Editorial Commentary: For Post-Hip Arthroplasty Iliopsoas Tendonitis, Psoas Tenotomy Is the Preferred First-Line Treatment, Even in Cases of Cup Overhang.

Iliopsoas impingement pathology is one of the causes of persistent pain after total hip arthroplasty. It is reported as occurring in approximately 4% of cases; this may be significantly greater (in cases of postarthroplasty pain of unknown etiology). Inflammation is a result of impingement of the tendon against the acetabular component. This may occur with anteroinferior prominence when the cup is properly positioned in anteversion or when the cup is oversized. Other causes of impingement include a cup-reinforcement ring or acetabular cage, a collared femoral component, screws penetrating through the ilium, cement extrusion, anterior wall hypoplasia, or increased femoral offset. When conservative treatment does not achieve the best outcome, the 2 main therapeutic options are psoas tenotomy or revision of the cup component. Tenotomy can be performed either arthroscopically or by an open approach and may be considered the best option for many patients, even in cases with anterior component prominence, as it is less invasive, presents fewer complications, and has faster recovery. The debate is open. The level of tenotomy remains controversial, with risks and benefits of both a lesser trochanter and transcapsular approach.

Editorial Commentary: Shoulder Biceps Tenodesis Versus Tenotomy: Both Show Good Results and Have Different Indications.

Shoulder long head biceps pathology is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain. The fact that there are many surgical techniques available has led to discussion of which should be the best treatment; although, in general terms, the two main options are tenotomy or tenodesis. Tenotomy is a simple technique, with a low rate of complications and a very good cost-benefit ratio, faster recovery, and less use of narcotic pain medications. Tenodesis has a lower risk of "Popeye deformity" and theoretically better biomechanics and strength, but few studies confirm superior outcomes in cases of biceps disease without concomitant lesions. In addition, there is no consensus as to which technique provides the best result: open or arthroscopic technique, subpectoral or fixation in the bicipital groove, soft tissue, or bony fixation. Generally, all techniques function at least two years after the surgery. We indicate arthroscopic suprapectoral bone tenodesis fixed with a screw in very selected cases: 20 patients <50 years old with good bone quality and engaged in work or sports that require flexion and supination strength. On the other hand, in chronic rupture with Popeye deformity and pain after rehabilitation, we perform open subpectoral tenodesis due to residual retraction, making suprapectoral fixation impossible or overtensioned. The correct length-tension of the long head biceps during tenodesis is critical; inappropriate tensioning can result in undesirable outcomes.

Correction to: Effect of patient positioning in axillary nerve safety during arthroscopic inferior glenohumeral ligament plication.

The author claims that his name is incorrectly listed on PubMed. The first name should be Jorge and the last name should be Díaz Heredia. On SpringerLink the name is listed correctly, but on PubMed he is listed as Heredia JD.

The all-inside meniscal repair technique has less risk of injury to the lateral geniculate artery than the inside-out repair technique when suturing the lateral meniscus.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the risk of injury to the inferior lateral geniculate artery with two different techniques for lateral meniscus repair. METHODS: Eight cadaveric knees were used. Inside-out sutures and an all-inside suture device were placed at the most lateral edge of the popliteal hiatus, and 15 and 30 mm anterior to this point. The minimum distances between the sutures and the inferior lateral geniculate artery were measured through a limited lateral arthrotomy. Artery penetration or collapse due to the sutures was also evaluated. RESULTS: The median distance between the sutures and the artery when inserted at the lateral edge of the popliteal hiatus was 1.5 mm (interquartile range: 1.3) for the inside-out technique and 1.5 mm (1.3) for the all-inside technique (differences not significant, n.s.). When the sutures were inserted 15 mm anterior to the popliteal hiatus the distances were 1.0 mm (1.1) and 1.3 mm (1.0) for the inside-out technique and the all-inside technique, respectively (n.s.). When the sutures were inserted 30 mm anterior to the popliteal hiatus the distances were 1.0 mm (1.0) and 1.5 mm (1.0) for the inside-out technique and the all-inside technique, respectively (n.s.). The artery was punctured with two of the inside-out sutures placed 15 mm from the popliteal hiatus, no puncturing occurred in the all-inside technique (n.s.). Tying of the inside-out sutures resulted in obliteration of the artery in four of eight sutures placed at 15 mm from the popliteal hiatus and three of eight sutures at 30 mm; no obliteration of the artery was found using the all-inside device (significant differences, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Although both all-inside and inside-out lateral meniscal repair techniques place sutures very close to the lateral geniculate artery, the inside-out technique is riskier as extra-articular knot tying can cause artery obliteration when suturing the part of the meniscus immediately lateral to the popliteal hiatus. Therefore, all-inside meniscal repair technique shows less risk of injury to the major blood supply of the lateral meniscus.

