A Comparative Analysis for 2D Object Recognition: A Case Study with Tactode Puzzle-Like Tiles.

Object recognition represents the ability of a system to identify objects, humans or animals in images. Within this domain, this work presents a comparative analysis among different classification methods aiming at Tactode tile recognition. The covered methods include: (i) machine learning with HOG and SVM; (ii) deep learning with CNNs such as VGG16, VGG19, ResNet152, MobileNetV2, SSD and YOLOv4; (iii) matching of handcrafted features with SIFT, SURF, BRISK and ORB; and (iv) template matching. A dataset was created to train learning-based methods (i and ii), and with respect to the other methods (iii and iv), a template dataset was used. To evaluate the performance of the recognition methods, two test datasets were built: tactode_small and tactode_big, which consisted of 288 and 12,000 images, holding 2784 and 96,000 regions of interest for classification, respectively. SSD and YOLOv4 were the worst methods for their domain, whereas ResNet152 and MobileNetV2 showed that they were strong recognition methods. SURF, ORB and BRISK demonstrated great recognition performance, while SIFT was the worst of this type of method. The methods based on template matching attained reasonable recognition results, falling behind most other methods. The top three methods of this study were: VGG16 with an accuracy of 99.96% and 99.95% for tactode_small and tactode_big, respectively; VGG19 with an accuracy of 99.96% and 99.68% for the same datasets; and HOG and SVM, which reached an accuracy of 99.93% for tactode_small and 99.86% for tactode_big, while at the same time presenting average execution times of 0.323 s and 0.232 s on the respective datasets, being the fastest method overall. This work demonstrated that VGG16 was the best choice for this case study, since it minimised the misclassifications for both test datasets.

Design and Comparison of Image Hashing Methods: A Case Study on Cork Stopper Unique Identification.

Cork stoppers were shown to have unique characteristics that allow their use for authentication purposes in an anti-counterfeiting effort. This authentication process relies on the comparison between a user's cork image and all registered cork images in the database of genuine items. With the growth of the database, this one-to-many comparison method becomes lengthier and therefore usefulness decreases. To tackle this problem, the present work designs and compares hashing-assisted image matching methods that can be used in cork stopper authentication. The analyzed approaches are the discrete cosine transform, wavelet transform, Radon transform, and other methods such as difference hash and average hash. The most successful approach uses a 1024-bit hash length and difference hash method providing a 98% accuracy rate. By transforming the image matching into a hash matching problem, the approach presented becomes almost 40 times faster when compared to the literature.

COVID-19 and Brazilian handball coaches: impacts on training prescription and professional learning

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to analyze the influences of social isolation on the professional performance of Brazilian handball coaches and their expectations for the return of training sessions. Methods: Fifty-two handball coaches participated in this study (Mage=37.4 years; SDage=8.4), who coach U-8 to adult teams, and answered an online survey divided into two main sections: a) coaches' actions with athletes and/or teams throughout social isolation; b) professional learning during social isolation. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data analysis and Thematic Analysis for qualitative data analysis. Results: The coaches mentioned that the contact with the teams has been made mostly with WhatsApp (94.2%) and Google Meet or Zoom (75.0%), in which coaches mainly emphasize physical fitness (69.2%) and tactical knowledge (67.3%). For professional learning, coaches are participating in online lectures (96.2%), and virtual meetings (92.3%). Coaches also seek content mainly related to teaching approaches (82.7%), and specific handball exercises (75.0%). Regarding expectations after the social isolation, coaches reported concern about uncertainties for sports practice (restriction of physical contact, decreased incentives for teams, and competitions) and possible psychological benefits (motivation to practice, overcoming difficulties, and learning new resources). Conclusion: The coaches revealed the concern about maintaining the athletes' performance during the social isolation, the uncertainties for the future of the teams, and the difficulties to use different resources for training. We suggested that the courses for coaches emphasize aspects that enable the learning of new technologies (e.g. social networks, video edition, and research platforms).

Atendimentos de emergência por acidentes na Rede de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes: Brasil, 2006 / Unintentional injuries at the Emergency Department Injury Surveillance System: Brazil, 2006

Em 2006, o Ministério da Saúde implantou a Rede de Serviços Sentinelas de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes (Rede VIVA) a fim de descrever os atendimentos de emergência por violências e acidentes, principalmente as lesões de menor gravidade que não implicam mortes ou internações. Neste artigo, descrevem-se as características dos atendimentos de emergência por acidentes realizados nesses serviços. Estudo descritivo, de corte transversal, realizado em 35 municípios com os maiores coeficientes de morbimortalidade por causas externas. Os dados foram coletados durante trinta dias consecutivos em plantões alternados de doze horas. Registraram-se 41.677 atendimentos por acidentes, com predomínio de homens (64,8 por cento), pessoas de 20 a 29 anos de idade (22,9 por cento) e com baixa escolaridade (56,8 por cento). As quedas (40,2 por cento) foram a principal causa, seguidas dos acidentes de transporte (26,6 por cento). Os locais de ocorrência mais frequentes foram via pública (36,2 por cento) e residência (33,7 por cento). As partes do corpo mais atingidas foram membros superiores (38,1 por cento), membros inferiores (37,6 por cento) e cabeça/face (25,7 por cento). A vigilância sentinela de violências e acidentes permite coletar dados em tempo hábil sobre eventos menos graves, cujo conhecimento é fundamental para o planejamento de medidas preventivas.

