Metastatic solid tumors to the testis: a clinicopathologic evaluation of 157 cases from an international collaboration.

To elucidate the spectrum of metastatic solid tumors to the testis and their clinicopathologic features. The databases and files of 26 pathology departments from 9 countries on 3 continents were surveyed to identify metastatic solid tumors to the testis and to characterize their clinicopathologic features in detail. We compiled a series of 157 cases of metastatic solid tumors that secondarily involved the testis. The mean patient age at diagnosis was 64 years (range, 12-93 years). Most patients (127/144; 88%) had clinical manifestation of the disease, with testicular mass/nodule (89/127; 70%) being the most common finding. The main mechanism of testicular involvement was metastasis in 154/157 (98%) cases. Bilateral testicular involvement was present in 12/157 (8%) patients. Concurrent or prior extratesticular metastases were present in 78/101 (77%) patients. The diagnosis was made mainly in orchiectomy specimens (150/157; 95%). Different types of carcinomas (138/157; 87%), most commonly adenocarcinoma (72/157; 46%), were the most common malignancies. The most common primary carcinomas included prostatic (51/149; 34%), renal (29/149; 20%), and colorectal (13/149; 9%). Intratubular growth was identified in 13/124 (11%) cases and paratesticular involvement was found in 73/152 (48%) cases. In patients with available follow-up (110/157; 70%), more than half (58/110; 53%) died of disease. In this largest series compiled to date, we found that most secondary tumors of the testis represent metastases from the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract carcinomas and typically occur in the setting of disseminated disease.

Metastatic solid tumours to the penis: a clinicopathologic evaluation of 109 cases from an international collaboration.

AIMS: To elucidate the spectrum of metastatic tumours to the penis and their clinicopathologic features. METHODS: The databases and files of 22 pathology departments from eight countries on three continents were queried to identify metastatic solid tumours of the penis and to characterize their clinical and pathologic features. RESULTS: We compiled a series of 109 cases of metastatic solid tumours that secondarily involved the penis. The mean patient age at diagnosis was 71 years (range, 7-94 years). Clinical presentation commonly included a penile nodule/mass (48/95; 51%) and localised pain (14/95; 15%). A prior history of malignancy was known in 92/104 (89%) patients. Diagnosis was made mainly on biopsy (82/109; 75%), or penectomy (21/109; 19%) specimens. The most common penile locations were the glans (45/98; 46%) and corpus cavernosum (39/98; 39%). The most frequent histologic type was adenocarcinoma (56%). Most primary carcinomas originated in the genitourinary (76/108; 70%) and gastrointestinal (20/108; 18%) tracts, including prostate (38/108; 35%), urinary bladder (27/108; 25%), and colon/rectum (18/108; 17%). Concurrent or prior extrapenile metastases were identified in 50/78 (64%) patients. Clinical follow-up (mean 22 months, range 0-171 months) was available for 87/109 (80%) patients, of whom 46 (53%) died of disease. CONCLUSION: This is the largest study to date of metastatic solid tumours secondarily involving the penis. The most frequent primaries originated from the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts. Metastatic penile tumours usually presented with penile nodules/masses and pain, and they often occurred in the setting of advanced metastatic disease, portending poor clinical outcomes.

Biodiversity of wild Lactococcus lactis and their geo-spatial relationship with the environment.

Lactic acid bacteria are distributed in nature, isolating themselves from diverse ecosystems and presenting a wide metabolic biodiversity. In Corrientes (Argentina), artisanal cheeses and their specific environment are an important source of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria. The objective of this work was to establish associations between the phenotypic characteristics of strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis native from Corrientes with climatological data of the Province and the characteristics of the soil and the landscapes. Physiological and biochemical characterization data of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis isolated from the dairy environment and from different localities of Corrientes will be used. The strains were space-located through Google Earth, flood and drought events were evaluated using Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, and soil composition data (A and Bt horizons) in the study areas were obtained from the experimental station National Institute of Agricultural Technology - Corrientes. A statistical analysis was applied to these results (Infostat Software, Di Rienzo et al. 2008). The resulting consists in three conglomerates, differentiating strains from soils coming from "flooded landscapes" and those from "sandy hills landscape". The analysis by main components highlighted the preference of strains from flooded landscapes by a saline-alkaline environment, affecting during periods of drought, and strains from sandy hills landscape by a low medium in salts and acid soil, directly during period of high humidity resulting from previous floods.

