8%; chi2=6.8, p=0.009 respectively). Fourteen women (all ICA-negative) were diabetic: 4 had Type 1 and 10 had gestational DM; due to the low number, no correlation could be established between DM type and TPOAb prevalence and/or titer. These preliminary data indicate that ATA are frequently observed in the general population of Sardinian pregnant women at term. As a consequence, even the frequency of postpartum thyroiditis is expected to be high. Although ATA were not increased in women with clinical overt diabetes, a higher prevalence of ATA was found in women with high titers of circulating ICA. Our results also confirm that Sardinia represents, perhaps for its peculiar genetic characteristics, an ideal place to study organ-specific autoimmunity.
Assuntos
Autoanticorpos/análise , Parto Obstétrico , Iodeto Peroxidase/imunologia , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/imunologia , Gravidez/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Gestacional/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Itália , Gravidez em Diabéticas/imunologiaRESUMO
We have investigated the pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of ricinoleic acid (RA), the main active principle of castor oil, in an experimental model of blepharitis induced by intradermal injection of carrageenan in the guinea-pig eyelid and its possible capsaicin-like mode of action on acutely dissociated rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons in vitro. Topical treatment with RA (10-100 mg/guinea-pig) or capsaicin (1-10 mg/guinea-pig) caused eyelid reddening and oedema. At lower doses (0.3-3 mg/guinea-pig and 0.009-0.09 mg/guinea-pig for RA and capsaicin, respectively) both drugs significantly potentiated the eyelid oedema induced by carrageenan. The tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist FK 888 (0.59 mg/kg s.c.) abolished the potentiation of carrageenan-induced eyelid oedema induced by either RA or capsaicin. The neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, thiorphan (1.3 mg/kg i.v.) significantly enhanced the potentiation of carrageenan-induced eyelid oedema produced by RA. This potentiating effect was abolished by FK 888. Repeated (8 days) topical application of RA (0.9 mg/guinea-pig) or capsaicin (0.09 mg/guinea-pig) inhibited the carrageenan-induced eyelid oedema. This anti-inflammatory effect was accompanied by a reduction (75%-80% of SP and 46%-51% of NKA) in tachykinin content of the eyelids, as determined by radioimmunoassay. In dissociated rat DRG neurons, RA (0.1 mM for 5 min) significantly inhibited the inward currents induced by application of capsaicin (1 microM) and/or low pH (5.8), without inducing any currents by itself or changing voltage-dependent currents. Moreover, after 24-h incubation, RA (0.1 mM) significantly decreased the capsaicin (1 microM)-induced calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release from rat DRG neurons, whereas acute drug superfusion did not evoke CGRP release by itself. Summarizing, RA possesses capsaicin-like dual pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties which are observed upon acute and repeated application, respectively. However, unlike capsaicin, RA does not induce inward current in DRG neurons and it is devoid of algesic properties in vivo.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Blefarite/tratamento farmacológico , Capsaicina/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Ricinoleicos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/química , Blefarite/induzido quimicamente , Blefarite/metabolismo , Peptídeo Relacionado com Gene de Calcitonina/metabolismo , Carragenina/efeitos adversos , Células Cultivadas , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Feminino , Gânglios Espinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Gânglios Espinais/metabolismo , Cobaias , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/metabolismo , Lectinas/administração & dosagem , Lectinas/química , Masculino , Neurocinina A/metabolismo , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/química , Lectinas de Plantas , Ratos , Sementes/química , Substância P/metabolismoAssuntos
Infecções por Herpesviridae/epidemiologia , Herpesvirus Humano 8/metabolismo , Pré-Escolar , Saúde da Família , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/virologia , Humanos , Lactente , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Itália , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Mães , Gravidez , Complicações na GravidezRESUMO
