RESUMO
It was aimed to evaluate whether gallic acid (GA) have a beneficial effect in the testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) model in rats for the first time. Testicular malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, superoxide dismutase, catalase, high mobility group box 1 protein, nuclear factor kappa B, tumor necrosis factoralpha, interleukin-6, myeloperoxidase, 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein, activating transcription factor 6, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein and caspase-3 levels were determined using colorimetric methods. The oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis levels increased statistically significantly in the IRI group compared with the sham operated group (p < 0.05). GA application improved these damage significantly (p < 0.05). Moreover, it was found that the results of histological examinations supported the biochemical results to a statistically significant extent. Our findings suggested that GA may be evaluated as a protective agent against testicular IRI.
Assuntos
Estresse do Retículo Endoplasmático , Ácido Gálico , Proteína HMGB1 , NF-kappa B , Estresse Oxidativo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Torção do Cordão Espermático , Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse do Retículo Endoplasmático/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Gálico/farmacologia , Ácido Gálico/administração & dosagem , Proteína HMGB1/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína HMGB1/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/efeitos dos fármacos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Torção do Cordão Espermático/tratamento farmacológico , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/metabolismo , Testículo/patologiaRESUMO
Cisplatin (CDDP) is an important chemotherapeutic agent, accumulation of which in kidney tissue causes nephrotoxicity and renal failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time in the literature, the protective effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extract of Primula vulgaris leaf (PVE) against CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The PVE content was characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Nephrotoxicity was induced with a single dose of CDDP (7.5 mg/kg). Thirty female Wistar-Albino rats were divided into five groups (control, DMSO, CDDP (7.5 mg/kg), CDDP + PVE (25 mg/kg), and CDDP + PVE (50 mg/kg)). Biochemical and histopathological analyses were then performed. Rutin, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid and protocatechuic acid were identified as major components of PVE. Total antioxidant status and glutathione (GSH) values increased significantly in the serum samples from the treatment group compared to the CDDP group, while blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, oxidative stress index, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), total oxidant status, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) values decreased significantly. GSH levels increased significantly in the treatment group compared to the CDDP group, while TNF-α, caspase-3, 8-OHdG, MDA levels and damage scores decreased significantly. In conclusion, PVE exhibited strong protective effects through its anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities against nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage caused by CDDP in rats.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of Turkish propolis (EEP) on testicular ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in rats in terms of biochemistry and histopathology, for the first time. METHODS: A total of 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups with six rats in each group: control, torsion/detorsion (T/D), and T/D+EEP (100mg/kg). Testicular torsion was performed by 720° rotating the left testicle in a clockwise direction. The duration of ischemia was 4h and orchiectomy was performed after 2h of detorsion. EEP was applied only once 30min before detorsion. Tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were determined using colorimetric methods. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated by proportioning tissue TOS and TAS values to each other. Tissue glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Johnsen's testicle scoring system was used for histological evaluation. RESULTS: In the T/D group, it was determined that statistically significant decreasing in TAS, GSH, GPx levels and Johnsen score, and increasing in TOS, OSI and MDA levels (p<0.05) compared with control group. EEP administration statistically significantly restored this I/R damage (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to show that propolis prevent I/R-induced testicular damage through its antioxidant activity. More comprehensive studies are needed to see the underlying mechanisms.