Taxonomic revision of the "mexicanus" group of the genus Vaejovis C. L. Koch, 1836 (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae).

Within the scorpion genus Vaejovis C.L. Koch, the "mexicanus" group is composed of species distributed in the mountains of México. This group presents taxonomic problems, because its characterization and the species included in the group have varied through the years. In the present work, we redefine this group based on several morphological characters, and we differentiate it from the other two species groups within the genus: "vorhiesi" and "nit dulus+nigrescens". Additionally, five new species are described: Vaejovis ceboruco sp. nov., Vaejovis nanchititla sp. nov., Vaejovis santibagnezi sp. nov., Vaejovis talpa sp. nov. and Vaejovis tapalpa sp. nov; the males of three species are described for the first time (V. dugesi, V. nigrofemoratus and V. tesselatus); and the updated diagnosis for all species is included. Keys for the identification of males and females of the 30 species included in this group are given. Lastly, notes on the natural history and distribution of some species are provided, with maps of known distribution for all the species.

A new Sky Island species of Vaejovis C. L. Koch, 1836 from Sonora, Mexico (Scorpiones, Vaejovidae).

Vaejovis islaserranosp. n. is described from the Sierras Elenita and La Mariquita, Municipio de Cananea, Sonora, Mexico. This species belongs to the "vorhiesi" group of the genus Vaejovis and inhabits pine-oak forests in northern Mexico. This species is compared to its most similar species. This new species presents an interesting morphological difference from the rest of the species in the species-group: the absence of a subaculear tubercle or spine.

ResumenSe describe Vaejovis islaserranosp. n. de las Sierras Elenita y La Mariquita, en el Municipio de Cananea, Sonora, México. Esta especie pertenece al grupo "vorhiesi" dentro del género Vaejovis y que habita en los bosques de pino y encino del norte de México. Se le compara con las especies más similares morfológicamente. Esta nueva especie presenta una característica morfológica interesante para las especies del grupo: la ausencia de un tubérculo o espina subaculear.

A new species of the "mexicanus" group of the genus Vaejovis C. L. Koch, 1836 from the Mexican state of Aguascalientes (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae).

A new species of Vaejovis is described from the Mexican state of Aguascalientes. It is assigned to the "mexicanus" group and compared with similar species from Jalisco, Guanajuato, and San Luis Potosí. A map with their known distributions is provided.

Two new species of Centruroides Marx 1890 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Oaxaca, Mexico.

Centruroides franckei, n. sp. and Centruroides rodolfoi, n. sp. are described from Oaxaca, Mexico. These species belong to the "striped" group within the genus. Thirteen species of the genus are reported for the state, six of them belonging to the "striped" group (infamatus-nigrovariatus subgroup). Both new species are compared to their most morphological similar species. A map with the six "striped" (infamatus-nigrovariatus subgroup) species in the state is also provided.

Erythema nodosum leprosum: reactional leprosy.

The different clinical forms of leprosy are mainly related to the variety of immunological responses to the infection. Thus, lepromatous leprosy occurs in patients with a poor cell-mediated immunity to Mycobacterium leprae, whereas tuberculoid leprosy is associated with a high resistance to leprosy bacillus. Intermediate forms, including borderline tuberculoid leprosy, borderline lepromatous leprosy, and borderline leprosy, are a continuous and unstable spectrum of the disease. Leprosy reactions are rare and not well-known states that interrupt the usual chronic course and clinical stability of patients with leprosy. They are expressions of immunological perturbations. Attending to the clinical and histopathological manifestations, leprosy reactions may be separated in 2 or 3 different variants: reverse reaction (type I), erythema nodosum leprosum (type II), erythema polymorphous (type II) and Lucio's phenomenon, mainly considered a type II reaction, but sometimes designated type III. Type I leprosy reaction, also named "upgrading reaction," occurs in borderline leprosy states and is associated with a shift toward the tuberculoid pole. Type II reaction usually occurs in lepromatous leprosy, and there are 3 different clinical variants, including erythema nudosum leprosum, erythema polymorphous-like reaction, and Lucio's phenomenon.

[Multiple basal cell carcinomas on phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica]. / Carcinomas basocelulares múltiples sobre facomatosis pigmentoqueratótica.

We present a patient with phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica (PPK) who developed several basal cell carcinomas on epidermal nevus lesions in adult life. PPK shows an elevated incidence of development of malignant lesions both on the sebaceous or epidermal nevus component as well as on the nevus spilus one.