In 2006, the Brazilian Ministry of Health established the Injury Surveillance System Network in Sentinel Services (Rede VIVA) to describe data on injuries victims treated at emergency departments (ED), especially minor injuries which do not cause deaths and hospitalization. This study describes the characteristics of unintentional injuries victims treated in these EDs by means of a transversal descriptive study with data coming from EDs located in 35 municipalities with the highest injury rates. The data were collected during 30 consecutive days in an alternated 12-hour shift. There were a total of 41,677 patients with unintentional injuries, mainly among males (64.8 percent), people aged 20 to 29 years (23.0 percent) and low level of education (45.8 percent). Falls were the main cause (40.1 percent overall), followed by transport related injuries (26.6 percent overall). The more frequent place of occurrence were public streets (36.3 percent overall) and residences (33.6 percent overall). The body parts most affected were upper members (42.7 percent), lower members (42.0 percent) and head/face (29.2 percent). The injury surveillance in sentinel services allows collecting timeless data about minor cases which is essential for planning and implementing preventive measures.

[Unintentional injuries at the Emergency Department Injury Surveillance System--Brazil, 2006]. / Atendimentos de emergência por acidentes na Rede de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes--Brasil, 2006.

In 2006, the Brazilian Ministry of Health established the Injury Surveillance System Network in Sentinel Services (Rede VIVA) to describe data on injuries victims treated at emergency departments (ED), especially minor injuries which do not cause deaths and hospitalization. This study describes the characteristics of unintentional injuries victims treated in these EDs by means of a transversal descriptive study with data coming from EDs located in 35 municipalities with the highest injury rates. The data were collected during 30 consecutive days in an alternated 12-hour shift. There were a total of 41,677 patients with unintentional injuries, mainly among males (64.8%), people aged 20 to 29 years (23.0%) and low level of education (45.8%). Falls were the main cause (40.1% overall), followed by transport related injuries (26.6% overall). The more frequent place of occurrence were public streets (36.3% overall) and residences (33.6% overall). The body parts most affected were upper members (42.7%), lower members (42.0%) and head/face (29.2%). The injury surveillance in sentinel services allows collecting timeless data about minor cases which is essential for planning and implementing preventive measures.

A vigilância e prevenção de violências e acidentes no Sistema Único de Saúde: Uma política em construção / Accident and violence surveillance and prevention in the Brazilian Health System; a policy under construction

Os fatores externos violências e acidentes correspondem à terceira causa de óbito na população brasileira, sendo preponderantes entre homens jovens e negros. As taxas de mortalidade por esses eventos apresentam-se altas e crescentes desde a década de 1980. O artigo apresenta as ações que têm sido desenvolvidas pelo Ministério da Saúde, responsável pela assistência e reabilitação das vítimas de violências e acidentes, bem como pela vigilância e prevenção destes eventos, numa perspectiva de promoção á saúde da população.

Agenda de prioridades da vigilância e prevenção de acidentes e violências aprovada no I Seminário Nacional de Doenças e Agravos não Transmissíveis e Promoção da Saúde / Agenda of priorities for the surveillance and prevention of accidents and violence approved by the I National Seminar on Noncommunicable Diseases and Conditions and Health Promotion

As taxas de mortalidade por causas externas – acidentes e violências – apresentam-se altas e crescentes desde a década de 80, disseminando-se, em algumas regiões do Brasil, à semelhança de doenças transmissíveis. O Ministério da Saúde tem se mobilizado para o enfrentamento do problema e, por intermédio da Coordenação-Geral de Doenças e Agravos Não Transmissíveis da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, promoveu, em setembro de 2005, o I Seminário Nacional de Doenças e Agravos Não Transmissíveis e Promoção da Saúde. No evento, aprovou-se a Agenda de Vigilância, Prevenção e Controle dos Acidentes e Violências. O documento define quatro eixos principais de atuação, cujos elementos são detalhados no presente artigo: I – Implantação da Vigilância e do Sistema de Informação de Acidentes e Violências; II – Gestão; III – Intervenção; e IV – Avaliação e apoio à pesquisa...