Assuntos
Própole , Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Testículo , Própole/farmacologia , Própole/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Estresse Oxidativo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Isquemia , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , ReperfusãoRESUMO
BACKROUND: Testicular torsion (TT) is an urological emergency situation especially in adolescents and young men. The main pathophysiology of testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D) is ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. I/R induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) thought to play a critical role in tissue injury. Increasing evidence suggests that ER stress may play an important role in I/R-induced cell death. During ischemia, oxygen and glucose deprivation also causes abnormalities in protein folding processes. Antioxidants suppress oxidative stress directly as well as ER stress and thus gain importance in the treatment of pathologies associated with oxidative stress and ER stress, such as I/R damage. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) which is formed by the esterification of caffeic and quinic acids and is one of the most abundant phenolic acids in nature. There is also a growing body of studies reporting protective effects of CGA against I/R injury in different tissues, including intestinal, heart and brain. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of CGA on oxidative stress and ER stress in an experimental testicular I/R injury model. DESIGN: Rats were divided into three groups: control, T/D, and T/D + CGA. In the T/D + CGA group, 100 mg/kg CGA was given intraperitoneally 30 min before detorsion. While tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined manually using a colorimetric method, tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), 78-kDa glucose regulatory protein (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) levels were determined enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Johnsen's testicle scoring system was used for histological evaluation. RESULTS: In T/D group, tissue MDA, GRP78, ATF6 and CHOP levels were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05). These increases were significantly reversed with CGA pre-treatment (p < 0.05). The histopathological Johnsen score was significantly lower in the T/D group compared to the control group, but the level of histopathological Johnsen score was significantly restored by CGA pre-treatment (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: The relationship between I/R injury and ER stress has been emphasized frequently in recent years. This study in which the effects of CGA on TT were examined for the first time, showed that CGA can inhibit I/R-induced testicular damage. CONCLUSION: These results may provide a new insight into CGA and may form the first clinical theoretical basis for the possible use of CGA in the treatment of TT in the future. However, the real function of CGA in TT patients needs further investigation.
Assuntos
Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Torção do Cordão Espermático , Adolescente , Animais , Ácido Clorogênico/metabolismo , Ácido Clorogênico/farmacologia , Ácido Clorogênico/uso terapêutico , Estresse do Retículo Endoplasmático , Glucose/metabolismo , Glucose/farmacologia , Glucose/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Isquemia/complicações , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/etiologia , Torção do Cordão Espermático/complicações , Torção do Cordão Espermático/tratamento farmacológico , Torção do Cordão Espermático/metabolismo , Testículo/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of astaxanthin (ASX) on testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D) damage in rats in terms of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. METHODS: Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups with six rats in each group: control, T/D and T/D + 20 mg/kg ASX. Torsion and detorsion times were applied as 4 h and 2 h, respectively. ASX application was performed 30 minutes before detorsion. At the end of the period, testicular tissues were removed and biochemical and histological analyzes were performed. To evaluate the degree of oxidative stress, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were determined using colorimetric methods, while tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were determined using ELISA kit. To evaluate the degree of ER stress, tissue glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) levels were determined using ELISA kits. Johnsen's testicle scoring system was used for histological evaluation. RESULTS: In the T/D group, it is determined that statistically significant decreasing in TAS, SOD levels and Johnsen score, and increasing in TOS, OSI, MDA, GRP78, ATF6 and CHOP levels (p < 0.001) compared with control group. ASX administration statistically significantly restored this T/D-induced damage (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to show that ASX prevent T/D-induced testicular damage through its antioxidant activity. More comprehensive studies are needed to see the underlying mechanisms.
Assuntos
Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Torção do Cordão Espermático , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Estresse do Retículo Endoplasmático , Humanos , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/etiologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Torção do Cordão Espermático/complicações , Torção do Cordão Espermático/patologia , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , XantofilasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible therapeutic effect of chrysin (CHS) on testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D) injury in vivo through the mechanisms of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). METHODS: Eighteen male rats were divided into three groups of six subjects in each group: control, T/D and T/D + CHS (100 mg/kg). To evaluate the degree of oxidative stress, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were determined using colorimetric methods, while tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were determined using an ELISA kit. To evaluate the degree of ERS, tissue glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) levels were determined using ELISA kits. Johnsen's testicle scoring system was used for histological evaluation. RESULTS: In the T/D group, it is determined that statistically significant decreasing in the levels of TAS, SOD and Johnsen score, and increasing in TOS, MDA, GRP78, ATF6 and CHOP levels compared to control group (p < 0.05). CHS administration statistically significantly restored this T/D-induced damage (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to show that CHS prevent T/D-induced testicular damage through its ERS inhibitor activity. More comprehensive studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/08941939.2021.2015489 .
