Polyketide- and Terpenoid-Derived Metabolites Produced by a Marine-Derived Fungus, Peroneutypa sp.

Bioassay-guided investigation of the EtOAc-soluble extract of a culture of the marine-derived fungus Peroneutypa sp. M16 led to the isolation of seven new polyketide- and terpenoid-derived metabolites (1, 2, 4-8), along with known polyketides (3, 9-13). Structures of compounds 1, 2, and 4-8 were established by analysis of spectroscopic data. Absolute configurations of compounds 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8 were determined by the comparison of experimental ECD spectra with calculated CD data. Compound 5 exhibited moderate antiplasmodial activity against both chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum.

Temporomandibular Disorders Treatments and Its Effects on Headaches: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials / Tratamentos das Disfunções Temporomandibulares e seus Efeitos nas Cefaleias: Revisão Sistemática e Metanálise de Ensaios Controlados Randomizados

Objective: temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) are the most common causes of chronic orofacial pain and, along with primary headaches, are considered Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions (COPCs). The aim of this study is to evaluate TMD treatment effects in individuals with comorbid headaches. Methods: a systematic review was conducted over a search in the database up to October 2020. Selected studies were randomized clinical trials with individuals diagnosed with TMD and comorbid headaches compared to a control group after treatments for TMD. All included studies were evaluated for their methodological quality through the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias. Results: seven studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were applied in the review, with a total of 432 participants. Four studies were included in a meta-analysis. There was no significative mean difference in the frequency of headache after TMD treatment, nor for a reduction in pain, after TMD intervention for less than 12 weeks. Although for an individual with a TMD intervention period higher than 12 weeks, there was a significant reduction in pain. Conclusion: there is moderate evidence that painful TMD therapies for 12 weeks or higher reduce headache intensity in individuals with painful TMD and headaches. Simultaneous management of TMD and headache must be prioritized for more effective results on both conditions.

Objetivo: as Disfunções Temporomandibulares (DTM) são as causas mais comuns de dor orofacial crônica e, junto com as cefaleias primárias, são consideradas Condições de Dor Sobrepostas Crônicas (CPOCs). O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os efeitos do tratamento das DTMs em indivíduos com cefaleia comórbida. Métodos: foi realizada uma revisão sistemática por meio de uma busca em banco de dados até outubro de 2020. Os estudos selecionados foram ensaios clínicos randomizados com indivíduos diagnosticados com DTM e cefaleia comórbida em comparação com um grupo controle após tratamentos para DTM. Todos os estudos incluídos foram avaliados quanto à sua qualidade metodológica por meio da ferramenta Cochrane Collaboration para avaliar o risco de viés. Resultados: sete estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão e foram incluídos na revisão, totalizando 432 participantes. Quatro estudos foram incluídos em uma meta-análise. Não houve diferença média significativa na frequência de cefaleia após tratamento para DTM, nem para redução da dor, após intervenção para DTM por menos de 12 semanas. Para indivíduos com DTM, o tempo de intervenção maior que 12 semanas resultou em uma redução significativa da dor. Conclusão: há evidências moderadas de que terapias para DTM dolorosa por períodos de 12 semanas ou mais reduzem a intensidade da cefaleia em indivíduos com DTM dolorosa e cefaleia. O manejo simultâneo de DTM e cefaleia deve ser priorizado para resultados mais efetivos em ambas as condições.

Smart Strawberry Farming Using Edge Computing and IoT.

Strawberries are sensitive fruits that are afflicted by various pests and diseases. Therefore, there is an intense use of agrochemicals and pesticides during production. Due to their sensitivity, temperatures or humidity at extreme levels can cause various damages to the plantation and to the quality of the fruit. To mitigate the problem, this study developed an edge technology capable of handling the collection, analysis, prediction, and detection of heterogeneous data in strawberry farming. The proposed IoT platform integrates various monitoring services into one common platform for digital farming. The system connects and manages Internet of Things (IoT) devices to analyze environmental and crop information. In addition, a computer vision model using Yolo v5 architecture searches for seven of the most common strawberry diseases in real time. This model supports efficient disease detection with 92% accuracy. Moreover, the system supports LoRa communication for transmitting data between the nodes at long distances. In addition, the IoT platform integrates machine learning capabilities for capturing outliers in collected data, ensuring reliable information for the user. All these technologies are unified to mitigate the disease problem and the environmental damage on the plantation. The proposed system is verified through implementation and tested on a strawberry farm, where the capabilities were analyzed and assessed.