We have investigated the pharmacological properties of MEN 11467, a novel partially retro-inverse peptidomimetic antagonist of tachykinin NK(1) receptors. MEN 11467 potently inhibits the binding of [(3)H] substance P (SP) to tachykinin NK(1) receptors in the IM9 limphoblastoid cell line (pK(i) = 9.4 +/- 0.1). MEN 11467 is highly specific for the human tachykinin NK(1) receptors, since it has negligible effects (pK(i) <6) on the binding of specific ligands to tachykinin NK(2) or NK(3) receptors and to a panel of 30 receptors ion channels unrelated to tachykinin receptors. The antagonism exerted by MEN 11467 at tachykinin NK(1) receptors is insurmountable in saturation binding experiments, both K(D) and B(max) of SP were significantly reduced by MEN 11467 (0.3-10 nM). In the guinea-pig isolated ileum, MEN 11467 (0.03-1 nM) produced a nonparallel rightward shift of the concentration-response curve to SP methylester with a concomitant reduction of the Emax to the agonist (pK(B) = 10.7 +/- 0.1). Moreover the antagonist activity of MEN 11467 was hardly reversible despite prolonged washout. In vivo, MEN 11467 produced a long lasting (> 2-3h) dose-dependent antagonism of bronchoconstriction induced by the selective tachykinin NK(1) receptor agonist, [Sar(9), Met(O(2))(11)]SP in anaesthetized guinea-pigs (ID(50)s' = 29+/-5, 31+/-12 and 670+/-270 microg/kg, after intravenous, intranasal and intraduodenal administration, respectively), without affecting bronchoconstriction induced by methacholine. After oral administration MEN 11467 produced a dose-dependent inhibition of plasma protein extravasation induced in guinea-pig bronchi by [Sar(9), Met(O(2))(11)] (ID(50) = 6.7 +/- 2 mg/kg) or by antigen challenge in sensitized animals (ID(50) = 1.3 mg/kg). After i.v. administration MEN 11467 weakly inhibited the GR 73632-induced foot tapping behaviour in gerbil (ED(50) = 2.96 +/- 2 mg/kg), indicating a poor ability to block central tachykinin NK(1) receptors. These results demonstrate that MEN 11467 is a potent, highly selective and orally effective insurmountable pseudopeptide antagonist of peripheral tachykinin NK(1) receptors with a long duration of action.
Assuntos
Cicloexilaminas/farmacologia , Indóis/farmacologia , Antagonistas dos Receptores de Neurocinina-1 , Substância P/análogos & derivados , Administração Oral , Animais , Broncoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacos , Cicloexilaminas/administração & dosagem , Cicloexilaminas/química , Gerbillinae , Cobaias , Indóis/administração & dosagem , Indóis/química , Linfoma/metabolismo , Masculino , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Receptores da Neurocinina-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores da Neurocinina-3/antagonistas & inibidores , Substância P/metabolismo , Substância P/farmacologia , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
The antinociceptive effect of ricinoleic acid ([R-(Z)]-12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid) in comparison with capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) has been investigated in several "in vivo" tests. Acute topical application of capsaicin, but not ricinoleic acid, produced by itself an hyperalgesic effect detected as a decrease in paw withdrawal latency in response to a painful (heat) stimulus in mice. Capsaicin, but not ricinoleic acid at any dose tested, showed an irritant effect in the wiping test in guinea pig conjunctiva after local application and in the paw licking test in mice after intradermal injection. Whereas acute application of ricinoleic acid or capsaicin decreased paw withdrawal latency to heat in the presence of a pre-existing inflammation (injection of carrageenan in the mouse paw), the repeated local treatment for 8 days with either compounds markedly increased paw withdrawal latency. In a chronic model of inflammation (complete Freund's adjuvant arthritis in mice), the repeated topical and intradermal treatments with both ricinoleic acid and capsaicin increased paw withdrawal latency to heat, the antinociceptive effect of ricinoleic acid being more persistent than that of capsaicin. Antinociceptive effect of 8 days of treatment with ricinoleic acid and capsaicin was observed in acetic acid-induced writhing in mice, capsaicin-induced foot licking in mice and capsaicin-induced wiping movements in guinea pig conjunctiva. A decrease of substance P tissue levels in the mouse paw was found after repeated treatment with ricinoleic acid. In conclusion, ricinoleic acid seems to be a new antinociceptive agent lacking the pungent and acute hyperalgesic properties of capsaicin.