Assuntos
Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Torção do Cordão Espermático , Animais , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Estresse do Retículo Endoplasmático , Flavonoides , Humanos , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Torção do Cordão Espermático/complicações , Torção do Cordão Espermático/tratamento farmacológico , Torção do Cordão Espermático/patologia , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
Background/aim: Nowadays, with the rise in average life expectancy, the rate of hospitalization of the older population in intensive care unit (ICU) is gradually increasing. Unfortunately, there are no ideal combination of prognostic factors predicting the mortality in older patients admitted to the ICU. In the present study, we aim to determine the prognostic factors and their impacts on short-time mortality in older critically ill patients. Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed between January 2019 and February 2020. We included 133 patients aged ≥80 years and hospitalized ≥24 h in the ICU. Results: A total of 133 critically ill patients enrolled in the present study. And, the median age of the patients was 85 (80106) years. 30-days and overall ICU mortality rates were found 30.1% and 34.6%, respectively. The patients were grouped as survivors (n = 94) and nonsurvivors (n = 39). Hospital length of stay before the ICU admission was found significantly longer in nonsurvivors (p = 0.001). Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation-II (APACHE-II) score were significantly higher in nonsurvivors (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Also, blood lactate level and glucose level were respectively significantly higher in nonsurvivors (p < 0.001, p = 0.006). We found that modified nutrition risk in critically ill (mNUTRIC) score and prehospital clinical frailty scale (CFS) were independent prognostic factors for the older critically ill patients (HR = 9.19, 95% CI=1.4757.32, p = 0.018, HR = 20.16, 95% CI = 2.6354.07, p =0.004). Conclusion: mNUTRIC score and prehospital CFS score were the most important prognostic factors in the admission of older patients to intensive care units.
Assuntos
Estado Terminal , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , APACHE , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prognóstico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Primary renal angiosarcomas (AS) are uncommon tumors with poor prognosis. Aetiology is unknown but some unproven risk factors have been described. It is difficult to discriminate these masses from renal cell carcinomas or other renal masses with imaging modalities. Immunohistochemistry plays an important role in the diagnosis. Main treatment protocol for primary renal AS is still controversial and nephrectomy with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy seems the only treatment option. We state a primary renal angiosarcoma case for its rareness and contribution to literature.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemangiossarcoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Rim/patologia , Idoso , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Evolução Fatal , Hemangiossarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Insuficiência de Múltiplos Órgãos , Nefrectomia , Prognóstico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of berberine (BBR) on oxidative stress in an experimental testicular I/R injury model. METHODS: Eighteen rats were divided into three groups: control group, torsion-detorsion (T/D) group, and BBRâ¯+â¯T/D group. In the pre-treatment of the BBR group, 200â¯mg/kg BBR was given intraperitoneally 30â¯min before detorsion. Tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were determined using colorimetric methods. Histological evaluation of the tissue samples was evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS: In T/D group, tissue MDA, TOS, and oxidative stress index levels were higher than control group. These increases were significantly reversed with BBR pre-treatment. Although Johnsen scores were lower in T/D group than the control group, BBR pre-treatment recovered the Johnsen scores. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that BBR can inhibit I/R-induced testicular injury by suppressing oxidative stress. Further studies may prove that BBR is a useful agent as an adjunctive treatment in surgical repair in human cases.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Berberina/uso terapêutico , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/fisiopatologia , Torção do Cordão Espermático/tratamento farmacológico , Torção do Cordão Espermático/fisiopatologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Distribuição Aleatória , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Torção do Cordão Espermático/patologiaRESUMO
Our hypothesis was that intubations with the McGRATH MAC videolaryngoscope in elderly patients would produce less hemodynamic responses and ECG changes than the Macintosh direct laryngoscope. The patients were divided into two groups: patients who were intubated using the McGRATH MAC (Group V, n = 45) and patients who were intubated using the Macintosh direct laryngoscope (Group L, n = 45). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) were recorded before induction with anesthesia (baseline), immediately after induction and at 1 min, 3 min, and 5 min after intubation, with simultaneous ECG. When Group L was compared to Group V, there was an increase in the first, third and fitth minutes after intubation in terms of HR. SBP, MAP increased only at 1 min after intubation and DBP increased in the first and third minutes after intubation in Group L. In Group L, there was a significant difference in the HR values immediately after induction and the first minute after intubation compared with the baseline values. There was a difference in the SBP values immediately after induction and at 3 min and 5 min after intubation compared with the baseline values. There was a difference in DBP and MAP values immediately after induction and at 5 min after intubation. When the McGRATH MAC videolaryngoscope was compared with the Macintosh direct laryngoscope in elderly patients, the McGRATH MAC videolaryngoscope decreased the hemodynamic fluctuations due to tracheal intubation.