LEVELS OF SALIVARY CORTISOL IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN WITH BRUXISM DIAGNOSIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the levels of salivary cortisol in adults and children diagnosed with bruxism. METHODS: A search strategy was developed using the following terms: "cortisol", "bruxism" and "sleep bruxism". These were searched in databases: Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, LILACS and gray literature, for studies published until May 2020. RESULTS: We obtained a total of six primary studies, involving 854 participants, who met the criteria and were included in the present study. The analysis cortisol levels shows a significant difference favourable to the control group 1.10 (95% CI: 0.68-1.53), showing that patients with bruxism have higher values of salivary cortisol. Heterogeneity of I²â€¯= 4% (P = .31). CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that despite the different methodologies adopted for the collection and analysis of salivary content, this review found significant results of higher levels of salivary cortisol in adult patients with bruxism.

Stimulus-driven visual attention in mice.

In primates, stimulus-driven changes in visual attention can facilitate or hinder perceptual performance, depending on the location and timing of the stimulus event. Mice have emerged as a powerful model for studying visual circuits and behavior; however, it is unclear whether mice show similar interactions between stimulus events and visual attention during perceptual decisions. To investigate this, we trained head-fixed mice to detect a near-threshold change in visual orientation and tested how performance was altered by task-irrelevant stimuli that occurred at different times and locations with respect to the orientation change. We found that task-irrelevant stimuli strongly affected mouse performance. Specifically, stimulus-driven attention in mice followed a similar time course as that in other species: The decreases in reaction times fully emerged between 250 and 400 ms after the stimulus event, and detection accuracy was not affected. However, the effects of stimulus-driven attention on behavior in mice were insensitive to stimulus-event location, an aspect different from what is known in primates. In contrast, reaction times in mice were reduced at longer delays after the task-irrelevant stimulus event regardless of its spatial congruence to the target. These results highlight the strengths and limitations of using mice as a model for studying higher-order visual functions.

Corticosteroids in Pregnancy for Preventing RDS: Overview of Systematic Reviews.

The objective of this study was to analyze the available evidence of systematic reviews that evaluated the efficacy of antenatal corticosteroids in order to contribute to a reduction in magnitude and transcendence of respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn (RDS). Thus, an overview was conducted including all systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated women who received corticosteroid treatment during pregnancy to prevent RDS. Therefore, a search strategy was developed using the terms "respiratory distress syndrome, newborn," "corticosteroids," "perinatal death," "neonatal death," "neonate," and "pregnancy." The electronic databases searched were MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and Google Scholar, for studies published until June 2020. We identified 354 references, 38 of which were relevant after the initial screening. Ten systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. For RDS, 1522 cases occurred in the control group composed of 8716 participants, while in the intervention group was 1088 in 8740 participants (RR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.60-0.75). For neonatal death, 343 cases occurred in 5248 participants of the control group, while in the intervention group, there were 227 cases in 5246 participants (RR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.56-0.78). For perinatal death, there were 344 cases in 3345 participants in the control group, while in the intervention group, the number of cases was 264 in 3384 participants (RR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.58-0.89). Thus, the use of corticosteroids during pregnancy in women at risk of preterm birth is effective for the prevention of RDS in neonates and reducing the number of neonatal and perinatal deaths in preterm. PROSPERO protocol no: CRD42017074604.

Accuracy of Ultrasonography in Breast Implant Rupture Diagnosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Breast augmentation is the most common aesthetic operation performed in the United States and worldwide; 1,862,506 breast augmentation procedures were performed in 2018, an increase of 27.6 percent compared to 2014 data. METHODS: In the present study, the authors performed a systematic review to identify the accuracy of ultrasonography for diagnosing breast prosthesis rupture. Studies in which the ultrasound diagnostic test was compared to a surgical finding as a reference standard were reviewed. RESULTS: As a result, 20 primary studies were included in the analyses, with a total of 1987 patients and 3297 prostheses. The use of ultrasound for diagnosis of breast prosthesis rupture presented the following results: pooled sensitivity, 73.7 percent (95 percent CI, 70.2 to 77.1 percent); pooled specificity, 87.8 percent (95 percent CI, 86.5 to 89.0); area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.7762; diagnostic odds ratio, 11.04 (95 percent CI, 5.79 to 21.08). CONCLUSION: This study supports that ultrasound of breast prostheses is an adequate tool in the diagnosis of rupture.