Correction to: The all-inside meniscal repair technique has less risk of injury to the lateral geniculate artery than the inside-out repair technique when suturing the lateral meniscus.

The author claims that his name is incorrectly listed on PubMed. The first name should be Jorge and the last name should be Díaz Heredia.

Screw Fixation of Os Acetabuli: An Arthroscopic Technique.

An os acetabuli (OA) increases the contact area and surface area of the acetabulum and is important to maintain congruity of the hip joint. Thus preservation of this ossicle is important to prevent loss of contact area and ensure containment of the femoral head. We describe an all-arthroscopic approach to the fixation of OA with a compression screw. Initially, the fibrous tissue is debrided between the acetabular rim and the OA, a guidewire is placed through the OA up to the acetabular rim, and a screw is inserted over the wire. Compression of the OA is achieved with bone-to-bone contact. This technique prevents loss of femoral head coverage, reducing the risk of subluxation and subsequent osteoarthritis.

Effect of patient positioning in axillary nerve safety during arthroscopic inferior glenohumeral ligament plication.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the risk of injuring the axillary nerve during an inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) plication and finding out whether shoulder position (either beach chair position or lateral decubitus position) has any effect in this risk. METHODS: The axillary nerve (AN) was identified through a 3-cm posterior incision in 12 cadaveric shoulders. Under arthroscopic visualization, a curved indirect suture-passing device was placed through the posterior and anterior bands of the IGHL. The distances between the device and the AN were measured with the shoulder specimen placed at simulated lateral decubitus position and beach chair position. RESULTS: There were no cases of nerve injury nor the suture-passing device came closer than 10 mm to the nerve. There was an increase in the injury risk to the AN when inserting the device at the posterior band of the IGHL in the beach chair position [median 13 mm (range 10-21 mm)] compared to the risk in the lateral decubitus position [22.5 mm (20-26 mm), significant differences, p < 0.001]. When the device was inserted at the anterior band of the IGHL, there were no significant differences (n.s.) [lateral decubitus position: 18 mm (14-24 mm) vs. 16 mm (13-18 mm)]. When comparing differences between bands, there were no differences in the beach chair position, but the risk was lower for the posterior band in the lateral decubitus position (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: During plication of the posterior band of the IGHL, the risk is higher if the procedure is performed in the beach chair position. The posterior plication is safer than the anterior plication in lateral decubitus position. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study helps the surgeon to better understand the proximity of the nerve to the IGHL and to highlight that the risk of nerve injury during capsular plication might be reduced in the lateral decubitus position.

Posterior Lateral Meniscus Root Reattachment With Suture Anchors: An Arthroscopic Technique.

The posterior lateral meniscus root (PLMR) provides the circumferential tension required to stabilize the lateral meniscus. Thus, preservation of the PLMR is important to prevent an increase in tibiofemoral contact pressure, which could result in osteoarthritis. We describe an all-arthroscopic approach to the fixation of PLMR using suture anchors through associated posterolateral arthroscopic portals that result in a more favorable inclination of the anchors. Initially, the anatomical insertion site of the root on the tibial plateau is debrided, 1 to 2 anchors are placed through the posterolateral portals into the root's footprint area, and the meniscus is finally sutured from the posterolateral portals. Compression of the meniscus is achieved with bone contact. This technique achieves lateral meniscus root fixation, reducing the risk of subluxation of the meniscus and subsequent osteoarthritis.