Assuntos
Eletrocardiografia , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Intubação Intratraqueal , Laringoscópios , Gravação em Vídeo , Idoso , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Diástole/fisiologia , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Sístole/fisiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the protective effects against ischemia reperfusion injury of dipyridamole in a model of induced priapism in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups, control, P/R, P/R+DMSO and P/R+D. 3ml blood specimens were collected from vena cava inferior in order to determine serum MDA, IMA, TAS, TOS and OSI values, and penile tissue was taken for histopathological examination in control group. Priapism was induced in P/R group. After 1h, priapism was concluded and 30 min reperfusion was performed. In P/R+DMSO group 1ml/kg DMSO was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before reperfusion, while in P/R+D group 10mg/kg dipyridamole was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before reperfusion. Blood and penis specimens were collected after the end of 30 min reperfusion period. Sinusoidal area (µm2), tears in tunica albuginea and injury parameters in sinusoidal endothelium of penis were investigated. RESULTS: Histopathological examination revealed no significant changes in term of sinusoidal area. A decrease in tears was observed in P/R+D group compared to P/R group (p<0.05). Endothelial injury decreased in P/R+D group compared to P/R group (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in MDA and IMA values between groups. A significant increase in TOS and OSI values was observed in P/R+D group compared to P/R group. A significant decrease in TAS levels was observed in P/R+D group compared to the P/R group. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of dipyridamole before reperfusion in ischemic priapism model has a potential protective effect against histopathological injury of the penis.
Assuntos
Dipiridamol/farmacologia , Isquemia/prevenção & controle , Pênis/irrigação sanguínea , Priapismo/prevenção & controle , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Vasodilatadores/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/análise , Biomarcadores/sangue , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Precondicionamento Isquêmico/métodos , Masculino , Malondialdeído/sangue , Oxidantes/sangue , Estresse Oxidativo , Ereção Peniana/efeitos dos fármacos , Pênis/patologia , Priapismo/patologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Albumina Sérica , Albumina Sérica Humana , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate the protective effects against ischemia reperfusion injury of dipyridamole in a model of induced priapism in rats. Materials and Methods Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups, control, P/R, P/R+DMSO and P/R+D. 3ml blood specimens were collected from vena cava inferior in order to determine serum MDA, IMA, TAS, TOS and OSI values, and penile tissue was taken for histopathological examination in control group. Priapism was induced in P/R group. After 1h, priapism was concluded and 30 min reperfusion was performed. In P/R+DMSO group 1ml/kg DMSO was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before reperfusion, while in P/R+D group 10mg/kg dipyridamole was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before reperfusion. Blood and penis specimens were collected after the end of 30 min reperfusion period. Sinusoidal area (µm2), tears in tunica albuginea and injury parameters in sinusoidal endothelium of penis were investigated. Results Histopathological examination revealed no significant changes in term of sinusoidal area. A decrease in tears was observed in P/R+D group compared to P/R group (p<0.05). Endothelial injury decreased in P/R+D group compared to P/R group (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in MDA and IMA values between groups. A significant increase in TOS and OSI values was observed in P/R+D group compared to P/R group. A significant decrease in TAS levels was observed in P/R+D group compared to the P/R group. Conclusions The administration of dipyridamole before reperfusion in ischemic priapism model has a potential protective effect against histopathological injury of the penis.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Pênis/irrigação sanguínea , Priapismo/prevenção & controle , Vasodilatadores/farmacologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Dipiridamol/farmacologia , Isquemia/prevenção & controle , Pênis/patologia , Priapismo/patologia , Fatores de Tempo , Ereção Peniana/efeitos dos fármacos , Albumina Sérica , Biomarcadores/sangue , Distribuição Aleatória , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Resultado do Tratamento , Oxidantes/sangue , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Estresse Oxidativo , Precondicionamento Isquêmico/métodos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Albumina Sérica Humana , Malondialdeído/sangue , Antioxidantes/análiseRESUMO
Ischemia of the glans penis is a rare postcircumcision complication. We describe a four-year-old boy developing ischemia of the glans penis 48 h after circumcision. The ischemia completely resolved following treatment with iv pentoxifylline (PTX) for six days, and the patient was discharged without any problems. PTX treatment should be kept in mind as an alternative treatment modality in ischemia of the glans penis which is a serious potential post-circumcision complication.