A proposta da rede de serviços sentinela como estratégia da vigilância de violências e acidentes / The injury surveillance system based on sentinel health services

No Brasil, as bases de dados oficiais permitem o monitoramento da mortalidade e internações no SUS, decorrentes dos acidentes e violências. É preciso conhecer a magnitude e o perfil dessas causas que demandam os serviços de emergência, bem como identificar alguns problemas ocultos tais como as violências doméstica e sexual. O propósito deste artigo é apresentar a proposta do Ministério da Saúde de implantação da Rede de Serviços Sentinela de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes - Rede VIVA, iniciada em 2006, que visa complementar o sistema de informações existente para a vigilância dessas causas. Para obter um quadro mais completo do problema e atender à legislação vigente no País, foram estabelecidos dois componentes: 1) Vigilância de acidentes e violências em emergências hospitalares selecionadas: coleta em um mês a cada ano, através de uma amostra; 2) Vigilância das violências sexual, doméstica e/ou outras violências interpessoais em serviços de referência: coleta universal e contínua. O estabelecimento da Rede VIVA foi realizado pelo Ministério da Saúde em parceria com as Secretarias Estaduais e Municipais de Saúde a partir de critérios previamente estabelecidos. A adesão ao projeto foi acima das expectativas, todas as regiões do Brasil foram representadas.

In Brazil, the official data sets allow monitoring the impact of injury deaths and injury hospitalization in the public health system. But it is necessary to gather more information about the magnitude and the characteristics of injuries at Emergency Departments (ED), as well as to identify some hidden problems, such as domestic and sexual violence. The purpose of this article is to present the new Injury Surveillance System based on Sentinel Health Services, carried out by the Ministry of Health in order to broaden the knowledge of these causes.To have a more accurate picture of injuries and to enforce the law which made mandatory the information about violence against women in the country, the measures to be taken were twofold: 1) injury surveillance in ED, carried out in chosen services, collecting one-month data yearly, through a sample; 2) domestic, sexual and interpersonal violence surveillance carried out in violence reference services, through universal and continuous data collection, involving a larger number of services. The implementation of that Health Sentinel Services Network has been conducted by the Ministry of Health in partnership with the State and Municipal Health Departments based on pre-established criteria. The adherence to the project has been taken place all over Brazil.

Regulation of intracellular cyclic AMP in skeletal muscle cells involves the efflux of cyclic nucleotide to the extracellular compartment.

(1) This report analyses the intracellular and extracellular accumulation of cyclic AMP in primary rat skeletal muscle cultures, after direct and receptor-dependent stimulation of adenylyl cyclase (AC). (2) Isoprenaline, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and forskolin induced a transient increase in the intracellular cyclic AMP that peaked 5 min after onset stimulation. (3) Under stimulation with isoprenaline or CGRP, the intracellular cyclic AMP initial rise was followed by an exponential decline, reaching 46 and 52% of peak levels in 10 min, respectively. (4) Conversely, the forskolin-dependent accumulation of intracellular cyclic AMP decreased slowly and linearly, reaching 49% of the peak level in 30 min. (5) The loss of intracellular cyclic AMP from peak levels, induced by direct or receptor-induced activation of AC, was followed by an increase in the extracellular cyclic AMP. (6) This effect was independent on PDEs, since it was obtained in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). (7) Besides, in isoprenaline treated cells, the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol reduced both intra- and extracellular accumulation of cyclic AMP, whereas the organic anion transporter inhibitor probenecid reduced exclusively the extracellular accumulation. (8) Together our data show that direct or receptor-dependent activation of skeletal muscle AC results in a transient increase in the intracellular cyclic AMP, despite the continuous presence of the stimulus. The temporal declining of intracellular cyclic AMP was not dependent on the cyclic AMP breakdown but associated to the efflux of cyclic nucleotide to the extracellular compartment, by an active transport since it was prevented by probenecid.

Malformação arteriovenosa dural do seio transverso-sigmóide causando neuralgia trigeminal / Transverse-sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous malformation presenting as trigeminal neuralgia

Os autores relatam um caso raro de malformação arteriovenosa dural (MAVD) do seio transverso-sigmóide esquerdo, causando neuralgia do trigêmeo. O paciente foi submetido a cirurgia para esqueletização do seio transversosigmóide com ressecção dos dois terços distais do seio transverso e dos dois terços proximais do seio sigmóide. O procedimento cirúrgico foi suficiente para proporcionar a cura angiográfica e clínica, com um seguimento de oito meses. Foi realizada uma completa revisão bibliográfica encontrando-se apenas cinco casos descritos de pacientes com MAVD e neuralgia trigeminal.