Assuntos
Capsaicina/farmacologia , Túnica Conjuntiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Medição da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Ricinoleicos/farmacologia , Administração Tópica , Animais , Capsaicina/uso terapêutico , Carragenina , Túnica Conjuntiva/fisiologia , Cobaias , Membro Posterior/efeitos dos fármacos , Membro Posterior/fisiologia , Temperatura Alta , Hiperalgesia/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Camundongos , Ácidos Ricinoleicos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of three magnetic resonance (MR) imaging signs for the diagnosis of superior labrum anterior-posterior (SLAP) tears. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 23 consecutive patients with a type 2, 3, or 4 SLAP tear at arthroscopy and 31 age-matched control patients with an arthroscopically normal or type 1 SLAP lesion. The superior labrum was evaluated on MR images for high signal intensity extending to the articular surface in the posterior third of the labrum, an irregular or laterally curved area of high signal intensity, or two high-signal-intensity lines. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of posterior high signal intensity for a type 2, 3, or 4 SLAP tear were 48%, 94%, and 74%, respectively, for observer 1 and 61%, 81%, and 72%, respectively, for observer 2. For laterally curved area of high signal intensity, these values were 65%, 84%, and 76%, respectively, and 56%, 84%, and 72%, respectively. For two high-signal-intensity lines, these values were 17%, 94%, and 61%, respectively, and 13%, 94%, and 59%, respectively. For the presence of either posterior or laterally curved high signal intensity, the sensitivity was 65% for both observers, whereas the specificity was 84% for observer 1 and 74% for observer 2. The kappa values for interobserver agreement were 0.60 for posterior high signal intensity and 0.58 for laterally curved high signal intensity. CONCLUSION: Laterally curved and posterior high signal intensities are specific signs for distinguishing a SLAP tear from a normal-variant superior sublabral recess.
Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Lesões do Ombro , Articulação do Ombro/patologia , Traumatismos dos Tendões , Tendões/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Artroscopia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/instrumentação , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Estudos Prospectivos , Ruptura , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeAssuntos
Dermatan Sulfato/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Cofator II da Heparina/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Protrombina/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Doenças Vasculares/etiologia , Doenças Vasculares/metabolismoRESUMO
The delayed functional cardiotoxic effects of repeated treatment with the new disaccharide anthracycline MEN 10755 and doxorubicin (1.5 mg/kg, i.v., once a week for 5 consecutive weeks) were investigated in the rat. Changes were assessed (2 days and 4 and 13 weeks after the last treatment) in ECG morphology, hemodynamics, in vivo left ventricular contractile responses to beta-adrenergic stimulation, and histopathology of both atria and ventricles. Doxorubicin induced significant and progressive prolongation of the QalphaT interval starting 2 days after suspension of treatment. At 4 and 13 weeks after the last treatment, the ECG showed a further progressive and significant impairment. MEN 10755 induced alterations similar in nature but of lesser severity compared with doxorubicin. In addition, MEN 10755-induced prolongation of the QalphaT interval was not progressive, being similar at 4 and 13 weeks after the last treatment. Although the hemodynamics were only slightly affected by both anthracyclines, a nearly complete ablation of isoprenaline-induced enhancement of ventricular function was observed 4 and 13 weeks after the last treatment with doxorubicin, whereas only mild, if any, reduction was detected in rats receiving MEN 10755. Histopathologic investigations indicated that both anthracyclines produced qualitatively similar alterations in ventricular myocytes. However, only with doxorubicin did these changes show a progression with a further significant worsening at 13 weeks as compared with 4 weeks after the last treatment. In addition, atrial lesions were evident in doxorubicin-treated rats, but not in rats receiving MEN 10755. In conclusion, an equimyelotoxic regimen of MEN 10755 produced, as compared with doxorubicin, lesser ECG alterations, smaller impairment of the ventricular response to adrenergic stimulation, and less severe myocyte lesions. Unlike doxorubicin, the histologic and functional cardiotoxic effects induced by MEN 10755 were not progressive. Further investigations are warranted to define the pharmacodynamic and/or pharmacokinetic mechanism(s) underlying the different cardiotoxic profile exhibited by the two anthracyclines.
