RESUMO
Two-year postsurgical developmental outcomes were assessed in 24 children with infantile spasms who underwent resective surgery. The mean age of onset of infantile spasms was 12.0 weeks and the mean age at surgery was 20.8 months. Developmental outcomes were assessed using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS). There was a significant increase in developmental level at 2 years postsurgery compared with presurgical levels. At 2 years postsurgery only one of the children in this series was severely retarded. The developmental outcomes of patients in the series were better than those in prior studies of symptomatic patients receiving medical treatment for infantile spasms. It is surprising that the children in the UCLA series frequently had developmental outcomes equal to and sometimes superior to other groups of children with infantile spasms, since all the UCLA patients were symptomatic, had neurologic deficits and had failed to respond to adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and antiepileptic drugs. The 2-year postsurgery developmental outcomes were best for the children who received surgery when they were relatively young and who had the highest level of developmental attainments presurgically.
Assuntos
Córtex Cerebral/cirurgia , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Espasmos Infantis/prevenção & controle , Atividades Cotidianas , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/uso terapêutico , Fatores Etários , Encefalopatias/complicações , Encefalopatias/diagnóstico , Encefalopatias/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Testes de Inteligência , Masculino , Período Pós-Operatório , Análise de Regressão , Convulsões/etiologia , Convulsões/prevenção & controle , Espasmos Infantis/tratamento farmacológico , Espasmos Infantis/etiologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This study compares the level of persistence between 31 inpatient alcoholic males and 31 abstinent or light social drinking males matched on age, education, socioeconomic status and estimated premorbid IQ. An unsolvable anagram and diagram were selected as measures of persistence. Results indicated that alcoholics persisted for significantly shorter periods of time on both measures than their matched controls. However, there were no significant group differences on two measures from the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (set shifting and set maintenance). Persistence measures from the unsolvable tasks were not significantly correlated with the set maintenance score of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Possible explanations are considered for these findings of persistence deficits without problem-solving impairments among young alcoholics.