Content Validation of the Self-Medication Scale and Trust in Online Resources: Deepening Digital Access to Health.

(1) Background: The rise of online health resources and AI has reshaped the diagnosis and treatment of disease, altering the relationship between patients and healthcare professionals and encouraging self-medication. However, questionnaires validated in the literature on self-medication seem to lack questions on the possible causes that induce such behaviors, including items that explore trust toward websites and artificial intelligence. The aim of this study is to design and validate the content of a questionnaire designed to assess self-medication in health professionals, delving into the underlying etiologies, the pharmacological categories involved and the degree of confidence placed in clinical assessments derived from AI tools. (2) Methods: Validation study of the content of an instrument consisting of two phases: 1. The content validation phase involved evaluation by a selected group of health experts, who, using a Likert-type scale, analyzed the clarity, coherence and relevance of the items. 2. Pilot study of health professionals who have indicated the practice of self-administration of medications. (3) Results: In the first phase of the study, the experts considered most of the questionnaire items to be clear, representative and consistent with the construct to be measured. In its second phase, the preliminary results of our pilot study suggest a significant trend toward self-medication among healthcare workers, along with a strong inclination to use online resources to search for health-related information. (4) Conclusions: The development of a validated instrument to measure the influence of the different causes that lead healthcare personnel to practice self-medication, guaranteeing validity and efficacy, allows us to establish strategies to reduce this growing problem.

Satisfaction and use of the didactic simulator for learning the nursing process: an observational study.

INTRODUCTION: The implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in daily healthcare practice has become standardized. In relation to education within the nursing degree, ICTs make it possible to carry out practical immersion training from the" classroom or from any other place with an Internet connection, as evidenced by circumstances that have occurred in recent years, such as the pandemic caused by COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: Design and assess a didactic simulation program for the training of the nursing process that promotes learning in the nursing care METHODOLOGY: The methodological approach is quantitative and it is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sampling method used was non-probabilistic by convenience. RESULTS: When observing the comparison of the averages of student satisfaction with respect to the didactic simulator, it is worth mentioning that all the items are above 2.80 on a score in which "0" is the minimum value and "5" the maximum value. The results of the use of the computer tool by the students, we highlight as significant data that all the items present an average equal to or lower than 3.04 out of 7, where "1" corresponds to a lot of use and "7" to little use. CONCLUSION: The implication of ICT in the teaching-learning process among Nursing Degree students, it is considered optimal. when analyzing the answers obtained in the items that refer to a higher ease in the execution of development of Care plans, a fundamental work in Nursing performance.

Identifying Hate Speech and Attribution of Responsibility: An Analysis of Simulated WhatsApp Conversations during the Pandemic.

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, public confrontations between people who had agreed to be vaccinated and those who had not, highlighted the relevance of the deepening dissemination of violent and discriminatory expressions and determined a level of perception of hate discourses. METHOD: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out, based on an innovative methodology: simulations of WhatsApp conversations. In addition, the following variables were considered among others: level of empathy, personality traits and conflict resolution. RESULTS: The participants were 567 nursing students (413 females, 153 males and 1 person who did not identify with any gender). The results showed that, for the most part, the participants correctly identified hate speech, but were unable to discern the frame of reference. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to implement intervention strategies to minimize the impact of hate speech, which continues to be used on many levels to harass others, justify violence or undermine rights, generating an environment of prejudice and intolerance that encourages discrimination and violent attacks against certain individuals or collectives.