Assuntos
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/toxicidade , Dissacarídeos/toxicidade , Doxorrubicina/análogos & derivados , Cardiopatias/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Doxorrubicina/toxicidade , Eletrocardiografia/efeitos dos fármacos , Cardiopatias/patologia , Cardiopatias/fisiopatologia , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Miocárdio/patologia , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Sistema Nervoso Simpático/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Nervoso Simpático/fisiologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Observational studies indicate that topical application of ricinoleic acid (RA), the main component of castor oil, exerts remarkable analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Pharmacological characterization has shown similarities between the effects of RA and those of capsaicin, suggesting a potential interaction of this drug on sensory neuropeptide-mediated neurogenic inflammation. The aim of this study was to assess RA anti-inflammatory activities in comparison with capsaicin in several models of acute and subchronic inflammation. The acute inflammation was induced by intradermal injection of carrageenan in the mouse or by histamine in the guinea-pig eyelid. In either experiment, the extent of the oedema thickness was measured. Subchronic oedema was induced by complete Freund's adjuvant injection in the ventral right paw of mice. Tissue substance P (SP) was measured in the carrageenan experiments by radioimmunoassay (RIA). It was found that the acute topical application of RA (0.9 mg/mouse) or capsaicin (0.09 mg/mouse) significantly increased the mouse paw oedema induced by carrageenan, while an 8-day repeated topical treatment with the same doses of both compounds resulted in a marked inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw oedema matched by a reduction in SP tissue levels. Similar effects were found against histamine-induced eyelid oedema in guinea-pigs after acute or repeated application of RA or capsaicin. RA and capsaicin given for 1-3 weeks reduced the established oedema induced by Freund's adjuvant, a subchronic model of inflammation, particularly if given by the intradermal route. Either in mouse paw or in guinea-pig eyelid, capsaicin but not RA by itself produced a slight hyperemia and activation of a behavioural response (e.g. scratching of the eyelids). On the basis of the present results, RA may be seen as a new capsaicin-like, non-pungent anti-inflammatory agent suitable for peripheral application.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Palpebrais/tratamento farmacológico , Ácidos Ricinoleicos/uso terapêutico , Doença Aguda , Administração Tópica , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Capsaicina/administração & dosagem , Capsaicina/uso terapêutico , Carragenina/administração & dosagem , Carragenina/imunologia , Doença Crônica , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/imunologia , Doenças Palpebrais/imunologia , Pálpebras/imunologia , Adjuvante de Freund/administração & dosagem , Adjuvante de Freund/imunologia , Cobaias , Histamina/administração & dosagem , Histamina/imunologia , Injeções Intradérmicas , Masculino , Ácidos Ricinoleicos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
We have evaluated the potential protective activity of nepadutant, a selective tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist, in a model of acute rectocolitis induced by an enema with 7.5% acetic acid in guinea-pigs. The injury was quantified visually by using a macroscopic injury score, and histologically by using a necrosis score. In addition, changes in myeloperoxidase activity, a marker for neutrophil infiltration, and plasma protein extravasation were evaluated. The injury caused by 7.5% acetic acid was mild, affecting the superficial layers and producing a strong edema of the submucosa. A single administration of nepadutant (0.3-10 mg/kg s.c., 1 h before acetic acid) markedly reduced the macroscopic damage and necrosis score and the increase in plasma protein extravasation induced by 7.5% acetic acid in the early phase of the injury. Single administration of nepadutant (3 mg/kg s.c.) reduced the macroscopic score and myeloperoxidase activity at the top (24 h) of inflammation. Repeated administration (3 mg/kg s.c. three times during 24 h) or co-administration of the tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist MEN 11467 (3 mg/kg s.c.) did not enhance the antiulcer effect obtained with the single treatment with nepadutant. These data suggest the involvement of tachykinin NK2 receptors in the first phases of inflammation induced by acetic acid.