Nutritional Interventions in Children with Brain Injuries: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Brain injury has several consequences throughout life, its increased incidence has caused great public concern. The aim was identifying the main nutritional therapies recommended for children with brain injuries. METHODS: A systematic review was carried out using the terms in the search strategy: "Brain Injuries", "Nutrition Therapy", and "Child" and their synonyms, from database inception up to August 2020. The search was conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane library, LILACS, and grey literature. Two reviewers independently selected the included studies, according to the eligibility criteria and extracted data from the included articles. RESULTS: A total of 1196 studies resulted from electronic searches, and out of these, 27 studies were read in full and eight studies were included. For early enteral nutritional support (<48 h), results suggest benefit in increasing survival rates. Type of dietary protein seems to be related to decreasing gastric emptying by 40%. The use of fibers seems to reduce gastrointestinal discomfort and increase stool frequency. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence mapped was extracted from small studies analyzing different outcomes, so any decision making should be analyzed considering the context. We present the direction of the effect, but the magnitude is still unclear.

Evaluation of the arachidonic acid pathway in bipolar disorder: a systematic review.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood psychiatric disorder described by changes between depressive, hypomanic, or manic episodes. The aimed of the present study was evaluated possible changes in the AA pathway in BD through a systematic review of observational studies. A search in the electronic databases was proceeded, on Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Google Scholar and the British Library for studies published until August 2020. A search strategy was developed using the terms: "Bipolar Disorder" and "Phospholipase A2" or "Arachidonic Acids" or "Cyclooxygenase 2" or "Prostaglandins E" as text words and Medical Subject Headings (i.e., MeSH and EMTREE). Seven primary studies were included in the systematic review, with a total of 246 BD patients, 20 depression patients, and 425 heathy controls (HC). The studies showed contradictory results in the AA and PLA2, no primary articles with COX and PGE2 assessments were included in this review. According to the Newcastle-Ottawa quality score scale (NOS), our systematic review presented high quality. The investigation of the inflammatory pathway of AA still needs further investigation and evidence, given the growing number of studies suggesting the efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs as adjunctive therapy in the pharmacological treatment of BD.

Lack of Effects of Extended Sessions of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Over Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex on Craving and Relapses in Crack-Cocaine Users.

Background: Non-invasive brain stimulation such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been investigated as additional therapeutic tool for drug use disorder. In a previous study, we showed that five sessions of tDCS applied bilaterally over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) reduced craving to the use of crack-cocaine in inpatients from a specialized clinic. In the present study, we examine if an extended number of sessions of the same intervention would reduce craving even further and affect also relapses to crack-cocaine use. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, clinical trial with parallel arms was conducted (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02091167). Crack-cocaine patients from two private and one public clinics for treatment of drug use disorder were randomly allocated to two groups: real tDCS (5 cm × 7 cm, 2 mA, for 20 min, cathodal over the left dlPFC and anodal over the right dlPFC, n = 19) and sham-tDCS (n = 16). Real or sham-tDCS was applied once a day, every other day, in a total of 10 sessions. Craving was monitored by a 5-item obsessive compulsive drinking scale once a week (one time before, three times during and once after brain stimulation) over about 5 weeks and relapse was monitored after their discharge from clinics for up to 60 days. Results: Craving scores progressively decreased over five measurements in both sham- and real tDCS groups. Corrected Hedges' within-group (initial and final) effect sizes of craving scores were of 0.77 for the sham-tDCS and of 0.97 for the real tDCS group. The between-groups effect size was of 0.34, in favor of the real tDCS group over sham-tDCS group. Relapse rates were high and quite similar between groups in the 30- and 60-days follow-up after discharge from the hospital. Conclusion: Extended repetitive bilateral tDCS over the dlPFC had no add-on effects over regular treatment when considering craving and relapses to the crack-cocaine use in a sample of crack-cocaine patients with severe use disorder. Different tDCS montages targeting other cortical regions and perhaps additional extension of sessions need to be investigated to reach more efficiency in managing craving and relapses to crack-cocaine use.

O resgate da Medicina de Família no Brasil e no mundo: resultados do Programa de Saúde da Família na área rural de Capela-SE

O trabalho tem por objetivo testar a hipótese de que o modelo da Medicina de Famíluia proporciona melhores indicadores de saúde a um país, aliado a um menor custo, quando comparado ao fragmentado e superespecializado modelo biomédico. Para tal compara os índices de expectativa de vida (EV) e mortalidade infantil de países desenvolvidos e subdesenvolvidos, que tenham no modelo da Medicina de Família a base de seu sistema de saúde, com os mesmos indicadores de outros países de mesmo grau de desenvolvimento sócio-econômico, mas que disponham deste modelo construído de forma hegemônica.