Latest Insights into the In Vivo Studies in Murine Regarding the Role of TRP Channels in Wound Healing-A Review.

Wound healing involves physical, chemical and immunological processes. Transient receptor potential (TRP) and other ion channels are implicated in epidermal re-epithelization. Ion movement across ion channels can induce transmembrane potential that leads to transepithelial potential (TEP) changes. TEP is present in epidermis surrounding the lesion decreases and induces an endogenous direct current generating an epithelial electric field (EF) that could be implicated in wound re-epithelialization. TRP channels are involved in the activation of immune cells during mainly the inflammatory phase of wound healing. The aim of the study was to review the mechanisms of ion channel involvement in wound healing in in vivo experiments in murine (mice, rats) and how can this process be influenced. This review used the latest results published in scientific journals over the last year and this year to date (1 January 2023-31 December 3000) in order to include the in-press articles. Some types of TRP channels, such as TRPV1, TRPV3 and TRPA1, are expressed in immune cells and can be activated by inflammatory mediators. The most beneficial effects in wound healing are produced using agonists of TRPV1, TRPV4 and TRPA1 channels or by inhibiting with antagonists, antisense oligonucleotides or knocking down TRPV3 and TRPM8 channels.

Assessing O.K.N.V.I. RESIST­5 performance for post­mortem biological samples: A prospective pilot study.

In recent years, the emergence of carbapenem-resistant strains has been increasing worldwide, including in Romania. Rapid tests for post-mortem examinations have been researched and currently have several applications. In the present study, we aimed to test the performance of O.K.N.V.I. RESIST-5 tests on impure post-mortem biological samples compared with a standard of pure cultures. When a death occurs during hospitalization and the issue of malpractice arises, the medico-legal practice would benefit from rapid tests applicable to post-mortem samples. Thus, detection and differentiation of the five targeted carbapenemases, namely oxacilinase-48, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase, New Delhi metallo-ß-lactamase, Verona integron-encoded metallo-ß-lactamase and imipenemase, could be useful in guiding sampling for third-party microbiological assessment and could also be an asset from an epidemiological standpoint. The present prospective and observational pilot study included medico-legal autopsy cases performed at Mina Minovici National Institute of Legal Medicine (Romania) between June and July 2022. A total of two sets of O.K.N.V.I. RESIST-5 tests were performed: Test I, which was performed on-site from biological samples obtained during autopsy; and Test II, which was performed on pure cultures after sample inoculation and incubation. Total of 39 O.K.N.V.I. RESIST-5 rapid tests were performed on 19 biological samples, at least one sample per case. The O.K.N.V.I. RESIST-5 tests performed on-site showed an overall sensitivity of 92.3% with a 100% specificity. The results obtained through rapid tests using post-mortem impure samples were comparable to the results obtained from sample cultures with good sensitivity and specificity. Through post-mortem screening for carbapenem resistance, it would be possible to narrow down the number of cases that require further bacteriological assessment.

Antidepressant effect of the interaction of fluoxetine with granisetron.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may produce digestive side effects such as nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea and decreased appetite. These side effects are determined by the increase in serotonin availability at 5-HT3 receptors. Granisetron, a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, is expected to antagonize the digestive adverse effects of serotonin reuptake inhibitors, but the question is to what extent granisetron influences the antidepressant effect of these substances. The aim of this study was to determine the dose of fluoxetine that has an antidepressant effect in the Porsolt test, and the interaction between fluoxetine and granisetron with respect to the antidepressant effect in this test. In experiment 1, fluoxetine was antidepressant only at 20 mg/kg body weight (bw). In experiment 2, granisetron 1 mg/kg bw had a statistically significant antidepressant effect vs. control. Fluoxetine 20 mg/kg bw associated with a small dose of granisetron (0.1 mg/kg bw) produced a significant antidepressant effect vs. control. This shows that low doses of granisetron associated to fluoxetine might produce a significant antidepressant effect, suggesting a potentiation between these two drugs used in sub-effective antidepressant doses. In conclusion, in our experimental conditions, we can assume that granisetron in low doses could be used to combat intestinal transit disorders produced by SSRI antidepressants. These low doses are preferred, because they increase the antidepressant effect of these SSRIs.

Cardiac telocytes. From basic science to cardiac diseases. II. Acute myocardial infarction.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the scientific evidence regarding a potential role of telocytes in myocardial infarction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To this purpose, we performed a systematic review of relevant scientific literature, indexed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: We found six articles containing relevant studies aimed at liking myocardial infarction and telocytes. The studies that were analysed in this review failed to show, beyond a reasonable doubt, that telocytes do actually have significant roles in myocardial regeneration after myocardial infarction. The main issues to be addressed in future studies are a correct characterization of telocytes, and a differentiation from other cell types that either have similar morphologies (using electron microscopy) or similar immunophenotypes, with emphasis on endothelial progenitors, which were previously shown to have similar morphology, and functions in cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction.