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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated universities' adaptation process toward online education, and it is necessary to know the students' attitudes toward this online education. Objective: To describe the evolution of the attitude toward online education among social science students at a public university in Peru in the academic year 2020, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study uses a quantitative approach, a descriptive level, a non-experimental design, and a longitudinal trend. The sample consisted of 1063 students at the beginning of the class period, 908 during the classes, and 1026 at the end of the class period. The questionnaire for data collection was the Attitude scale toward online education for university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data was collected using Google Forms. Results: As a result, the attitude towards online education was predominantly weak negative at the beginning (51.1 %) and during the classes (49.1 %), and weak positive (48.1 %) at the end of the class period. The changes were not significant when comparing the three moments, the levels of attitude toward, intention to adopt, ease of use, technical and pedagogical support, stressors, and need for online education (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: The evolution of the attitude towards online education in the sample had a non-significant positive trend. In the initial and process stages, a weak negative attitude prevailed due to the institution's inexperience and poor digital infrastructure; in the end, the attitude became weak and positive due to the adaptation and need for online education.
RESUMO
Objetivo: identificar los usos de plantas medicinales en el contexto de la COVID-19 de acuerdo a creencias y prácticas culturales de pobladores de la Sierra y Selva Central del Perú. Métodos: investigación observacional, transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo. Se consideró el muestreo no probabilístico de 595 sujetos voluntarios (pobladores), quienes respondieron un cuestionario debidamente validado y con fiabilidad. Las hipótesis fueron contrastadas con probabilidad de éxito = 1/10, al 95 % de confianza estadística. Resultados: los resultados indican que en los momentos más críticos de la pandemia COVID-19, los pobladores de la Sierra y Selva Central del Perú usaron plantas medicinales (eucalipto, jengibre, ajo, matico, limón, cebolla, manzanilla y borrajas) para prevenir y tratar los síntomas ocasionados por el SARS-CoV-2, a consecuencia de las creencias y las prácticas culturales que tienen sobre los efectos deseados de sus propiedades antiinflamatorias y descongestionantes, expectorantes, antitusígenas y antivirales. Conclusiones: las plantas medicinales, como el eucalipto, jengibre, ajo, mático, limón, la cebolla, manzanilla y borrajas, fueron las más utilizadas como alternativa en la prevención y tratamiento de síntomas de la COVID-19.
Objective: identify the uses of medicinal plants in the context of COVID-19 according to beliefs and cultural knowledge of inhabitants of the Sierra and Central Jungle of Peru. Methods: observational, cross-sectional research, with a quantitative approach. The nonprobabilistic sampling of 595 voluntary subjects (residents), who answered a duly validated and reliable questionnaire, was considered. The hypotheses were contrasted with probability of success = 1/10, at 95% statistical confidence. Results: the results indicate that in the most critical moments of the COVID-19 pandemic, the inhabitants of the Sierra and Central Selva of Peru used medicinal plants (eucalyptus, ginger, garlic, matico, lemon, onion, chamomile and borage) to prevent and treat the symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-2, as a result of cultural beliefs and knowledge about the desired effects of its anti-inflammatory and decongestant, expectorant, antitussive, and antiviral properties. Conclusions: medicinal plants, such as eucalyptus, ginger, garlic, matico, lemon, onion, chamomile and borage, were the most used as an alternative in the prevention and treatment of symptoms of COVID-19.