Anatomic Hip Capsular Reconstruction With Separate Suture Anchors.

The number of reports on the use of capsule suturing techniques during hip arthroscopy has increased in the last few years because of the important function played by the iliofemoral ligament (IFL). This study describes an arthroscopic technique whereby the hip capsule is opened by a limited vertical dissection of both the capsule itself and the IFL from their footprint on the acetabular rim, and the capsulolabral junction and the IFL's deep fibers are released. After the intra-articular procedure, the capsule is closed through 2 to 4 side-to-side sutures in the vertical arm of the capsulotomy and 1 to 2 suture anchors with sutures are passed through either side of the capsular confluence. This technique prevents a full transverse section of the IFL and allows complete capsular closure through reconstruction of the capsular footprint.

The Effect of Knee Flexion Angle on the Neurovascular Safety of All-Inside Lateral Meniscus Repair: A Cadaveric Study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate if different knee flexion angles can modify the neurovascular injury risk during lateral meniscus repair. METHODS: Twenty cadaveric knees were studied. An all-inside suture device (FasT-Fix; Smith & Nephew, Andover, MA) was placed at the posterior horn and at the medial and lateral limits of the popliteal hiatus. The minimal distances between the device and the popliteal artery and peroneal nerve were measured with the knee at 90°, 45°, and 0° of flexion through a limited posterolateral arthrotomy. RESULTS: The distance between the device when inserted at the lateral edge of the popliteal hiatus and the peroneal nerve decreased from a median of 26 mm (interquartile range [IQR], 3.5 mm; range, 19 to 29 mm) at 90° to 21.5 mm (IQR, 4.5 mm; range, 14 to 25 mm) at 45° and 15.5 mm (IQR, 6.5 mm; range, 4 to 20 mm) at 0° (significant differences, P < .001). The distance between the device when inserted at the medial edge of the popliteal hiatus and the peroneal nerve decreased from 16 mm (IQR, 3.3 mm; range, 9 to 21 mm) at 90° to 12 mm (IQR, 4.3 mm; range, 9 to 16 mm) at 45° and 7 mm (IQR, 4.0; range, 4 to 15 mm) at 0° (significant differences, P < .001). The distance between the device when inserted at the medial edge of the popliteal hiatus and the popliteal artery decreased from 21 mm (IQR, 5.0 mm; range, 11 to 27 mm) at 90° to 19 mm (IQR, 5.0 mm; range, 10 to 23 mm) at 45° and 16 mm (IQR, 7.5 mm; range, 10 to 23 mm) at 0° (significant differences, P < .001). The distance between the device when inserted 5 mm lateral to the posterior root of the lateral meniscus and the popliteal artery decreased from 13 mm (IQR, 4.3 mm; range, 7 to 27 mm) at 90° to 10.5 mm (IQR, 4.3 mm; range, 4 to 19 mm) at 45° and 5.5 mm (IQR, 4.0 mm; range, 0 to 14 mm) at 0° (significant differences, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of injury to the popliteal artery or to the peroneal nerve during all-inside repair of the posterior half of the lateral meniscus is lower at 90° of flexion and increases with knee extension to 45° and 0°. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: All-inside meniscal repair of the lateral meniscus is safer with the knee at 90° of flexion.

Soft tissue tumour causing coracoid impingement syndrome.

Coracoid impingement syndrome results from subscapularis tendon entrapment between the humerus and the coracoid. This syndrome is an uncommon cause of shoulder pain that has many different aetiologies. Although synovial cysts have been reported as cause of coracoid impingement at this level, solid tumoural lesions are a rare cause of symptoms in this location. Two cases of benign soft tissue solid tumours are presented. Both patients developed symptoms compatible with coracoid impingement syndrome. The lesions were fully resected under arthroscopic visualization. Both patients had complete resolution of the symptoms and are asymptomatic at 2-year follow-up. Arthroscopic removal of benign soft tissue tumours that cause coracoid impingement syndrome has good results.