Solitary fibrous tumor of the skin.

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is an uncommon tumor initially reported in the pleura but recently described in other sites of the body. We report a SFT of the skin that presented as painless nodule located in the right cheek in a 56-year-old woman. Histologically, the tumor was composed of spindle-shaped cells arranged in a patternless pattern of short and narrow fascicles with interspersed bundles of thick collagen, and numerous blood vessels with a focally hemangiopericytoma-like appearance. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells strongly expressed vimentin, CD34 and bcl-2. The lesion was excised and the patient remains well at 16-month follow-up. This case presented some diagnostic difficulty because of its unusual location, and had to be distinguished from other superficial soft tissue tumors. Recognition of SFT in the skin is important to avoid possible confusion with a variety of spindle cell neoplasms with different biologic potential.

La investigación biológico-clínica, educación y práctica médica en los países en desarrollo, caso: República Dominicana. Modelo de investigación para el servicio y la formación médica en el Complejo Pontificia Universidad Católlica Madre y Maestra-Hospital Regional Universitario José María Cabral y Báez: Clínica de Hipertensión Arterial; Observaciones originales y sus evaluaciones: Sub-proyecto 2 / The biological-clinical investigation, education and medical practice in developing countries, case: Dominican Republic. Investigation model for attention and medical formation at the Pontificius Catholic Madre y Maestra University-Regional Jose Maria Cabral y Baez Hospital Complex; Arterial Hypertension Clinic; original observations and their evaluation: Subproject 2

En el presente artículo concluímos nuestras observaciones sobre el valor de la realización y análisis de las necropsias como actividad fundamental para crear y consolidar el haber cognoscitivo del proceso salud/enfermedad en el país. En este sentido, presentamos la continuación de la tabla V que presenta los diagnósticos clínicos y patológicos de las necropsias realizadas en el HRUJMCB, así como también presentamos la enfermedad de base y la posible causa de muerte e hicimos la correlación clínico-patológica de cada caso en particular. Finalmente, motivamos el uso de las necropsias como mejor guía para clínicos y patólogos diseñar las políticas de práctica médica, formación del recurso humano y formulación de proyectos de investigación de real interés para el avance de nuestra práctica médica

Ineficacia terapéutica en un caso de lepra dimorfa

Se presenta el caso de una enferma de lepra dimorfa paucibacilar que depués de 10 años de multiterapia con seis drogas diferentes, no desaparecen las lesiones cutáneas y brotan algunas nuevas. Se sugiere realizar un tratamiento inmunoterápico.

D. D. S. en inyeccíon retardada en el tratamiento de la lepra

De las experiencias realizadas podemos deducir las siguientes coneclusiones: 1) Entre los distintos medicamentos empleados en el tratamiento de la lepra, hasta el momento destaca por su mayor eficacia la DDS. Medicación, poco tóxica, que unicamente a algunos enfermos le produce unas reacciones (leproreaciones) que dificultan la regularidad del tratamiento. 2) Los resultados mejores, entre los enfermos tratados por vía oral se consiguem en aquellos que mantienen el tratamiento varios años con gran regularidad y constancia. 3) En gran número de casos, debidos a distentas circunstâncias en que no se puede conseguir esta regularidad, el tratamiento ideal consiste en el inyecciones de una suspensión de efecto retardado que permita una acción continuada, por la aplicacción del inyectable lo mas distanciado posible...

Ponderacion de una campaña antileprosa a los l5 años de su iniciacion

L`auteur fait un rappel de la situation épidémiologique et un court historique de la lutte antilépreuse en Espagne, notamment depuis la création, en 1948, d`un service central de la lèpre. 93 dispensaires de dermatologie, dans les centres 68 consultations et une vingtaine d`équipes mobiles, dans les zones rurales, assurent, gracê à la collaboration de l40 dermatologues, le contrôle de la maladie de hansen. L`intensification du dépistage des malades et des contacts, ainsi que des examens systématiques de la population ont permis de recenser peu à peu la totalité de lépreux existants et de les traiter méthodiquement. Le nombre des nouveaux cas diminue régulièrement, tandis que celui des guérison acquises augmente de façon réjoissante. Des graphiques et des tableaux illustrent le développement favorable d`une camapgne efficace qui, on peut l`espérer, mettrá fin un jour á l`endémie