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1.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn ; 4(3): 303-15, 2004 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15137898

RESUMO

The detection and identification of microbial pathogens are critical challenges in clinical medicine and public health surveillance. Advances in genome analysis technology are providing an unprecedented amount of information about bacterial and viral organisms, and hold great potential for pathogen detection and identification. In this paper, a rational approach to the development and application of nucleic acid signatures is described based on phylogenetically informative sequence features, especially single nucleotide polymorphisms. The computational tools that are available to enable the development of the next generation of microbial molecular signatures for clinical diagnostics and infectious disease surveillance are reviewed and the impact on public health and national security will be discussed.


Assuntos
Bactérias/genética , Genética Microbiana/métodos , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular , Ácidos Nucleicos/análise , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Vírus/genética , Doenças Transmissíveis/diagnóstico , Doenças Transmissíveis/genética , Doenças Transmissíveis/microbiologia , Biologia Computacional , Evolução Molecular , Genômica , Humanos , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos
2.
Nature ; 428(6982): 529-35, 2004 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15057824

RESUMO

Chromosome 19 has the highest gene density of all human chromosomes, more than double the genome-wide average. The large clustered gene families, corresponding high G + C content, CpG islands and density of repetitive DNA indicate a chromosome rich in biological and evolutionary significance. Here we describe 55.8 million base pairs of highly accurate finished sequence representing 99.9% of the euchromatin portion of the chromosome. Manual curation of gene loci reveals 1,461 protein-coding genes and 321 pseudogenes. Among these are genes directly implicated in mendelian disorders, including familial hypercholesterolaemia and insulin-resistant diabetes. Nearly one-quarter of these genes belong to tandemly arranged families, encompassing more than 25% of the chromosome. Comparative analyses show a fascinating picture of conservation and divergence, revealing large blocks of gene orthology with rodents, scattered regions with more recent gene family expansions and deletions, and segments of coding and non-coding conservation with the distant fish species Takifugu.


Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Par 19/genética , Genes/genética , Mapeamento Físico do Cromossomo , Processamento Alternativo/genética , Animais , Composição de Bases , Sequência Conservada/genética , Ilhas de CpG/genética , Evolução Molecular , Duplicação Gênica , Genética Médica , Humanos , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Família Multigênica/genética , Pseudogenes/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA
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