The authors report a rare case of transverse-sigmoid dural arteriovenousmalformation (DAVM) presenting as trigeminal neuralgia in the distribution of left V3. The patient was treated surgically by the sinus skeletonization technique with the resection of the distal 2/3 of the transverse sinus and the proximal 2/3 of the sigmoid sinus. Clinical and angiographic cure was achieved in our patient with a folow-up of 8 months. Furthermore, a thorough review of the English language literature was carried out, compiling only five cases of trigeminal neuralgia due to DAVM.

Síndrome de Sneddon: relato de três casos / Sneddon's syndrome: report of 3 cases

Descrita por Sneddon (1965) a síndrome consiste na ocorrência de acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) isquêmico em pacientes com livedo reticular. Trata-se de doença vascular sistêmica de causa desconhecida, em que há comprometimento de artérias de médio e pequeno calibres. Pode haver positividade dos anticorpos antifosfolípides. Säo apresentados três casos desta entidade, todos do sexo masculino com 7, 16 e 54 anos de idade. Em todos a instalaçäo do quadro deu-se por convulsöes focais seguidas de hemiparesia ou paralisia labio-glossofaríngea. Os pacientes näo tiveram outras manifestaçöes neurológicas em 2 anos de acompanhamento. A investigaçäo laboratorial demonstrou presença de anticorpos antifosfolípides e anticardiolipina em 1 caso. A investigaçäo neuro-radiológica forneceu os seguintes resultados: TCC e RM com infarto nos 3 casos, e angiografia com obstruçäo de vasos de médio e pequeno calibre. A síndrome de Sneddon näo parece ser täo rara e deve fazer parte de protocolos de investigaçäo de AVE, especialmente em grupos mais jovens

Enxaqueca / Migraine

A enxaqueca é uma das entidades na qual os fatores familiares e adquiridos predispöem os pacientes às crises, havendo uma grande variedade de eventos internos e externos que parecem provocar as crises. Parece que ritmos cíclicos determinados pelos mecanismos cronobiológicos do hipotálamo pofrm drt um fator-chave específico que determina a vulnerabilidade das crises de enxaqueca. Os fatores que provavelmente induzem ou provocam a enxaqueca säo os seguintes: alimentos, fatores emocionais, fatores climáticos e alteraçöes harmonais

Lobectomia temporal no infarto cerebral com efeito de massa / Temporal lobectomy in cerebral infarction with mass effect

Uma complicaçäo frequentemente fatal do infarto isquêmico extenso é o desenvolvimento de efeito de massa por edema. O componente de "welling" pode ser combatido, mas o edema isquêmico citotóxico dos primeiros dias näo responde ao tratamento clínico. Este estudo mostra o resultado da abordagem cirúrgica em casos com deterioraçäo clínica e grande efeito de massa à tomografia computadorizada, nos quais se procedeu a lobectomia temporal do lado do infarto, com finalidade descompressiva. Dos 8 casos, 6 sobreviveram com efeito benáfico quase imediato à cirurgia. Apesar da pequena amostra e de näo haver um controle rigoroso de amostragem, os autores sugerem que a técnica é de valor na conduta de tais casos e recomendam estudos posteriores melhor controlados

Síndrome de desconexäo inter-hemisférica após calosotomia total associada a comissurotomia anterior para tratamento de epilepsia resistente: relato de um caso / Interhemispheric disconnection syndrome following total callosotomy associated with anterior commissurotomy for the treatment of intractable epilepsy: report of a case

Os autores fazem breve abordagem das indicaçöes da calosotomia para tratamento de crises resitentes e relatam um caso em que ocorreu síndrome de desconexäo inter-hemisférica clássica, após calosotomia total associada a comissurotomia anterior. A síndrome de desconexäo foi mais severa nos primeiros 5 dias de pós-operatório, com boa melhroa após o 11§ dia, ocorrendo recuperaçäo funcional quase completa e, também, reduçäo significativa da freqüência das crises

IV Ventrículo isolado: consideraçöes e relato de 3 casos / Isolated IV ventricle: considerations and report of 3 cases

Inúmeras säo as complicaçöes das derivaçöes usadas no tratamento da hidrocefalia. O isolamento do IV ventrículo das demais cavidades e espaços liquóricos, sua dilataçäo conseqüente e a sintomatología associada constituem a chamada síndrome do IV ventrículo isolado. A literatura recente é revisada e 3 novos casos säo descritos, chamando-se a atençäo para a importância que tem a causa inicial da hidrocefalia na etiologia do isolamento do IV ventrículo. O diagnóstico atualmente é feito pela demonstraçäo, por tomografia computadorizada, da dilataçäo persistente ou tardia do IV ventrículo, com dimensöes normais ou reduzidas do restante do sistema ventricular. A drenagem adicional deste ventrículo por derivaçäo é o tratamento de escolha