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2.
Am J Transplant ; 16(10): 3007-3015, 2016 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27140676

RESUMO

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a leading cause of mortality after heart transplantation. Noninvasive imaging techniques used in CAV evaluation have important limitations. In a cross-sectional study, we investigated perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to determine an optimal myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPR) cutoff for detecting CAV using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. We evaluated CMR performance using sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratio analysis. We included 29 patients (mean 5 ± 4 years after transplant) scheduled for coronary angiography with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) who completed CMR. CAV was defined as maximal intimal thickness (MIT) >0.5 mm by IVUS of the left anterior descending artery. CAV was evident in 19 patients (70%) on IVUS (mean MIT 0.82 ± 0.42 mm). MPR was significantly lower in patients with MIT ≥0.50 mm (1.35 ± 0.23 vs. 1.71 ± 0.45, p = 0.013). There was moderate inverse correlation between MPR and MIT (r = -0.36, p = 0.075). The optimal MPR cutoff ≤1.68 for predicting CAV showed sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 63%, a negative predictive value of 100%, a positive predictive value of 86% and a positive likelihood ratio of 2.7. An MPR ≤1.68 has high negative predictive value, suggesting its potential as a test to rule out CAV.


Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Transplante de Coração/efeitos adversos , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Doenças Vasculares/diagnóstico , Adulto , Aloenxertos , Angiografia Coronária , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Doenças Vasculares/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Vasculares/etiologia
3.
Cardiovasc J Afr ; 23(8): e9-e10, 2012 Sep 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23044529

RESUMO

A 24-year-old female presented to her general practitioner with shortness of breath. She was referred for an echocardiogram, which demonstrated features suggestive of a right coronary artery fistula, and referred to our institute. We performed a contrast-enhanced, prospectively triggered cardiac CT angiogram, which demonstrated the primary and secondary features of anomalous left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA), also known as the Bland-White-Garland syndrome, a rare congenital abnormality of the origin of the left main coronary artery.


Assuntos
Anomalias dos Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico , Dispneia/diagnóstico , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico , Artéria Pulmonar/anormalidades , Adulto , Anomalias dos Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Dispneia/etiologia , Feminino , Cardiopatias Congênitas/complicações , Humanos , Artéria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia , Síndrome , Adulto Jovem
4.
Radiologia ; 54(1): 85-7, 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21665234

RESUMO

The congenital absence of the left coronary trunk is one of the rarest anomalies of the coronary artery. We present a case in which this anomaly was suspected at cardiac catheterization and confirmed at volumetric cardiac computed tomography (CT) with a single heart beat.


Assuntos
Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Anomalias dos Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico/métodos , Humanos , Masculino
5.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr ; 50(10): 951-68, 2010 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21108075

RESUMO

Microencapsulation has been developed by the pharmaceutical industry as a means to control or modify the release of drug substances from drug delivery systems. In drug delivery systems microencapsulation is used to improve the bioavailability of drugs, control drug release kinetics, minimize drug side effects, and mask the bitter taste of drug substances. The application of microencapsulation has been extended to the food industry, typically for controlling the release of flavorings and the production of foods containing functional ingredients (e.g. probiotics and bioactive ingredients). Compared to the pharmaceutical industry, the food industry has lower profit margins and therefore the criteria in selecting a suitable microencapsulation technology are more stringent. The type of microcapsule (reservoir and matrix systems) produced and its resultant release properties are dependent on the microencapsulation technology, in addition to the physicochemical properties of the core and the shell materials. This review discusses the factors that affect the release of bioactive ingredients from microcapsules produced by different microencapsulation technologies. The key criteria in selecting a suitable microencapsulation technology are also discussed. Two of the most common physical microencapsulation technologies used in pharmaceutical processing, fluidized-bed coating, and extrusion-spheronization are explained to highlight how they might be adapted to the microencapsulation of functional bioactive ingredients in the food industry.


Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos/química , Composição de Medicamentos/métodos , Tecnologia de Alimentos/métodos , Alimentos Fortificados , Cápsulas/química , Alimentos , Preparações Farmacêuticas
6.
J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater ; 95(1): 141-9, 2010 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20737556

RESUMO

A series of doped apatites have been deposited onto titanium (V) substrates using a novel ambient temperature blasting process. The potential of these deposited doped apatites as non-colonizing osteoconductive coatings has been evaluated in vitro. XPS, EDX, and gravimetric analysis demonstrated that a high degree of coating incorporation was observed for each material. The modified surfaces were found to produce osteoblast proliferation comparable to, or better than, a hydroxyapatite finish. Promising levels of initial microbial inhibition were observed from the Sr- and Ag-doped surfaces, with the strontium showing prolonged ability to reduce bacteria numbers over a 30-day period. Ion elution profiles have been characterized and linked to the microbial response and based on the results obtained, mechanisms of kill have been suggested. In this study, the direct contact of coated substrate surfaces with microbes was observed to be a significant contributing factor to the antimicrobial performance and the anticolonizing activity. The silver substituted apatite was observed to out-perform both the SrA and ZnA in terms of biofilm inhibition.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/química , Apatitas/química , Apatitas/farmacologia , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis/química , Osteoblastos/citologia , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Titânio/química , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Humanos , Prata/farmacologia , Estrôncio/farmacologia , Propriedades de Superfície , Zinco/farmacologia
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