Assuntos
Peptídeos Cíclicos/uso terapêutico , Proctocolite/prevenção & controle , Receptores da Neurocinina-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Taquicininas/fisiologia , Ácido Acético/toxicidade , Animais , Cicloexilaminas/farmacologia , Cobaias , Indóis/farmacologia , Masculino , Antagonistas dos Receptores de Neurocinina-1 , Peptídeos Cíclicos/farmacologia , Peroxidase/análise , Proctocolite/induzido quimicamente , Proctocolite/patologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MEN 11467 (1R,2S)-2-N[1(H)indol-3-yl-carbonyl]-1-N{N-(p-tolylacetyl)-N-(meth yl)-D-3(2-Naphthyl)alanyl}diaminocyclohexane), a new potent tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist, in an experimental model of acute rectocolitis induced by an enema with 7.5% acetic acid in guinea-pigs. This effect was compared to that of mesalazine (5-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid). The injury was quantified visually by using a macroscopic injury score and histologically by using a necrosis score. In addition, changes in myeloperoxidase activity, a marker for neutrophil infiltration, and plasma protein extravasation were evaluated. The injury caused by 7.5% acetic acid was mild, affecting the superficial layers and producing a strong edema of the submucosa. A single administration of MEN 11467 (0.3-10 mg/kg s.c., I h before acetic acid) reduced the macroscopic damage and necrosis score and the increase in plasma protein extravasation induced by 7.5% acetic acid in the early acute phase of the injury (death at 2.5 h). Mesalazine (100 mg/kg p.o., 1 h before) reduced the macroscopic score but not the plasma protein extravasation. Repeated administration of MEN 11467 (1-3 mg/kg s.c., -1, +6 and +23 h after 7.5% acetic acid) reduced the macroscopic score and myeloperoxidase activity but not the plasma protein extravasation induced in the late phase of acute injury (death at 24 h). At this time mesalazine markedly reduced the macroscopic score, myeloperoxidase activity and plasma protein extravasation induced by 7.5% acetic acid. These results suggest a greater involvement of tachykinin NK1 receptors in the early phase than in the late phase of colonic inflammation in response to chemical injury.
Assuntos
Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Cicloexilaminas/uso terapêutico , Extravasamento de Materiais Terapêuticos e Diagnósticos/etiologia , Indóis/uso terapêutico , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Proctocolite/tratamento farmacológico , Receptores de Taquicininas/antagonistas & inibidores , Ácido Acético/efeitos adversos , Doença Aguda , Administração Retal , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Interações Medicamentosas , Cobaias , Masculino , Mesalamina/farmacologia , Proctocolite/induzido quimicamente , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The distributions of some genetic markers in 106 Sardinian individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and in a control sample of 186 nondiabetic Sardinians were studied. A strong association of IDDM with some phenotypes of ACP, PGM1, C3 and GC genetic markers was found. In the IDDM patients there is a significant increase of ACP B, ACP B-C, PGM1 1S-1F and GC 1S-2 phenotypes. Particularly the individuals with the ACP B, PGM1 1S-1F and GC 1S-2 phenotypes show the highest values of the relative risk (RR) and the attributable risk (AR) and seem to be more susceptible to IDDM disease.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Itália/epidemiologia , Masculino , FenótipoRESUMO
Splenogonadal fusion is a rare developmental anomaly usually presenting as a scrotal mass. The imaging findings and etiology of this condition are discussed. Knowledge of this entity may help to prevent unnecessary orchiectomy.